Ecological status of the River Tamiљ in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management practices for maintaining and enhancing the values of the River Tamiљ - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ecological status of the River Tamiљ in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management practices for maintaining and enhancing the values of the River Tamiљ

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Title: Ecological status of the River Tamiљ in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management practices for maintaining and enhancing the values of the River Tamiљ


1
Ecological status of the River Tamiš in Serbia -
basis for development of the best water
management practices for maintaining and
enhancing the values of the River Tamiš
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Ivana Teodorovic
  • University of Novi Sad
  • Faculty of Sciences
  • Dept. Biology Ecology

2
Integrated water resource management
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Equitable use (including ecosystem as one of the
    users?)
  • Taking into account all possible aspects and
    viewpoints
  • UN Milenium Assessment 2005 concept of
    ecosystem goods and services how to integrate
    into integrated water resource management?

3
Water Framework Directive (WFD)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Modern Bible of water management
  • Ultimate goal good ecological chemical status
    by 2015
  • Phylosophy integrated management catchment
    approach
  • River Basin Management Plans 2009 (first cycle),
    iterations 2015 i 2021
  • Special focus on protected areas (water
    abstraction, Natura sites)

4
Danube River Basin- DRBDMP
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • ICPDR (Danube Convention, Serbia ratified, WFD
    not mandatory, but commitment) based on Roof
    Report 2004
  • Plan contains
  • Identification of significant pressures organic
    pollution, nutrients, hazardous substances
    (priority and DRB specific priority),
    hydromorphological alterations)
  • Identification of HMWB
  • Risk assessment (failure to achieve good status)
  • Program of measures
  • Horizontal and vertical integration with other
    EU policy and legislation (Flood Directive,
    IPPC, Nitrate, Urban Waste Water, Bird, Habitat,
    Natura...)

5
www.tamisproject.net
6
Objectives
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Analyses of physical, chemical and biological
    quality elements needed for integrated assessment
    of ecological and chemical status of the Srbian
    section of the River Tamis
  • Basis for integrated water management plans

7
Project activities - defined by the ToR
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Hydrology, hiydromorphology
  • Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses
  • basic water quality parameters
  • specific pollutants in water and sediment
  • bioaccumulation in fish
  • Biological quality elements
  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phyto,
    zooplankton, bottom fauna, fish and macrophytes
  • microbiology and chlorophyl a
  • Physical analysis (radioactivity)
  • Water, sediment, fish

8
Hydrology (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • DRBDMP Tamiš is an important Danube tributary
    (gt 4000 km2), but not included into TNMN
  • Total length 395 km, Serbia 118 km
  • Catchment 7500 km2, Serbia 1500 km2
  • In Serbia only 1 tributary - Brzava
  • Width 50-70 m, depth up to 7 m
  • Connected with DTD (Botoš)
  • Slope 0.002-0.006
  • Discharge at the confluence with the River
    Danube 50 m3/s
  • 3 weirs, 1 ship lock

9
Hydrology (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
25 cm
Tomaševac N 45º 17,697, E 20º 38,539
30 cm
0-2 cm
15 cm
5-10 cm
0-5 cm
Farkaždin N 45º 11,045 , E 20º 28,916
Pancevo N 44º 52,635, E 20º 37,789,
40 cm
60 cm
5-10cm
10
Hydrology (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Organic matter content 2.1 8.2
11
Hydromorphology (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
12
Hydromorphology (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • RHS report based on two indices
  • Habitat Quality Assessment - HQA - describes the
    diversity of river habitats and objects
  • Hydromorphological modification - HMS -
    occurrence, frequency and importance of
    modifications in the river bed / indicates the
    level of anthropogenic alterations

13
Hydromorphology (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
The River Tamis is being evaluated as medium to
significantly modified water body (HMC classes 3
and 4) In spite of all river regulations
undertaken in the past, the River Tamis can
still be regarded as a water body of high habitat
potential and diversity. Implementation of the
adaptive management might decrease HMC for an
order of magnitude
14
Water chemistry - Basic water quality parameters
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Water quality at Jaša Tomic generally good (I
II class) At the sampling site upstream the city
of Pancevo, all water quality parameters exceed
the national environmental standards set for I-II
class as well as ICPDR target values
15
Water chemistry- Water quality (2) nutrients
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Concentrations of nitrates and orthophosphate
exceed III-IV and V class, respectively
16
Water chemistry - Metals in water
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Content of Cd, Pb, Hg and As within I/II class
values
17
Water chemistrySpecific organic pollutants in
water
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • PAH
  • benzo(b)fluoranthen, benzo(k)fluoranthen and
    indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (priority pollutants) and
    dibenzo(a,h)anthracene i phenanthrene, were
    detected in concentrations above the practical
    quantisation limits.
  • Concentrations of Benzo(b)- and
    benzo(k)fluoranthene remain below 15 ng/l - EU
    environmental quality standard
  • Sum of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and
    indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene - 15 ng/l comparison with
    EU regulation not possible as it is set for the
    sum of benzo(g,h,i)perylene and
    indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
  • Phenanthrene along the river in spring and
    summer up to 12 ng/l.
  • Te rest of PAHs lt2,0 ng/l and/or lt0,8 ng/l
  • According to national regulations, content of
    PAHs remains within the limits of water class
    I-II
  • Organochlorine pesticids
  • Heptachlorepoxside is the only organochlorine
    pesticide detected (Jabuka, autumn) 8,76 ng/l
    far bellow I/II class values (18 µg/l) set by
    national regulations
  • All other pesticide lt5,0 ng/l and /or lt2,0 ng/l

According to contents of PAHs, organochlorine
pesticids and PCBs water of the river Tamiš can
be classified as I/II class
18
Sediment qualityMetals in sediments
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
As regard to contamination by hazardous
substances, sediment quality is generally good
19
Sediment qualityMineral oils
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Mineral oils the highest load at the sampling
site Jasa Tomic-Secanj class 3 In samples from
other two sites remains within class 2 slightly
contaminated
20
Sediment quality - PAHs
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Sediment not contaminated with PAHs
21
Sediment qualityOrganochlorine pesticides and
PCBs
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Organochlorine pesticides - mainly class 0 and 1
Sediment not contaminated with PCBs
22
(Eco)toxicology Metals in edible fish tissue
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
No human health risk
23
(Eco)toxicology PAHs in edible fish tissue
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
No human health risk
24
(Eco)toxicology PCBs and organochlorine
pesticidesin edible fish tissue
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
No human health risk
25
Physical analyses (1) Radionuclides in water
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
radionuclides were not detected in the tested
samples
26
Physical analyses (2) Radionuclides in sediments
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Dalmacija, B., Prica, M., Ivancev Tumbas, I.,
van der Kooij, A., Roncevic, S., Krcmar, D.,
Bikit, I, Teodorovic, I. (2006). Pollution of the
Begej Canal sediment metals, radioactivity and
toxicity assessment. Environment International,
32, 606 615.
The measured radioactivity didnt deviate from
usual values for agricultural soil in Vojvodina
No indication for the presence of depleted
uranium
27
Physical analyses (3) Radionuclides in biota
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
28
Physical analyses (4) Radionuclides in biota
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
No human health risk
29
Biological quality elements - Vegetation (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • The wetland and freshwater vegetation of Panonian
    basin, predetermined by potential natural
    vegetation type of Salici-Populetum, has been
    changed recently due to the irrigation and human
    pressure
  • Intrazonal submersed plant community
    Ceratophylletum demersi and Myriophyllo-Potametum
  • Submersed invasive species such as Elodea
    Canadensis and Vallisneria spiralis overabundant
    submersed vegetation is typically the result of
    introduction of invasive species which
    out-compete native plants, and grow unchecked by
    authentic herbivores or parasites.
  • Floating vegetation is represented with a pioneer
    community Salivinio-Spirodeletum polyrrizae and
    typical Nymphaetum albo-lutae and Hydrochari
    nimphoidetum peltatae fragments.
  • typical Phragmitetea species are present with a
    somewhat similar presence level. Within this
    group association of emerged vegetation of reed
    in stagnant and slow-flowing waters
    ScirpoPhragmitetum is dominating.
  • Serbian Red List taxa Trapa nattans agg and
    Nymphae alba give a significant natural relevance
    to the researched area

30
Biological quality elements Vegetation (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
31
Biological quality elements Vegetation (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Corine 11 habitat types EUNIS classification
48 habitat types
32
Biological quality elements Vegetation
habitats (4)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Without L
With L stretch
33
Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Saprobic index beta-mezosaprobic type eg. II
water quality class
34
Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Chlorophyll a (mg/m3)
35
Biological quality elements Zooplankton (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Zooplankton community is underdeveloped, which
    particularly stands for euriplanktonic species.
  • Among the registered taxa, the majority belong to
    phytophylic species.
  • The communities, regardless of sampling site and
    the season, are dominated by the group Rotatoria.
  • Group Cladocera is represented by phytophylic
    species only.
  • Within the group Copepoda only larval stages
    nauplius and copepodit have been recorded

36
Biological quality elements Zooplankton (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Saprobic index ranged from oligo to ß
    mezosaprobic.
  • Such a low values are most probably caused by the
    dominance of phytophylic species which individual
    saprobic value proved inadequate for such types
    of water bodies. Therefore, it could be
    speculated that the real saprobic status might be
    considerably higher.

37
Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
11 groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates
Group Oligochaeta - 13 species Djukic et al,
1987 - 6 oligochaeta species
38
Biological quality elements - Bottom fauna (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Jaša Tomic in total 5 groups Bivalvia,
    Oligochaeta, Diptera, Odonata i Trichoptera
  • Secanj in total 3 groups Bivalvia, Oligochaeta i
    Diptera
  • Tomaševac in total 11 groups Amphipoda,
    Bivalvia, Oligochaeta , Turbellaria, Hirudinea,
    Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata, Trichoptera,
    Gastropoda, Isopoda
  • Farkaždin in total 6 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia,
    Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera, Trichoptera
  • Opovo in total 6 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia,
    Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera i Odonata
  • Pancevo in total 5 groups Bivalvia, Gastropoda,
    Hirudinea, Oligochaeta i Diptera

39
Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
40
Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (4)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Principle group of macrozoobenthos Group
Oligochaeta Saprobic index (Pantle- Buck) a
mezosabrobic zone, water quality class III
41
Biological quality elements Fish fauna (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
34 species PUJIN et al., 1987 20 species MALETIN
et al., 1998
28 species 22 genera 8 famillies
42
Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
2 vulnerable, 6 rare, 11 common and 9 exotic
species Absolute value of fish fauna 28, relative
value 1.04.
43
Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Saprobic Index
44
Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (4)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
45
Biological quality elements -Fish fauna (5)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Pike 1 - 3, sex ratio 31 Foultons
coefficient 0.9
Pike-perch 0 - 5, sex ratio 31 Foultons
coefficient 1.06 - 1.13
Asp 0 - 5, sex-ratio 11 Foultons coefficient
1.38 - 1.47
46
Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (6)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Bream 1 - 5, sex ratio 21 Foultons
coefficient 1.82 2.05
Blicca bjoerkna 0 - 5, sex ratio 11
Foultons coefficient 1.77 2.41
Carp 0 - 5, sex ratio 21 Foultons
coefficient 1.95 - 2.27
47
Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (7)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
Goldfish 1 - 5, sex ratio 11 Foultons
coefficient 2.82 2.99
48
Biological quality elements - Microbiology (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
IFA
I-II class slight organic pollution
Heterothrophs
49
Biological quality elements - Microbiology (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
E.coli
Total coliforms (TC) II-III class Escherichia
coli II class
Total coliformes
50
Concluding remarks (1)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Water quality at the border sampling site Jaša
    Tomic is generally good (I II class), with the
    exception of nitrate (III-IV class) and
    orthophosphate (V class) concentrations. However,
    at the sampling site upstream the city of
    Pancevo, all water quality parameters exceed the
    national environmental standards set for I-II
    class as well as ICPDR target values.
  • The content of hazardous substances and priority
    pollutants remain below the EQS.
  • Radionuclides have not been detected in water
    column.
  • According to the saprobic index values based on
    the structure and composition of phytoplankton
    and fish fauna, the River Tamis belongs to
    ?-mezosaprobic type of waters (II class) along
    the whole stretch, while values based on
    zooplankton indicate even lower saprobic status -
    oligo to ß mezosaprobic.
  • According to the number of heterotrophic
    bacteria, the river Tamis water can be classified
    into I-II class.
  • The total number of coliforms indicates II III
    class, while the number of faecal coliforms
    (Escherichia coli) reaches the values for
    moderately polluted water bodies (II class).

51
Concluding remarks (2)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Sediment quality, at least regarding the content
    of heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine
    pesticides is good, but the statement does not
    hold for arsenic and mineral oils.
  • Radionuclides fluctuate within a range typical
    for soils and river sediments.
  • The sediment load along the river ranges from
    0-10cm in the centre of the riverbed, to 40-60 cm
    at the river banks.
  • It consists mainly of send, while silt and
    organic matter content is low to medium.
  • Benthic fauna is dominated by the group of
    Oligochaete - saprobic index values based upon
    its structure and composition indicate a
    mezosaprobic conditions (III class).

52
Concluding remarks (3)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • As far as the hydromorphological habitat
    alterations are concerned, the River Tamis is
    being evaluated as medium to significantly
    modified water body (HMC classes 3 and 4).
  • In spite of all river regulations undertaken in
    the past, the River Tamis can still be regarded
    as a water body of high habitat potential and
    diversity.
  • According to CORINE classification system, 11
    habitat types can be distinguished along the
    Serbian stretch of river Tamis.
  • Assessment using EUNIS classification system
    resulted in a respectful 48 habitat types which
    is considered as significant habitat diversity.

53
Concluding remarks (4)
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Good status of fish fauna (28 identified species,
    which makes more than a third ever registered
    species in Vojvodina) derives from generally
    favourable ecological conditions along the River
    Tamis, including sufficient number and diversity
    of adequate habitats, ample quantities of
    available food, favourable oxygen conditions and
    good water quality, including absence of
    potentially toxic substances.
  • There is no human health risk of fish consumption
    as the content of hazardous substances and
    radioactivity is far bellow all applicable
    standards for dietary fish.

54
Shortcomings of the Study
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Short study 10 month, 3 seasons indication of
    the current status rather than trend analysis
  • Artificially divided to RO and SER section, what
    about modern catchment approach?
  • Main river channel is not a river - the most
    valuable sections not covered (as regard to
    ecology and ecosystem approach)
  • 6 sampling sites for biological quality elements,
    3 for physico-chemical parameters, some even not
    matching impossible to establish longitudinal
    gradient
  • Low No of samples, extremely high No of
    parameters
  • Risk analysis not possible

55
Recommendations
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Regular monitoring and biomonitoring
  • Careful selection of sampling sites
  • Careful selection of parameters
  • Integrated catchment approach
  • Special attention oxbows, side arms and meanders

56
Recommendations
Workshop Building Capacity Supporting the
Implementation of EU Nature Conservation
Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.
  • Precondition consensus reached upon public
    participation process on prioritization of
    ecosystem services expected, followed by the
    elaboration of measures needed to maintain
    ecosystems goods and functions critical to reach
    agreed ecosystem services
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