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Mesopotamia Egypt Middle East

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Title: Mesopotamia Egypt Middle East


1
MesopotamiaEgyptMiddle East
2
Mesopotamia
  • Tigris Euphrates Rivers
  • Fertile?flooding
  • Sumer?1st advanced civilization
  • 12 villages develop into City-States
  • Independent, self-governing community, city w/
    surrounding farmlands
  • Ziggurat--? of social economic life

3
Sumer
  • Wheel sail
  • Take advantage of water systems
  • Transportation trade
  • Bazaarcommon marketplace easier to barter
  • Cuneiform
  • Wedge-shaped

4
Sargon the Great
  • 2350 BC
  • 1st emperor (Akkad)
  • Conquered several areasbrought under control
  • Created 1st EMPIRE

5
Hammurabi
  • Mesopotamian
  • Assimilation of cultureselements continue
  • Code of Hammurabi
  • 1st written published set of laws
  • Womens rights? some

6
Mesopotamian Religion Law
  • Polytheismbelief in more than 1 god
  • Sumerian city-states believed they were owned by
    the gods
  • Gods chose rulers protected city-states
  • Much superstition

7
MesopotamiaEgyptMiddle East
8
Mesopotamia
  • Tigris Euphrates Rivers
  • Fertile?flooding
  • Sumer?1st advanced civilization
  • 12 villages develop into City-States
  • Independent, self-governing community, city w/
    surrounding farmlands
  • Ziggurat--? of social economic life

9
Sumer
  • Wheel sail
  • Take advantage of water systems
  • Transportation trade
  • Bazaarcommon marketplace easier to barter
  • Cuneiform
  • Wedge-shaped

10
Sargon the Great
  • 2350 BC
  • 1st emperor (Akkad)
  • Conquered several areasbrought under control
  • Created 1st EMPIRE

11
Mesopotamian Religion Law
  • Polytheismbelief in more than 1 god
  • Sumerian city-states believed they were owned by
    the gods
  • Gods chose rulers protected city-states
  • Much superstition

12
Mesopotamians Scholarship
  • Mathematics Astronomy
  • Multiplication/division
  • Geometry
  • System based on 60
  • 360 degrees in ?
  • 60 minutes in an hour
  • Based on star observations
  • 12 month calendar based on cycles of the moon

13
How do we know all this stuff?
  • The BEHISTUN ROCK
  • Found in 1840s in western Iran
  • 3 types of writing
  • Persian
  • Babylonian
  • Elamite
  • Henry Rawlinson

14
Egypt
  • Hired scribes kept records
  • Hieroglyphicssacred carving
  • Learn to write, for this will be of greater
    advantage to you than all the other trades.
  • How to translate?

15
Rosetta Stone
  • Napoleons Army Engineers1799
  • 3 kinds of writing
  • Hieroglyphics
  • Greek
  • Recent Egyptian script

16
Other guys in the Middle East
  • Hittites
  • Phoenicians
  • Hebrews
  • Assyrians
  • Babylonians
  • Lydians
  • Persians

17
Phoenicians
  • Main contributions
  • Sea vessels
  • Sailors, shipbuilders, merchants
  • Purple cloth
  • Clear glass
  • Writing system based on early alphabet

18
Hebrews
  • Monotheism
  • Hebrew religionJudaism
  • Torah1st 5 books of the Old Testament
  • Prophetsmessengers from God

19
Assyrians
  • Skilled/ruthless warriors
  • Iron weapons
  • War chariots
  • Battering rams
  • Terrorists
  • Built library _at_ Ninevah
  • Adopted religion, art, literature of Mesopotamia

20
Babylonians
  • Nebuchadnezzarenslaved Hebrews
  • Conquered much of Fertile Crescent
  • Hanging Gardens of Babylon
  • Rebuilt ziggurat of Marduk
  • Rebuilt Babylon into fabulous city

21
Lydians
  • Main contribution
  • Used coins for trade instead of direct barter
  • Standard weight of gold, silver, other metals
  • Molded into disks
  • Create MONEY ECONOMYeconomic system based on the
    use of money
  • What is money?

22
Persians
  • 547 BC
  • Cyrus the Great
  • Largest empire in the ancient world
  • Released Hebrews from captivity
  • Conquered rest of Fertile Crescent
  • Conquered Asia Minor

23
Persia
  • Darius the Great
  • Extended Persia into North Africa
  • Failed in conquest of Greece 490 BC
  • However Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Judea,
    Phoenicia, Hittites, Lydians under 1 rule
  • BIG AREAhow to control?

24
Persia
  • Main contributions
  • Improved/extended roads
  • Unified use of coins
  • Unified weights measures
  • Government officials spoke same languageAramaic
  • Postal system (pony express)
  • Zoroastrianismhumans have choice between doing
    good doing evil good will triumph at the end
    of the world (destroyed by fire)

25
Mesopotamians Scholarship
  • Mathematics Astronomy
  • Multiplication/division
  • Geometry
  • System based on 60
  • 360 degrees in ?
  • 60 minutes in an hour
  • Based on star observations
  • 12 month calendar based on cycles of the moon

26
How do we know all this stuff?
  • The BEHISTUN ROCK
  • Found in 1840s in western Iran
  • 3 types of writing
  • Persian
  • Babylonian
  • Elamite
  • Henry Rawlinson

27
Egypt
  • Society based on Nile River3 seasons
  • Flood
  • Drying out to pre-flood levels
  • Rainless time before flood
  • Transportation
  • Adjacent deserts protects Egypt from enemies

28
Egypt
  • Religion
  • Polytheistic
  • Amon-Re
  • Life after death (mummification belongings)
  • 3100 BC Menes formed 1 kingdom
  • Memphiscapital
  • Established 1st dynastyfamily of rulers

29
Important!!Pharaohs individual power weakened
from time to time, but the empire always
continued. This changed when Alexander the
Great invaded in 300BC.
30
Constants to rememberEmpire starts, empire
builds and increases, empire decays from within
(corrupt rulers, natural disasters, etc.), empire
dies.The culture remains!
31
Egypt
  • Hired scribes kept records
  • Hieroglyphicssacred carving
  • Learn to write, for this will be of greater
    advantage to you than all the other trades.
  • How to translate?

32
Rosetta Stone
  • Napoleons Army Engineers1799
  • 3 kinds of writing
  • Hieroglyphics
  • Greek
  • Recent Egyptian script

33
Other guys in the Middle East
  • Hittites
  • Phoenicians
  • Hebrews
  • Assyrians
  • Babylonians
  • Lydians
  • Persians

34
Hittites
  • Main contribution
  • Iron weapons
  • Kept secret about 200 years
  • Empire decline
  • IRON AGE?today

35
Phoenicians
  • Main contributions
  • Sea vessels
  • Sailors, shipbuilders, merchants
  • Purple cloth
  • Clear glass
  • Writing system based on early alphabet

36
Hebrews
  • Monotheism
  • Hebrew religionJudaism
  • Torah1st 5 books of the Old Testament
  • Prophetsmessengers from God

37
Assyrians
  • Skilled/ruthless warriors
  • Iron weapons
  • War chariots
  • Battering rams
  • Terrorists
  • Built library _at_ Ninevah
  • Adopted religion, art, literature of Mesopotamia

38
Babylonians
  • Nebuchadnezzarenslaved Hebrews
  • Conquered much of Fertile Crescent
  • Hanging Gardens of Babylon
  • Rebuilt ziggurat of Marduk
  • Rebuilt Babylon into fabulous city

39
Lydians
  • Main contribution
  • Used coins for trade instead of direct barter
  • Standard weight of gold, silver, other metals
  • Molded into disks
  • Create MONEY ECONOMYeconomic system based on the
    use of money
  • What is money?

40
Persians
  • 547 BC
  • Cyrus the Great
  • Largest empire in the ancient world
  • Released Hebrews from captivity
  • Conquered rest of Fertile Crescent
  • Conquered Asia Minor

41
Persia
  • Darius the Great
  • Extended Persia into North Africa
  • Failed in conquest of Greece 490 BC
  • However Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Judea,
    Phoenicia, Hittites, Lydians under 1 rule
  • BIG AREAhow to control?

42
Persia
  • Main contributions
  • Improved/extended roads
  • Unified use of coins
  • Unified weights measures
  • Government officials spoke same languageAramaic
  • Postal system (pony express)
  • Zoroastrianismhumans have choice between doing
    good doing evil good will triumph at the end
    of the world (destroyed by fire)
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