Title: Ecological status of the River Tamiљ in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management practices for maintaining and enhancing the values of the River Tamiљ
1Ecological status of the River Tamiš in Serbia -
basis for development of the best water
management practices for maintaining and
enhancing the values of the River Tamiš
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
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Legislation Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
- Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Dept. Biology Ecology
2Integrated water resource management
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- Equitable use (including ecosystem as one of the
users?) - Taking into account all possible aspects and
viewpoints - UN Milenium Assessment 2005 concept of
ecosystem goods and services how to integrate
into integrated water resource management?
3Water Framework Directive (WFD)
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- Modern Bible of water management
- Ultimate goal good ecological chemical status
by 2015 - Phylosophy integrated management catchment
approach - River Basin Management Plans 2009 (first cycle),
iterations 2015 i 2021 - Special focus on protected areas (water
abstraction, Natura sites)
4 Danube River Basin- DRBDMP
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- ICPDR (Danube Convention, Serbia ratified, WFD
not mandatory, but commitment) based on Roof
Report 2004 - Plan contains
- Identification of significant pressures organic
pollution, nutrients, hazardous substances
(priority and DRB specific priority),
hydromorphological alterations) - Identification of HMWB
- Risk assessment (failure to achieve good status)
- Program of measures
- Horizontal and vertical integration with other
EU policy and legislation (Flood Directive,
IPPC, Nitrate, Urban Waste Water, Bird, Habitat,
Natura...)
5www.tamisproject.net
6Objectives
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- Analyses of physical, chemical and biological
quality elements needed for integrated assessment
of ecological and chemical status of the Srbian
section of the River Tamis - Basis for integrated water management plans
7Project activities - defined by the ToR
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- Hydrology, hiydromorphology
- Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses
- basic water quality parameters
- specific pollutants in water and sediment
- bioaccumulation in fish
- Biological quality elements
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phyto,
zooplankton, bottom fauna, fish and macrophytes - microbiology and chlorophyl a
- Physical analysis (radioactivity)
- Water, sediment, fish
8Hydrology (1)
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- DRBDMP Tamiš is an important Danube tributary
(gt 4000 km2), but not included into TNMN - Total length 395 km, Serbia 118 km
- Catchment 7500 km2, Serbia 1500 km2
- In Serbia only 1 tributary - Brzava
- Width 50-70 m, depth up to 7 m
- Connected with DTD (Botoš)
- Slope 0.002-0.006
- Discharge at the confluence with the River
Danube 50 m3/s - 3 weirs, 1 ship lock
9Hydrology (2)
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25 cm
Tomaševac N 45º 17,697, E 20º 38,539
30 cm
0-2 cm
15 cm
5-10 cm
0-5 cm
Farkaždin N 45º 11,045 , E 20º 28,916
Pancevo N 44º 52,635, E 20º 37,789,
40 cm
60 cm
5-10cm
10Hydrology (3)
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Organic matter content 2.1 8.2
11Hydromorphology (1)
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12Hydromorphology (2)
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- RHS report based on two indices
- Habitat Quality Assessment - HQA - describes the
diversity of river habitats and objects - Hydromorphological modification - HMS -
occurrence, frequency and importance of
modifications in the river bed / indicates the
level of anthropogenic alterations
13Hydromorphology (3)
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The River Tamis is being evaluated as medium to
significantly modified water body (HMC classes 3
and 4) In spite of all river regulations
undertaken in the past, the River Tamis can
still be regarded as a water body of high habitat
potential and diversity. Implementation of the
adaptive management might decrease HMC for an
order of magnitude
14Water chemistry - Basic water quality parameters
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Water quality at Jaša Tomic generally good (I
II class) At the sampling site upstream the city
of Pancevo, all water quality parameters exceed
the national environmental standards set for I-II
class as well as ICPDR target values
15Water chemistry- Water quality (2) nutrients
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Concentrations of nitrates and orthophosphate
exceed III-IV and V class, respectively
16Water chemistry - Metals in water
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Content of Cd, Pb, Hg and As within I/II class
values
17Water chemistrySpecific organic pollutants in
water
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- PAH
- benzo(b)fluoranthen, benzo(k)fluoranthen and
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (priority pollutants) and
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene i phenanthrene, were
detected in concentrations above the practical
quantisation limits. - Concentrations of Benzo(b)- and
benzo(k)fluoranthene remain below 15 ng/l - EU
environmental quality standard - Sum of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene - 15 ng/l comparison with
EU regulation not possible as it is set for the
sum of benzo(g,h,i)perylene and
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene - Phenanthrene along the river in spring and
summer up to 12 ng/l. - Te rest of PAHs lt2,0 ng/l and/or lt0,8 ng/l
- According to national regulations, content of
PAHs remains within the limits of water class
I-II - Organochlorine pesticids
- Heptachlorepoxside is the only organochlorine
pesticide detected (Jabuka, autumn) 8,76 ng/l
far bellow I/II class values (18 µg/l) set by
national regulations - All other pesticide lt5,0 ng/l and /or lt2,0 ng/l
According to contents of PAHs, organochlorine
pesticids and PCBs water of the river Tamiš can
be classified as I/II class
18Sediment qualityMetals in sediments
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As regard to contamination by hazardous
substances, sediment quality is generally good
19Sediment qualityMineral oils
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Mineral oils the highest load at the sampling
site Jasa Tomic-Secanj class 3 In samples from
other two sites remains within class 2 slightly
contaminated
20Sediment quality - PAHs
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Sediment not contaminated with PAHs
21Sediment qualityOrganochlorine pesticides and
PCBs
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Organochlorine pesticides - mainly class 0 and 1
Sediment not contaminated with PCBs
22(Eco)toxicology Metals in edible fish tissue
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No human health risk
23(Eco)toxicology PAHs in edible fish tissue
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No human health risk
24(Eco)toxicology PCBs and organochlorine
pesticidesin edible fish tissue
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No human health risk
25Physical analyses (1) Radionuclides in water
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radionuclides were not detected in the tested
samples
26Physical analyses (2) Radionuclides in sediments
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Dalmacija, B., Prica, M., Ivancev Tumbas, I.,
van der Kooij, A., Roncevic, S., Krcmar, D.,
Bikit, I, Teodorovic, I. (2006). Pollution of the
Begej Canal sediment metals, radioactivity and
toxicity assessment. Environment International,
32, 606 615.
The measured radioactivity didnt deviate from
usual values for agricultural soil in Vojvodina
No indication for the presence of depleted
uranium
27Physical analyses (3) Radionuclides in biota
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28Physical analyses (4) Radionuclides in biota
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No human health risk
29Biological quality elements - Vegetation (1)
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- The wetland and freshwater vegetation of Panonian
basin, predetermined by potential natural
vegetation type of Salici-Populetum, has been
changed recently due to the irrigation and human
pressure - Intrazonal submersed plant community
Ceratophylletum demersi and Myriophyllo-Potametum
- Submersed invasive species such as Elodea
Canadensis and Vallisneria spiralis overabundant
submersed vegetation is typically the result of
introduction of invasive species which
out-compete native plants, and grow unchecked by
authentic herbivores or parasites. - Floating vegetation is represented with a pioneer
community Salivinio-Spirodeletum polyrrizae and
typical Nymphaetum albo-lutae and Hydrochari
nimphoidetum peltatae fragments. - typical Phragmitetea species are present with a
somewhat similar presence level. Within this
group association of emerged vegetation of reed
in stagnant and slow-flowing waters
ScirpoPhragmitetum is dominating. - Serbian Red List taxa Trapa nattans agg and
Nymphae alba give a significant natural relevance
to the researched area
30Biological quality elements Vegetation (2)
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31Biological quality elements Vegetation (3)
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Corine 11 habitat types EUNIS classification
48 habitat types
32Biological quality elements Vegetation
habitats (4)
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Without L
With L stretch
33Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (1)
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Saprobic index beta-mezosaprobic type eg. II
water quality class
34Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (2)
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Chlorophyll a (mg/m3)
35Biological quality elements Zooplankton (1)
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- Zooplankton community is underdeveloped, which
particularly stands for euriplanktonic species. - Among the registered taxa, the majority belong to
phytophylic species. - The communities, regardless of sampling site and
the season, are dominated by the group Rotatoria.
- Group Cladocera is represented by phytophylic
species only. - Within the group Copepoda only larval stages
nauplius and copepodit have been recorded
36Biological quality elements Zooplankton (2)
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- Saprobic index ranged from oligo to ß
mezosaprobic. - Such a low values are most probably caused by the
dominance of phytophylic species which individual
saprobic value proved inadequate for such types
of water bodies. Therefore, it could be
speculated that the real saprobic status might be
considerably higher.
37Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (1)
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11 groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates
Group Oligochaeta - 13 species Djukic et al,
1987 - 6 oligochaeta species
38Biological quality elements - Bottom fauna (2)
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- Jaša Tomic in total 5 groups Bivalvia,
Oligochaeta, Diptera, Odonata i Trichoptera - Secanj in total 3 groups Bivalvia, Oligochaeta i
Diptera - Tomaševac in total 11 groups Amphipoda,
Bivalvia, Oligochaeta , Turbellaria, Hirudinea,
Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata, Trichoptera,
Gastropoda, Isopoda - Farkaždin in total 6 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia,
Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera, Trichoptera - Opovo in total 6 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia,
Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera i Odonata - Pancevo in total 5 groups Bivalvia, Gastropoda,
Hirudinea, Oligochaeta i Diptera
39Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (3)
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40Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (4)
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Principle group of macrozoobenthos Group
Oligochaeta Saprobic index (Pantle- Buck) a
mezosabrobic zone, water quality class III
41Biological quality elements Fish fauna (1)
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34 species PUJIN et al., 1987 20 species MALETIN
et al., 1998
28 species 22 genera 8 famillies
42Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (2)
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2 vulnerable, 6 rare, 11 common and 9 exotic
species Absolute value of fish fauna 28, relative
value 1.04.
43Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (3)
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Saprobic Index
44Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (4)
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45Biological quality elements -Fish fauna (5)
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Pike 1 - 3, sex ratio 31 Foultons
coefficient 0.9
Pike-perch 0 - 5, sex ratio 31 Foultons
coefficient 1.06 - 1.13
Asp 0 - 5, sex-ratio 11 Foultons coefficient
1.38 - 1.47
46Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (6)
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Bream 1 - 5, sex ratio 21 Foultons
coefficient 1.82 2.05
Blicca bjoerkna 0 - 5, sex ratio 11
Foultons coefficient 1.77 2.41
Carp 0 - 5, sex ratio 21 Foultons
coefficient 1.95 - 2.27
47Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (7)
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Goldfish 1 - 5, sex ratio 11 Foultons
coefficient 2.82 2.99
48Biological quality elements - Microbiology (1)
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IFA
I-II class slight organic pollution
Heterothrophs
49Biological quality elements - Microbiology (2)
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E.coli
Total coliforms (TC) II-III class Escherichia
coli II class
Total coliformes
50Concluding remarks (1)
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- Water quality at the border sampling site Jaša
Tomic is generally good (I II class), with the
exception of nitrate (III-IV class) and
orthophosphate (V class) concentrations. However,
at the sampling site upstream the city of
Pancevo, all water quality parameters exceed the
national environmental standards set for I-II
class as well as ICPDR target values. - The content of hazardous substances and priority
pollutants remain below the EQS. - Radionuclides have not been detected in water
column. - According to the saprobic index values based on
the structure and composition of phytoplankton
and fish fauna, the River Tamis belongs to
?-mezosaprobic type of waters (II class) along
the whole stretch, while values based on
zooplankton indicate even lower saprobic status -
oligo to ß mezosaprobic. - According to the number of heterotrophic
bacteria, the river Tamis water can be classified
into I-II class. - The total number of coliforms indicates II III
class, while the number of faecal coliforms
(Escherichia coli) reaches the values for
moderately polluted water bodies (II class).
51 Concluding remarks (2)
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- Sediment quality, at least regarding the content
of heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine
pesticides is good, but the statement does not
hold for arsenic and mineral oils. - Radionuclides fluctuate within a range typical
for soils and river sediments. - The sediment load along the river ranges from
0-10cm in the centre of the riverbed, to 40-60 cm
at the river banks. - It consists mainly of send, while silt and
organic matter content is low to medium. - Benthic fauna is dominated by the group of
Oligochaete - saprobic index values based upon
its structure and composition indicate a
mezosaprobic conditions (III class).
52Concluding remarks (3)
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- As far as the hydromorphological habitat
alterations are concerned, the River Tamis is
being evaluated as medium to significantly
modified water body (HMC classes 3 and 4). - In spite of all river regulations undertaken in
the past, the River Tamis can still be regarded
as a water body of high habitat potential and
diversity. - According to CORINE classification system, 11
habitat types can be distinguished along the
Serbian stretch of river Tamis. - Assessment using EUNIS classification system
resulted in a respectful 48 habitat types which
is considered as significant habitat diversity.
53Concluding remarks (4)
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- Good status of fish fauna (28 identified species,
which makes more than a third ever registered
species in Vojvodina) derives from generally
favourable ecological conditions along the River
Tamis, including sufficient number and diversity
of adequate habitats, ample quantities of
available food, favourable oxygen conditions and
good water quality, including absence of
potentially toxic substances. - There is no human health risk of fish consumption
as the content of hazardous substances and
radioactivity is far bellow all applicable
standards for dietary fish.
54 Shortcomings of the Study
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- Short study 10 month, 3 seasons indication of
the current status rather than trend analysis - Artificially divided to RO and SER section, what
about modern catchment approach? - Main river channel is not a river - the most
valuable sections not covered (as regard to
ecology and ecosystem approach) - 6 sampling sites for biological quality elements,
3 for physico-chemical parameters, some even not
matching impossible to establish longitudinal
gradient - Low No of samples, extremely high No of
parameters - Risk analysis not possible
55Recommendations
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- Regular monitoring and biomonitoring
- Careful selection of sampling sites
- Careful selection of parameters
- Integrated catchment approach
- Special attention oxbows, side arms and meanders
56Recommendations
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- Precondition consensus reached upon public
participation process on prioritization of
ecosystem services expected, followed by the
elaboration of measures needed to maintain
ecosystems goods and functions critical to reach
agreed ecosystem services