Harvard Referencing

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Introduction to Referencing
Harvard Referencing

• In-text citations
• Reference List

AUSTRALIAN CAMPUS NETWORK
ACADEMIC SKILLS UNIT WORKSHOP
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REFERENCING WORKSHOP Part 1

• All page numbers refer to the La Trobe University
  publication, Referencing A Guide by Robyn Thomas
  2003
• ACTIVITY 1
• Materials
• Text-book from any of your subject areas
• AND / OR
• Online journal article from http//scholar.google.
  com/ or the La Trobe website
• QUOTING
• Take a one sentence quote from the source
• Write the sentence as a quote with an in-text
  citation (see Referencing Guide P. 8-9)
• Write the full reference (see Referencing Guide
  P. 14-15)
• PARAPHRASING
• Paraphrase the sentence in a)
• Write the paraphrased sentence with an in-text
  citation (see Referencing Guide P. 8-9)
• Write the full reference (see Referencing Guide
  P. 14-15)

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Two main STYLES of referencing

• IN-TEXT REFERENCING SYSTEMS

In text reference e.g. Davis and McKay (1996,
p.112) note that it is important to be flexible
about the system of referencing and adopt
whichever style is appropriate. Full reference
e.g. Davis, L.B. and McKay, S. 1996, Structures
and Strategies An introduction to Academic
Writing, Macmillan Education Australia, Melbourne.
2. NUMBER-NOTE REFERENCING SYSTEMS
Numbered reference Davis and McKay note that it
is important to be flexible about the system of
referencing and adopt whichever style is
appropriate 1. Full reference Lloyd Davis
and Susan McKay, Structures and Strategies An
introduction to Academic Writing, Macmillan
Education Australia, Melbourne, 1996, p.112.
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TYPES of Referencing
There are a few main types of referencing
Harvard (mostly used by Social Sciences,
Business, Engineering and Science), Oxford and
Cambridge (mostly used in Law subjects and
occasionally referred to as 'footnoting') and APA
(American Psychological Association (Psychology
and some Health Science areas) but there are
also others.
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• IN-TEXT REFERENCING SYSTEMS

Harvard system
APA system
In text reference Davis and McKay (1996) note
that it is important to be flexible about the
system of referencing and adopt whichever style
is appropriate (p.112).  Full reference Davis,
L.B. McKay, S. 1996, Structures and Strategies
An introduction to Academic Writing, Melbourne
Macmillan Education Australia.
In text reference Davis and McKay (1996, p.112)
note that it is important to be flexible about
the system of referencing and adopt whichever
style is appropriate. Full reference Davis, L.B.
and McKay, S. 1996, Structures and Strategies An
introduction to Academic Writing, Macmillan
Education Australia, Melbourne.
MLA system
In text reference Davis and McKay note that it is
important to be flexible about the system of
referencing and adopt whichever style is
appropriate (112). Full reference Davis, Lloyd
and Susan McKay. Structures and Strategies An
introduction to Academic Writing. Melbourne
Macmillan Education Australia, 1996.
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2. NUMBER-NOTE REFERENCING SYSTEMS
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Harvard Referencing Citing In Text

• It is the most widely used system in business
  disciplines

• It is the standard in La Trobe University
  Business subjects

When you are taking notes, you should record not
only the main points of the authors work, but
also your initial critical evaluation of the
material (Davis McKay, 1996).
In-text references for a paraphrase require
1. Authors Surname (s)
2. A comma
3. Year of Publication
No author? Use the the name of the Institution
eg La Trobe University
PARAPHRASE is when you re-word the writers
words (same idea but different words)
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Harvard Referencing
When doing in-text references for a QUOTE add the
page numbers. For web references (no pages) use
Section Title (if possible) and paragraph number
eg para 12
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Referencing Protocol
At La Trobe, we use the Harvard System of
referencing. However, it is important to check
with your lecturer in case they prefer another
style.
Referencing Protocol The marker/reader wants to
know that

• You understood what you read

this includes scan-reading
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• How to Use the Work of Others
• 3 main approaches
• Direct quotes
• Summarising
• Paraphrasing

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• When the words are taken exactly they must be
  acknowledged as a direct quote.

Direct Quotes

• Important to build a context around them.

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• Direct Quotes Short Quote
• Interpersonal perception is defined as how we
  see other people (Lewis Slade 2000, p. 33).

Surnames only. Do not include title of paper.
or and ? The student study guide
recommends and for 2 authors and for 3.
The message be consistent!!!
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• Direct Quotes Short Quote
• Interpersonal perception is defined as how we
  see other people (Lewis et al. 2000, p. 33).

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When to Cite? General, common knowledge ideas can
be stated - but you need to be sure.
How accurate are these statement?
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When to Cite? Commonly known facts do not need a
citation.
TASK 2 Look at the following statements. Which
one needs a citation?
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TASK Use the La Trobe Referencing Guide and
answer the following

• Read 2.7 P 7. Look at page 8-13 and answer the
  following
• In line 1, why are the letters a and b next to
  the date?
• Why is the quote (lines 6-14) indented and
  dropped down one line? What spacing should be
  used for this kind of long quote?
• Do I put a full-stop before or after brackets?
• On line 25, why is there no page number in the
  citation?
• On line 32, why is there no page number in the
  citation?

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TASK Use the La Trobe Referencing Guide and
answer the following

• Read 2.7 P 7. Look at page 8-13 and answer the
  following
• On line 47, why are there brackets around the
  word womens?
• On line 50 60 , why is the citation in the
  middle of the sentence (not at the end)?
• Line 60 did the writer actually read the text
  by Birdwhistle?
• Do I use first names or initials in a citation?
• Line 64. What does et al mean?

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The Reference list   The sources you have used
and referred to in-text are written on a separate
page that is headed References. Only the work
you have cited in-text is included in the
reference list. Do not number the
references.   The reference list is arranged
alphabetically according to the authors surname
or corporate name, or if there is no author, the
title of the work. If there are two or more
references by the same author, then the earliest
publication should be listed first with a lower
case a after the date, and the next with a b.
  Book citations must include the authors name,
date of publication, title of the book in
italics, the publisher and place of publication.
  Information from journals, newspapers and
audiovisual sources should show the author if
given the title of the article in single
inverted commas the title of the journal,
underlined or in italics the volume number
issue number if given, and the page number(s).  
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Put the following REFERENCE LIST in the correct
order
 
 
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