Title: SS8H6a Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860,
1SS8H6aExplain the importance of key
issues and events that led to the Civil War
include slavery, states rights, nullification,
Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the
Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott
case, election of 1860, the debate over secession
in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens.
- Concept
- Conflict and Change
- Individuals and Groups
- Rule of Law
2ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 36
336
SS8H6a
Why did southern states try to form their own
country?
CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR
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6STATES RIGHTS
- This phrase refers to individual states being
sovereign (or having the right to govern itself).
According to the 10th amendment of the
constitution - The powers not delegated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people. - Basically, states wanted to follow their own
laws, and they did not want the federal
government (United States) to overrule state
laws.
7STATES RIGHTS
- The main issue over states rights involved the
institution of slavery. Southern states feared
that Congress would pass laws eventually
outlawing the practice of slavery, which would
hurt the southern agricultural economic way of
life involving the growing of cotton and tobacco
on large plantations.
8SLAVERY
- When the Georgia Trustees first envisioned their
colonial experiment in the early 1730s, they
sought to avoid the slave-based plantation
economy that had developed in other colonies in
the American South. The allure of profits from
slavery, however, proved to be too powerful for
white Georgia settlers to resist. By the era of
the American Revolution (1775-83), African slaves
constituted nearly half of Georgia's colonial
population. Although the Revolution fostered the
growth of an antislavery movement in the northern
states, white Georgia landowners fiercely
maintained their commitment to slavery even as
the war disrupted the plantation economy. In
subsequent decades slavery would play an
ever-increasing role in Georgia's shifting
plantation economy. - New Georgia Encyclopedia
9SLAVERY
- By the 1790s entrepreneurs were perfecting new
mechanized cotton gins, the most famous of which
was invented by Eli Whitney on a Savannah River
plantation owned by Catharine Greene in 1793.
This technological advance presented Georgia
planters with a staple crop that could be grown
over much of the state. As early as the 1780s
white politicians in Georgia were working to
acquire and to distribute fertile western lands
controlled by the Creek Indians, a process that
continued in the nineteenth century with the
expulsion of the Cherokees. By the 1830s cotton
plantations had spread across most of the state.
New Georgia Encyclopedia
10SLAVERY
- Although slavery played a dominant economic and
political role in Georgia, most white Georgians
did not own slaves. In 1860 less than one-third
of Georgia's adult white male population of
132,317 were slaveholders. Slaveholders
controlled not only the best land and the vast
majority of personal property in the state but
also the state political system. In 1850 and 1860
more than two-thirds of all state legislators
were slaveholders. More striking, almost a third
of the state legislators were planters. Hence,
even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding
white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could
dictate the state's political path. - New
Georgia Encyclopedia
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12Kentlaw.edu
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18MISSOURI COMPROMISE
- In 1819, the United States was divided equally
with 11 free states and 11 slave states. People
living in the Missouri Territory applied for
statehood as a slave state, but Congress did not
approve because there would be an imbalance of
power. Think back to the Senate where 2 senators
represent each states. If Missouri was allowed
to be a slave state then there would be 24 US
senators coming from slave states and 22 from
non-slave states. Slave states would have an
advantage when trying to pass or keep from
passing certain laws.
19MISSOURI COMPROMISE
- To keep a balance in the US Congress, a
compromise was made to allow Maine to be admitted
to the Union as a free state while Missouri was
added to the United States as a slave state.
Also part of the compromise was that slavery
would be outlawed north of the 36th degree line
of latitude.
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22NULLIFICATION CRISIS
- The United States Congress passed the tariff of
1828 in order to increase the price of foreign
goods so that the same goods manufactured in the
north would be cheaper in price. This helped
northern businesses, but people in the south were
having to pay more for a product that was their
second choice since their first choice (foreign
product) is now more expensive because of the
tariff (tax) added to the cost. - Southerners felt this unconstitutional and that
they should not have to pay the tariff. South
Carolina threatened to leave the union if the
tariffs were not repealed.
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24COMPROMISE OF 1850
- Just like the Missouri Compromise, the
Compromise of 1850 involved slavery. To keep
balance in the US government California became a
free state and Texas was added as a slave state.
But the states still argued over the issue of
slavery in the nations capital as well as the
problem of runaway slaves in the south. Southern
states threatened to leave the Union in order to
preserve slavery and states rights in the South.
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26GEORGIA PLATFORM
- Georgians met at the state capital in
Milledgeville to discuss the Compromise of 1850.
Representative Alexander Stephens supported the
Compromise of 1850 because he did not want
Georgia to secede from the Union. He felt
Georgia and the southern states had too much too
lose if they seceded and lost a Civil War.
Georgia helped prevent war and secession.
27COMPROMISE OF 1850
- As part of the Compromise of 1850, Congress
passed the Fugitive Slave Act. This law said
that slaves could not become free once they
entered into free states. Instead, slaves were
to be returned to the slave states and anyone
helping a slave to freedom faced fines and
imprisonment. This angered northerners who
disagreed with slavery. The other part of the
1850 Compromise was that slave trading became
illegal in Washington D.C.
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29KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT
- In 1854, Congress allowed the people living in
the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to vote on
the issue of slavery. This is known as popular
sovereignty. The Republican Party was created
because it did not like this act because it
repealed the Missouri Compromise which stated
that slavery was not allowed north of the 36th
line of latitude. Kansas would become a free
state.
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33Dred Scott was a slave from the slave state of
Missouri who traveled with his master Dr. John
Emerson to the free state of Illinois. Dred
Scott eventually tried to sue for his freedom
since he believed that he could not be a slave in
a free state. The Supreme Court did not rule
in his favor. Instead, the Supreme Court decided
that Dred Scott could not sue in court because
slaves were not citizens, therefore, he had no
rights. The Court also allowed slaves to be
taken to free states b/c they were property of
their masters. The ruling was a victory for
southern slave owners, while abolitionists in the
north disagreed.
DRED SCOTT SUPREME COURT CASE
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35ELECTION OF 1860
- For decades the arguments about slavery have
been growing louder between people who live in
the Northern states and people who live in the
Southern states. Northerners believe slavery
should be abolished for moral reasons.
Southerners feel the end of slavery will destroy
their regions rural economy. Many in the South
think the election of Northerner Abraham Lincoln
to be president of the United States will be a
serious blow to their way of life. - - Bentley Boyd chestercomix
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38WHAT DID ABRAHAM LINCOLN DO TO BECOME SUCH A
FAMOUS AMERICAN IN UNITED STATES HISTORY?
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44DEBATE OVER SECESSION
- Lincolns victory in the 1860 presidential
election caused southern states to hold
conventions on whether or not they should secede
from the Union in order to protect the
legalization of slavery in their states. - South Carolina became the 1st state to secede
from the Union, while Georgia became the 5th
state to secede.
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46WHAT MESSAGE IS THIS PRIMARY SOURCE POLITICAL
CARTOON TYRING TO CONVEY?
47ROLE OF ALEXANDER STEPHENS
- Alexander Stephens was a U.S. Representative
from Georgia who was PRO-slavery, but he was
against Secession. When Georgia held a
convention to decide on secession Alexander
Stephens argued against it by saying the South
should remain loyal to the Union. He believed
that if the South seceded then a Civil War would
break out and if the South lost then they would
lose their states rights, especially the right
to keep slavery legal.
48ROLE OF ALEXANDER STEPHENS
- Despite Alexander Stephens and his words of
caution, Georgia decided to secede anyway. Those
states in the south that seceded created the
Confederate States of America, a separate
country. Alexander Stephens was persuaded to
become the vice-president of the C.S.A., most
likely to appeal to southerners that were just
like him wanted to keep slavery, but really
didnt want to leave the union. This would help
keep the southern states united.
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