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OCEAN FOOD WEBS

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OCEAN FOOD WEBS OUTLINE Final Overview Foundations of Ecology Bottom Up/Top down control Representative Ocean Food Webs Marine Pollution FINAL Friday 4PM (300 pts ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: OCEAN FOOD WEBS


1
OCEAN FOOD WEBS
2
OUTLINE
  • Final Overview
  • Foundations of Ecology
  • Bottom Up/Top down control
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Marine Pollution

3
  • FINAL Friday 4PM (300 pts)
  • Bring GREEEN SCANTRON
  • 30 X 7pts Mutli-choice Qs.
  • 2 X 10pts Math Qs from H-work
  • 5 X 14pts Short Answers
  • ALL ASSIGNMENTS MUST TURNED In today or FRIDAY
  • Grades turned in/posted following Week

4
OUTLINE
  • Final Overview
  • Foundations of Ecology
  • Bottom Up/Top down control
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Marine Pollution

5
  • What is Ocean Ecology?
  • Interactions b/w oceanic organisms and their
    environment

6
Described using FOOD Chains FOOD Webs - contain
various Trophic levels (mode of Nutrition)
7
? Trophoic FOOD Pyramids may be based on
numbers of BioMass and Energy
8
  • Challenge Question
  • What is Trophic Efficiency?
  • Ratio of E in one trophic level / E vs next
    lowest trophic level
  • Et/Et-1
  • Trophic efficiency represents efficiency of
    transfer of E b/w trophic levels
  • Provide theoretical basis for calculating
    productivity given food web will support
  • E.g. fisheries management

9
  • IF Trophic Effeciency was say 10
  • How many calories of Copepods (zooplank) could be
    sustained from
  • 10,000,000 calories of Phytoplakton ?
  • How many calories of anchovies could then survive
    from
  • 1,000,000 calories of copepods?

10
  • Lindeman (1941) Defines an Ecosystem
  • Challenge Question - What is it?
  • a system of Physical, Chemical and Biological
    processes active within a space-time unit of any
    magnitude
  • Or Community of organisms and the abiotic factors
  • with which they interact

11
OUTLINE
  • Final Overview
  • Foundations of Ecology
  • Bottom Up/Top down control
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Marine Pollution

12
  • Bottom Up/Top down control
  • Challenge Questions?
  • What is the difference b/w
  • Bottom Up,
  • Top Down and
  • Wasp waste control of Food Webs in Ocean Ecology

Top Down
Wasp/Waste
Bottom Up
13
  • Seasonal (water temp) changes along Monterrey CA
    coast
  • Influence fisheries distribution
  • Wasp-Waste Control (middle trophic level control)

14
  • Classical Food Web, Alistair Hardy (1924)

15
  • The Microbial Food web
  • Marine bacteria
  • A new perspective

16
OUTLINE
  • Final Overview
  • Foundations of Ecology
  • Bottom Up/Top down control
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Marine Pollution

17
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Upwelling Event Food Web Dynamics

18
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Upwelling Ecosystems
  • Most productive in Worlds Oceans
  • Good example of Transitional Food webs
  • Upwelled Nutrients ? phyto blooms ? zoo grazing ?
    anchovies ?
  • ? large fish ? seals ? Sharks
  • 10 Ocean Primary Productivity
  • 20 worlds Fisheries Catch

19
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Marginal Ice Zone Ecosystem Food Web
    Dynamics

20
Fig. 14.12
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Ice edge Ecosystem spring/summer- Food Web
    Dynamics

21
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Mid water food web Ecosystem The Biological
    Pump

22
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Hydrothermal Vent Food Web Dynamics
  • Chemosynthesis!

23
  • Representative Ocean Food Webs
  • Confirming your knowledge
  • Where are the 5 areas Major Oceanic Fisheries
    Industry?
  • West Coast N. America
  • Peru Coast
  • N.W. Africa
  • S.W. Africa
  • Ethiopia
  • What physical/chemical and biological factors
    cause them to be so productive?
  • Prevailing winds ? upwelling of Nutrients ? phyto
    blooms

24
  • Marine Pollution
  • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 1970
  • 40 years of environmental protection is showing
    some benefits
  • Terrestrial Acid rain levels in U.S. ? declining
  • (SO2, NO from Coal burning / autos) Catalytic
    converters
  • ACID Rain
  • Weakens trees defense against severe weather/
    pests etc.
  • Most destructive to aquatic life. . . Corals
    etc. . .

25
  • Marine Pollution
  • BP Oil Spill Major News
  • Chronology Of A Catastrophe
  • http//pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8824cover4.h
    tml
  • BP dispersants? Are they Necessary for Clean up
  • http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/06/18/bp-must-s
    top-using-toxic_n_617334.html

26
  • BP Oil Spill
  • Oil dispersal as of June 4 2010

27
  • Marine Pollution
  • BP Oil Spill Clean up
  • Alternate methods exists as well
  • Bioremediation (biodegradation)
  • Alcanivorax borkumensis bacteria
  • form biofilms - chew up oils alkanes.
  • Long Term outcome ??? Not clear. . .
  • To be determined

28
  • Marine Pollution We can Make a Difference
  • A short story of Lead (Pb)
  • Effective Anti-knocking agent added to Gasoline
    (1930s)
  • 1970s - Pb shown to be toxic retards growth and
    develop.
  • Causes lesions in CNS (blood brain barrier)
    (toxins easily enter brain)
  • Legislation - US Govt. phase out leaded gas. .
    .(aka Unleaded)

Figure A9.1 Lead concentration in Perth's
atmosphere over time Data source Department of
Environment ver. 2005.          
29
  • Marine Pollution (Global Scale) _ Hole in the
    Ozone
  • Challenge Question?
  • Where is the Ozone layer hole and Why is it
    located there?
  • Located in S. Hemisphere above Antarctica
  • Why - B/c of the weather there. . .
  • Specific stratospheric clouds required (surface
    chemistry occurs)
  • CFC w/ O3 (ozone) w/ Sun ? Ozone Depletion
  • ONLY during Winter Cold enough to form these
    clouds. .
  • Artic Winter avg. 10 warmer then Antarctic
  • little to no Ozone depletion

30
  • Marine Pollution (Global Scale) _ Hole in the
    Ozone
  • What steps have we taken to mitigate Ozone
    Depletion?
  • Ban of Chlorinated Fluorocarbons (CFCs) early
    1990s
  • See reduction in Atmospheric levels ?
  • Next decades will tell whether Ozone Layer truly
    replete
  • i.e. hole actually shrinking

Cl(2)-C-(F2)
31
  • FINAL Thoughts The World Ocean and U
  • U R almost DONE got your IN, your Q, Your
    Units . . .
  • R u Happy ?? Did u learn something?
  • Marine Environment- Think Globally - Act Locally
  • (set a GOOD example)
  • others will follow
  • We Can Make a Difference!!!
  • Starts with U
  • What can you do?
  • Dont by CFCs products
  • Use unleaded Gasoline
  • Reduce Carbon Footprint
  • RECYCLE
  • Anything else?

32
Respect Enjoy the Ocean ?
Have A Good Summer!
33
Fig. 14.2
34
Fig. 14.3
35
Fig. 14.4
36
Fig. 14.5
37
Fig. 14.6
38
Fig. 14.7
39
Fig. 14.8
40
Fig. 14.9
41
Fig. 14.10
42
Fig. 14.11
43
Fig. 14.12
44
Fig. 14.13
45
Fig. 14.15
46
Fig. 14.16
47
Fig. 14.17
48
Fig. 14.18
49
Fig. 14.20
50
PHOTOS
51
Opener
So Sfor confirmation purposes - please send her
a former landlord reference asap ok - this will
help to stabilize thingsT
52
Page 289
53
Figure 14a
54
Fig. 14.14
55
Fig. 14.19
56
Fig. 14.19.a
57
Fig. 14.19.b
58
Figure 14b
59
TABLES
60
Page 310
61
Page 311
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