Title: What was the first English settlement in North America? Why was it founded?
1What was the first English settlement in North
America? Why was it founded?
- Jamestown, to establish a colony well suited for
growing tobacco in the Chesapeake region
2Why did the Puritans want to leave England? What
boat did they travel on? What was their purpose?
- religious persecution, the Mayflower, to form a
perfect community through their covenant with God
3Name 2 characteristics of the New England
colonies.
- education, small farms, harbor cities,
Puritanically based morals and religion
4Name 2 characteristics of the middle colonies.
- religious tolerance, commerce, craftsmanship,
heavy Dutch influence, big cities like New York
and Philadelphia
5Name 2 characteristics of the southern colonies.
- Loyalty to the crown, plantations cash crops,
low population density, controlled by small group
of wealthy plantation owners
6What religious movement was focused on getting an
emotional response from its audience? What was
its non-religious impact?
- Great Awakening, caused people to start thinking
more democratically and questioning authority
7How did this movement help feed revolutionary
fervor?
- equality in the eyes of God, pushed people to
think democratically
8Which enlightenment thinker pushed for a three
branch government and a system of checks and
balances?
9Which enlightenment thinker was an advocate for
the protection of natural rights (life,
liberty, property) and the idea that people
should overthrow a government that does not
protect these rights?
10Which enlightenment thinker pushed a social
contract that emphasized government by the
general will?
11Which Enlightenment thinker was a serious
advocate for civil liberties like freedom of
religion, speech, and the press?
12What did Thomas Paine argue in his pamphlet
Common Sense?
- That the time had come to declare our independence
13What is the name for the British policy of lax
enforcement of colonial navigation and trade
restrictions? When did they end this policy?
- Salutary neglect, after the French and Indian War
14Why did the British begin taxing the colonists in
1763?
- pay for the debts they ran up in the French
Indian (or 7 yrs.) War
15What was the first major tax placed on the
colonists after the Seven Years War? Why did
many colonists feel taxation was unfair?
- Stamp Act, colonists felt they had no
representation in Parliament
16Name two ways the colonists protested this tax.
- boycotts, demonstrations, harassment of public
officials, formed groups like Sons of Liberty
17What British law required colonists to feed and
house British soldiers?
- Quartering Act, a form of taxation that was
resented by the colonists
18What group of colonists wanted to remain loyal to
Great Britain? Why?
- Tories/Loyalists, strength of empire, rights as
British citizens, etc.
19Who led the mob to the Customs House to set off
the Boston Massacre in 1770? What organization
was he from?
- Samuel Adams, Sons of Liberty
20How did the British respond to the Boston Tea
Party in 1774?
- Intolerable (Coercive) Acts (in these the British
closed the port of Boston, took over the MA
govt, quartered soldiers in colonists homes)
21What group called made the decision to split with
Britain and called for the Declaration of
Independence?
- Second Continental Congress
- Declaration signed on July 4, 1776
22Who was the primary author of the Declaration of
Independence? Who were his two primary
Enlightenment influences?
- Thomas Jefferson, Locke and Voltaire
23What were the two main purposes of the
Declaration of Independence?
- Establish the ideology behind revolution and list
grievances vs. King George and Parliament
24Where was the first actual fighting of the
Revolutionary war? Why did it happen?
- Lexington and Concord, British sent troops to
arrest colonial leaders and clashed with Minutemen
25What Colonial victory brought increased support
from the French? Why were the French willing to
help us?
- Saratoga, French were hoping to regain influence
in North America theyd lost in 7 yrs war
26What was the British strategy at the start of the
Revolutionary War?
- Take control of New York (esp. Hudson River) and
cut off Massachusetts from the rest of the
Colonies
27What was the freezing cold low point for the
Continental Army? Why was it significant?
- Valley Forge, it showed the Colonial Armys
resolve in sticking with it and winning the war
28Where did the British surrender to Washington?
What Treaty officially gave us our independence?
- Yorktown, Treaty of Paris (1783)
29What document set up our nations first national
government? What was the basic configuration of
this government?
- Articles of Confederation, loose Confederation of
states run by a unicameral legislature
30Name two weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation.
- no power to tax, no power to coin money, no
executive branch, weak central government
31What was the significance of Shays Rebellion
(1786)?
- Demonstrated the weaknesses of the government
under the Articles of Confederation, showed govt
couldnt respond effectively to crisis
32How did the Connecticut Compromise help create
our Congress?
- It established a bicameral (2 house)Congress with
rep by population in the House of Reps and equal
rep in the Senate
33Who appoints Justices Ambassadors? Who
approves them?
34What branch has the power to veto propose
legislation?
- Executive (the President)
35How did the Constitutional Convention resolve the
issue of slavery?
- 3/5 Compromise which made every 5 slaves count
for 3 people when counting a states population
3641) Which part of the Constitution gives Congress
to make all laws deemed necessary and proper?
37What determines the number of representatives
that a state gets in the House of Reps.? In the
Senate?
- its population (each state has Congressional
Districts), each state gets two Senators
(originally chosen by state legislatures now by
people of each state)
38Who has the power to enforce laws?
- President (Executive Branch)
39Who has the power to declares laws/acts
unconstitutional?
- Judicial Branch, headed by the Supreme Court
40What is the group of the Presidents advisors
called? Who were the two most influential
advisors to President Washington?
- Cabinet, Hamilton (Treasury) Jefferson (State)
41Who has the power to tax and declare war?
42How many amendments are included in the Bill of
Rights? What group pushed for it? Why?
- 10, Anti-Federalists they were afraid the new
national govt would be too powerful and infringe
on the rights of the people
43What amendment protects you from unlawful search
seizure?
44Which amendment protects your right to bear arms?
45What right do some people feel is violated by the
Death Penalty?
- No cruel or unusual punishment (8th)
46What amendment protects the rights of the accused?
47What amendment protects you from
self-incrimination?
48What freedoms are guaranteed by the First
Amendment?
- Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition
49What was Hamiltons (Federalist Party) vision for
America?
- A country based on manufacturing and a strong
central government, national bank, lots of
commerce
50What was Jeffersons (Democratic-Republican
Party) vision for America?
- Agricultural society, everybody owns land,
individual rights, weak central govt
51What did Washington warn against in his farewell
address as he left office after his second term?
- The formation of political parties, which pretty
much happened right away after he left (Feds and
Dem-Reps)
52What laws were passed by the Federalists in 1798
to limit opposition to the government and slow
membership in the Dem-Reps?
53Why was Jeffersons election in 1800 significant?
- Peaceful transition of power from Federalists to
Democratic Republicans, tie vote decided in House
of Reps
54Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana
Territory? Why did he send them?
- Lewis Clark, promote the territory build
excitement about the West
55How did we get sucked in to the war of 1812?
- GB France were at war were caught in the
middle (impressment, blockades, etc.)
56What were the key outcomes of the War of 1812?
- Brits give up so we win, survive first big
foreign policy crisis, establish ourselves as a
truly independent nation
57What was the basic message that the Monroe
Doctrine sent to Europe? Why was this
significant?
- stay out of our hemisphere well stay out of
yours , sets the course for U.S. foreign policy
in Latin America (Nationalist Diplomacy)
58Who was the first President to supposedly
represent the common man? What party did he help
build?
- Andrew Jackson, the Democrats
59Identify two things Jackson was famous for.
- Trail of Tears, vetoing Natl Bank, spoils
system, bare knuckle politics, expanding the
use of Presidential Power
60What major economic transformation occurred
during the Age of Jackson?
- Market Revolution, our economy became a modern
market based economy