Hannibal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Hannibal

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Title: Hannibal


1
HANNIBAL
2
AIM
  • TO BRIEFLY PRESENT THE LIFE OF HANNIBAL OF
    CARTHAGE WITH SPEC REFERENCE TO BATTLE OF CANNAE

3
SCHEME
  • BRIEF OVER VIEW OF CARTHAGE
  • HANNIBAL HIS EXPLOITS
  • THE FALL OF HANNIBAL

4
CARTHAGE AN OVERVIEW
  • BEFORE HANNIBAL'S BIRTH, THE ROMANS WERE THE
    MASTER OF ITALY.
  • CARTHAGE AT THAT TIME WAS A POWERFUL INDEPENDENT
    STATE IN NORTH AFRICA.

5
  • CATHAGE ALSO CONTROLLED THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS
    OF CORSICA, SARDINIA, AND SYRACUSE (NOW KNOW AS
    SICILY). 
  • THIS LEFT HER VIRTUALLY AS THE MISTRESS OF THE
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

6
ROME
CORSICA
SARDINIA
CARTHAGE
SYRACUSE
7
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8
  • CARTHAGE HAD THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE RICH SILVER
    MINES NEAR GADES (CARDIZ).
  • IT WAS ALSO A LDG TRADING POWER IN THE
    MEDITERRANEAN
  • IT HAD A HUGE FLEET OF SHIPS,SPECIAL QUINQUIREMES
    (IT TOOK FIVE MEN TO PULL EACH OAR).

9
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10
  • IT ALSO HAD A LARGE ARMY COMPOSED MAINLY OF
    MERCENARIES.
  • THESE MERCENARIES INCL SWIFT CAV FROM NUMIDIA,
    STONE SLINGERS FROM MAJORCA, AND ARCHERS FROM
    GAUL.

11
  • THE CARTHAGINIANS WERE CONTENT BUT THE ROMANS
    WERE MILITARY EXPANSIONISTS.  SO THE ROMANS BROKE
    THEIR TREATY WITH THE CARTHAGINIANS BY EXPANDING
    THEIR EMPIRE INTO SICILY AND THE FIRST PUNIC WAR
    BEGAN (264 B.C.).

12
  • IN 247 B.C., HAMILCAR BARCA TOOK COMMAND OF THE
    CARTHAGINIAN ARMY AND HIS SON, HANNIBAL, WAS
    BORN.
  • AFTER LOSING A DECISIVE SEA BATTLE, THE
    CARTHAGINIANS SUED FOR PEACE. 

13
  • ROME DEMANDED NOT ONLY SICILY, BUT CORSICA,
    SARDINIA, AND ALL THE ISLANDS BETWEEN SICILY AND
    AFRICA. 
  • IN ADDITION, THE CARTHAGINIANS WERE COMPELLED TO
    PAY A LARGE TRIBUTE.

14
  • IN ORDER TO RECOUP THEIR LOSSES, THE CARTHAGIANS
    REBUILT THEIR EMPIRE IN SPAIN. 
  • A NEW CARTHAGE WAS BUILT IN SPAIN WITH SAGUNTUM
    AS ONE OF ITS PROVINCES. THIS PROVINCE WAS
    INHABITED BY GREEKS.

15
  • IN 230 B.C., HAMILCAR WAS KILLED IN BATTLE, AND
    COMMAND OF THE ARMY WAS LEFT TO HIS SON-IN-LAW,
    HASDRUBAL.

16
  • DURING ALL THESE YEARS HANNIBAL CONTINUED TO
    GROW AS A TRUE SOLDIER.  WHEN HASDRUBAL WAS
    MURDERED IN 221 B.C., HANNIBAL WAS MADE THE NEW
    COMMANDER OF THE ARMY AT THE AGE OF TWENTY-SIX.

17
HANNIBAL HIS EXPLOITS
  • KNOWING THE LONG TERM GOAL OF THE ROMANS TO GAIN
    CONTROL OF NEW CARTHAGE, HANNIBAL DECIDED TO MAKE
    THE FIRST MOVE.  HE ATTACKED SAGUNTUM, WHERE
    GREEKS WITH THE ACTIVE SUPPORT OF THE ROMANS, HAD
    STARTED AN UPRISING.

18
  • AFTER PUTTING DOWN THE UPRISING HANNIBAL TURNED
    HIS EYES TOWARDS THE LONG HATED EN THE ROMANS

19
HANNIBALS FAMOUS MARCH THROUGH ALPS
  • WITH THIRTY-SEVEN ELEPHANTS, NEARLY EIGHTY
    THOUSAND INFANTRY AND CAVALRY HANNIBAL DECIDED TO
    INVADE ROME ITSELF
  • FOR THIS PURPOSE HE DECIDED TO TAKE HIS ARMY
    THROUGH THE PYRENEES, ACROSS THE RHONE, OVER THE
    ALPS AND INTO ITALY. 

20
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21
  • IT WAS AN AMBITIOUS PLAN,BUT DESPITE THE EXTREME
    HARDSHIPS OF CROSSING THE COLD, SNOW PACKED ALPS,
    HE SUCCEEDED.
  • THIS WAS HOWEVER NOT WITH OUT THE LOSS OF ALL THE
    ELEPHANTS AND NEARLY TWO THIRDS OF HIS FORCE

22
BATTLE OF CANNAE
  • THIS BATTLE TOOK PLACE ON 2 AUG, 216 BC ON THE
    RIGHT BANK OF OFANTO RIVER NEAR ITALYS EAST
    COAST.
  • THIS BATTLE IS A CLASSICAL EXAMPLE OF DOUBLE
    ENVELOPMENT MANEUVER

23
MODERN DAY PICTURE OF CANNAE
24
OPPOSING FORCES
  • ROMANS
  • 58,000 HEAVILY ARMED LEGIONAIRES
  • 16000 LIGHT INFANTRY
  • 6,000 CAVALRY
  • TOTAL FORCE 80,000

25
ROMAN LEGIONARE
26
  • HANNIBALS TROOPS
  • 32,000 HEAVILY ARMED MEN (12,000 CARTHAGIANS,REST
    WERE GAULS IBERIANS)
  • 8000 LIGHT INFANTRY
  • 10,000 CAVALRY
  • TOTAL 50,000

27
  • THUS THE ROMANS WERE STRONGER IN INFANTRY AT A
    RATIO OF 21 BUT WERE WEAKER IN CAVALRY.

28
  • THE ROMAN LEGIONS WERE LEAD BY TWO CONSULS PAULUS
    VARRO WHO WERE TO COMMAND THE ARMY ON ALTERNATE
    DAYS
  • CONSUL PAULUS WAS CAUTIOUS AND WAS OPPOSED TO
    DIRECT CONFRONTATION

29
  • CONSUL VARO ON THE OTHER HAND WANTED A DIRECT
    CONFRONTATION USING THE WEIGHT OF HIS LEGIONS

30
DISPOSITION OF FORCES
  • BOTH SIDES PUT CAVALRY ON THE FLANKS. ROMANS DREW
    UP IN THREE LINES WHILE HANNIBAL PUT THE WEAKER
    GAULS AND THE SPANIARDS IN AN ARC IN TWELVE
    FILES, WITH STRONG AFRICANS HELD BACK AT EACH END
    OF THE INFANTRY LINE.

31
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32
  • HANNIBAL MASKED HIS POSITIONS IN FRONT WITH LIGHT
    SLINGERS AND SPEARMEN.
  • BEHIND THEM HE KEPT HIS CELTIC AND SPANISH SWORDS
    MEN IN A CONVEX CRESENT SHAPE IN THE CENTRE. ON
    THE LEFT WING HE KEPT THE HEAVIER CAVALRY AND ON
    THE RIGHT WING HE STATIONED THE LT NUMIDIAN
    CAVALRY

33
CONDUCT OF BATTLE
  • THE BATTLE COMMENCED WITH BOTH THE ARMIES
    ADVANCING TOWARDS EACH OTHER.
  • THE ROMANS DROVE IN FAST WITH THEIR SUPERIOR
    INFANTRY THE CARTHAGIANS IN THE CENTRE LINE
    YIELDED WITHOUT BREAKING UNTIL THE ROMANS HAD
    PUSHED DEEP INTO THE MIDDLE.

34
  • WHILE THE CARTHAGIANS IN THE CENTRE RETREATED AS
    THOUGH UNDER THE PRESSURE THE LT TPS ALSO PULLED
    BACK TO THE REAR OF THE CRESCENT
  • THE ROMAN CAVALRY ON THE RIGHT WING ADVANCED AND
    ENGAGED THE CARTHAGIAN HEAVY CAVALRY ON THE LEFT

35
  • THE CARTHAGIAN HEAVY CAVALRY WAS ABLE TO DESTROY
    THE ROMAN CAVALRY THEREBY LEAVING THE ROMAN RIGHT
    FLANK DEFENSELESS.
  • THE ROMAN CAVALRY ON THE OTHER WING ALSO MET WITH
    THE SAME FATE.

36
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37
  • NOW THE SITUATION WAS THAT THE ROMAN INFANTRY
    UNAWARE OF THE FATE OF CAVALRY WAS PUSHING
    FORWARD AGAINST WHAT APPEARED TO BE AN ENEMY
    GIVING GROUND UNDER PRESSURE

38
BATTLE OF CANNAE
39
  • THE ROMAN CAVALRY ON BOTH THE WINGS HAD BEEN
    ROUTED
  • THE CARTHAGIAN CAVARY AT THIS MOMENT FELL ON THE
    REAR OF THE ADVANCING ROMANS WITH THE LIGHT
    INFANTRY APPEARING ON THE FLANKS

40
  • THE ADVANCE OF THE ROMANS WAS CHECKED BY THE
    FLANKING ECHELONS
  • THUS THE TRAP WAS CLOSED

41
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42
OUTCOME OF THE BATTLE
  • OUT OF THE 80,000 ROMAN LEGIONAIRES WHO HAD
    STARTED THE FIGHT 46000 WERE KILLED, 22000
    CAPTURED AND 12000 SURVIVED THE FIGHT.
  • THIS WAS THE BIGGEST EVER DEFEAT IN THE ROMAN
    HISTORY.

43
  • THE LOSSES OF HANNIBAL WERE ALMOST NEGLIGIBLE AS
    COMPARED TO THE VICTORY ACHIEVED.
  • SOME 5000 WERE KILLED AND ALMOST AN EQUAL NUMBER
    WERE WOUNDED.

44
  • HANNIBAL REMAINED UNDEFEATED FOR 12 YEARS AND HIS
    ARMY WENT ANYWHERE THEY WANTED IN ITALY AND
    RAVAGED THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR 4 MORE YEARS BEFORE
    HE WAS CALLED BACK TO AFRICA.

45
THE BEGINNING OF THE END
  • ROME HAD LOST MORE THAN HALF A MILLION MEN IN
    BATTLES WITH HANNIBAL AND NEEDED SOME BODY WHO
    COULD BREAK HIS MYTH OF INVINCIBILITY.

46
  • THEIR PRAYERS WERE ANSWERED IN THE NAME OF
    SCIPIO. SCIPIO TOOK COMMAND OF THE ROMAN FORCES
    AND DECIDED TO TAKE THE RISK OF STRIKING AT
    CARTHAGE. 

47
  • IN 204 B.C., SCIPIO AND AN ARMY OF 25,000 MEN
    LANDED IN CARTHAGE. 
  • HEARING OF THE INVASION, HANNIBAL HEADED BACK TO
    NORTH AFRICA WITH HIS TIRED ARMY. 

48
  • ON THE PLAIN OF ZAMA, SCIPIO AND HANNIBAL ALIGNED
    THEIR ARMIES FOR BATTLE.
  • IN THIS BATTLE THE NUMIDIAN HORSE MEN SIDED WITH
    THE ROMANS.

49
  HANNIBAL'S SOLDIERS FOUGHT COURAGEOUSLY BUT
WERE FINALLY DEFEATED. 
50
  • HANNIBAL PERSUADED HIS GOVERNMENT TO ACCEPT TERMS
    OF PEACE.
  • AFTER THE RATIFICATION OF A PEACE TREATY,
    HANNIBAL BECAME THE CHIEF MAGISTRATE OF
    CARTHAGE. 

51
  • HE INCREASED THE STABILITY AND PROSPERITY OF
    CARTHAGE SO WELL THAT CARTHAGE SOON REGAINED ITS
    PLACE AS THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF THE WESTERN
    MEDITERRANEAN. 

52
THE END
  • THE ROMANS WERE AFRAID OF CARTHAGES QUICK
    RECOVERY AND WERE ALSO AFRAID THAT HANNIBAL WOULD
    WAGE ANOTHER WAR.  IN 195 B.C., THE ROMANS
    DEMANDED HIS ARREST. 

53
  • HANNIBAL FLED CARTHAGE AND BEGAN A LIFE OF
    WANDERING AND EXILE. IN 182 B.C., TO AVOID
    CAPTURE BY THE ROMANS, HANNIBAL COMMITTED SUICIDE
    BY DRINKING POISON.
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