Routing For Wireless Sensor Networks

1
Routing For Wireless Sensor Networks

• ???? ???
• ?? ??????
• ?? ???
• ?? 493515157
• ?? ???

2
?????????1/2 (Wireless Sensor Networks)

• ???????, ????????, ???????????????,????????
  (Sensor)???????????????????????????????????????,??
  ?????????,?????????????????????????????(base
  station) ?
• ???????????????,????????????????????????????
  ????????????
• ???????, ??????, ????????,
  ????????????,????????????,???????????
  (routing)????????????????????????

3
?????????2/2 (Wireless Sensor Networks)

• ??
• ???? Sensor Network???????Ad Hoc
  Network
• (???????)?
• ???? Sensor Network ????? ?
• ??? Sensor Network?????,??????????
• ????? ????1??, ?????
• Network Topology????
• ??????
• ??????/??data aggregation /fusion)??????????
• ?????Identification.

4
??(Applications)

• ????????????
• ???? ????, ????,????, ??????????
• ???? ???????????????,????
• ???? ??????????
• ???? ????, ????, ????
• ???? ??????,??, ????

5
Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol ?

• Network Topology?????????????,
• Network Topology????,??(proactive)??????
• ????????(on-demand)?????????????
• ?,???, Network Topology??, ????????
• ??
• 1. ?MANET??????????,?Sensor Network??
• ???????,?????????
• 2. ????????????????????,????
• ??Sink?????????????????

6
Example

• Ad Hoc???,???????(routing protocol)DSR(Dynamic
  Source Routing) and
• AODV(Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
  Routing)????????Sensor Network?
• Sensor Network??????????,??????????,???????????
  ?????,???????????(data aggregation)?????(data
  fusion)?
• ?Ad Hoc?????DSR?AODV????????????,???????????????
  ????

7
????(routing protocol)

• ??Wireless Sensor Network ????????,
  ????identification???, ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• SPIN(Sensor Protocols for Information via
  Negotiation)
• DD(Directed Diffusion)
• LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)
• GeRaf(Geographic Random Forwarding)
• Medium Access Control,MAC
• S-MAC
• ???????

8
SPIN(Sensor Protocols for Information via
Negotiation)

• ????????(flooding)?????????????
• ????????????????????????,???????????(meta-data)???
  ????(information descriptor)??????
• ???????????????????????????????,??????????(???
  ???????????????)?????????????????????

9
????(directed diffusion)

• ????(directed diffusion)???????????(data-centric)?
  ???
• ??????????????????,???????????????
• ?????,???????????(query),????????????????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????????(??????????),????????????????,????????????
  ???????

10
LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)

• LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering
  Hierarchy)????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????(Cluster)?
• ????????????????????(cluster
  head)?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????LEACH?????????????,????????????

11
GeRaf(Geographic Random Forwarding)

• GeRaf(Geographic Random Forwarding)???????????????
  ???????GeRaF?????????????????????????,???????????(
  ???????)???????????????????????,??????????????????
  ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???????????????GeRaF???????????????????,??????????
  ??????????????????????????????,??GeRaF????????????
  ???,?????????????????????????????MAC(Medium
  Access Control)(????????????)??,?????????????

12
??????(Medium Access Control,MAC)

• ????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????,???????????????????
  ???????????1??100??????????????????3000???????????
  ?????????MAC????????

13
S-MAC

• S-MAC??????????IEEE 802.11?MAC????????????????????
  ????(sleeping schedule) ?S-MAC????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????

14
???????

• 4. ???????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????,???????????(sensing
  coverage)??????,?????????????
• S-MAC?????????IEEE802.11 MAC?,??????????(random)??
  ????????????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ????????????????????????

15
??

• ??????
• 1. ???????
• 2. ?????????????,?????????
• 3. ???????

16
????1/6

• http//www.cm.nctu.edu.tw/Chinese/index.php
• D.r ???, ??????(Wireless Ad hoc Network)
• ???/??? ???????(Survey of Wireless Sensor
  Network)
• http//www.meshnetworks.com/index.htm
• http//robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/pister/SmartDus
  t
• http//webs.cs.berkeley.edu/nest-index.html
• http//www.janet.ucla.edu/WINS
• http//www.coees.org , http//eps.syr.edu
• http//www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn
• http//bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Pico_Radio/
  PN3
• http//nms.lcs.mit.edu/projects/leach
• http//www.cs.cornell.edu/database/cougar/index.ht
  m

17
????2/6

• 1 C. Perkins, Ad Hoc Networks,
  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2000
• 2 D. Johnson, D. Maltz, Y-C. Hu and J.
  Jetcheva, The dynamic source routing protocol
  for mobile ad hoc networks, Internet Draft,
  Internet Engineering Task Force, Mar. 2001,
  http//www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-man
  et-dsr-05.txt.
• 3 C. Perkins, E. Royer, and S. Das, Ad hoc
  on-demand distance vector (aodv) routing,
  Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force,
  Mar. 2001, http//www.itef.org/internet-drafts/dra
  ft-ietf-manet-aodv-08.txt.
• 4 I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam,
  E. Cayirci, Wireless sensor network a
  survey,Computer Networks , vol. 38, pp. 393-422,
  2002.
• 5 C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J.
  Heidemann, F. Silva, Directed diffusion for
  wireless sensor networking, IEEE/ACM
  Transactions on Networking, vol. 11, no. 1, pp.
  2-16, Feb. 2003.
• 6 M. Zorzi, and R. R. Rao, Geographic Random
  Forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor
  networks energy and latency performance, to
  appear in the IEEE Transactions on Mobile
  Computing, vol. 2, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 2003.
• 7 K. Sohrabi, J. Gao, V. Ailawadhi, G.J.
  Pottie, Protocols for self-organization of a
  wireless sensor network, IEEE Personal
  Communications, pp. 16-27, Oct. 2000.
• 8 W. Ye, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin, An
  energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor
  networks, IEEE INFOCOM 2002, pp. 1567-1576,
  2002.
• 9 D. Tian and N. D. Georganas, A
  coverage-preserving node scheduling scheme for
  large wireless sensor networks, in Proceedings
  of the first ACM international workshop on
  Wireless sensor networks and applications, pp.
  32-41, 2002.
• 10 J. Deng, Y. S. Han, B. Heinzelman, and P. K.
  Varshney, Scheduling Sleeping Nodes in High
  Density Cluster-based Sensor Networks, submitted
  to the IEEE International Conference on
  Communications 2004.
• 11 W. Du, J. Deng, Y. S. Han, and P. K.
  Varshney, A Witness-Based Approach for Data
  Fusion Assurance in Wireless Sensor Networks,"
  IEEE 2003 Global Communications Conference
  (Globecom'2003), San Francisco, CA, December,
  2003.
• 12 K. Sohrabi and G. J. Pottie, Performance of
  a novel self-organization protocol for wireless
  ad hoc sensor network, in Proceedings of the
  IEEE 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1999,
  pp. 1222-1226.
• 13 A. Perrig, R. Szewczyk, V. Wen, D. Culler,
  J.D. Tygar, SPINS Security protocols for sensor
  networks, Mobile Computing and Networking 2001
  Rome, Italy, ACM

18
????3/6

• ??????????????????
• ?????????????
• Smart Dust Project
• ??????U.C. Berkeley
• HTTP location http//robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/
  pister/SmartDust
• ??????2000???,????????DARPA??, ??????????????
• 1. Macro mote????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????20???????????
  ?????????(????1 duty cycling????????)?
• 2. Laser mote?????21???????????????,?????????????
  ?Berkeley?
• 3. Corner Cube Reflector (CCR) moteCCR
  mote?MEMS???,???????????????????Smart
  Dust???????????????????
• 4. Mini mote Mini mote?????RF mote(??????)???????
  ???????????????????
• 5. MALT?????????????????????(steerable laser
  beam communication) ,??????????????MALT??????
• 6. weC???????????Mini mote???????????????????????
  ?(reprogrammed wirelessly) ?
• 7. IrDA??????,??????????????
• ??????,?Smart Dust??????????????????Intel??????C
  rossbow Technology,??Crossbow Technology?Smart
  Dust??????,???????????
• ??U.C. Berkeley?Smart Dust??????????????????,NES
  T???????Smart Dust???????????

19
????4/6

• NEST (Network Embedded System Technology) Project
• ??????U.C. Berkeley?Intel
• HTTP location http//webs.cs.berkeley.edu/nest-in
  dex.html
• ??????????
• 1. TinyOS
• -?????????????????
• -???????????????????????????
• -??????????????????????????
• -?component-based?????????????
• -TinyOS 1.10???2003?9???????
• 2. TOSSIM?TinyOS?????
• 3. Mate?TinyOS?????????
• 4. TinyDB???????TinyOS?????????????
• 5. NesC?TinyOS????????
• 6. Great Duck Island???????????????????
• 7. Ivy?????Berkeley? College of
  Engineering???????????
• 8. CostBots?????????????????????????
• 9. TinySEC??????????????????

20
????5/6

• Multi-domain Power aware Sensors)
• ??????Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• HTTP location http//www-mtl.mil.edu/research/ics
  ystems/uamps
• ?DARPA?ARL Collaborative Technology
  Alliance?Texas Instruments????????
• ??????????????????power-aware???????????????????
  ,???????????????????????(lifetime)??????
• µAMPS-I?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??(physical layer)??????(data link layer)
  ?????????????
• µAMPS-II??????????????????????????????
• 1. 10 MIPS Energy-scalable????DSP?
• 2. ??DSP????????????????????
• 3. ??????????????????????
• 4. ??????power-awareness??????????10m?1km?????????
  1Mbps????
• 5. ??????????,??????????100µW?

21
????6/6

• WINS (Wireless Integrated Network sensors)
• ??????UCLA??????
• HTTP location http//www.janet.ucla.edu/WINS
• ??????Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
  (DARPA) ?Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
  Laboratories program?????
• ????Rockwell Science Center?????
• WINS?????? Low Power Wireless Integrated
  Microsystems (LWIM) ???
• WINS???1998?9?24??House Science
  Committee?????????????
• WINS????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,?????????????????????WINS????????????????????????
  ??????????????