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INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: Real-Time Vehicle Performance Monitoring Using Wireless Networking Will Jenkins, Ron Lewis, Georgios Lazarou – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS:


1
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Real-Time Vehicle Performance MonitoringUsing
Wireless Networking
Will Jenkins, Ron Lewis, Georgios Lazarou Joseph
Picone, Zach Rowland Human and Systems Engineering
2
Abstract
  • Cornerstone of next generation intelligent
    transportation systems (ITS)
  • seamless integration of in-vehicle networking
    with existing wireless telephony infrastructure
  • remote access to on-board diagnostics and
    performance data.

Though many systems integrate position tracking
and wireless networking to allow for remote
position tracking, few systems provide the
capability to monitor vehicle performance over
the web. Our design is based on
  • a popular new standard for wireless
    communications GSM/GPRS
  • an in-vehicle standard for diagnostic
    information, OBD-II, is used to gather
    performance data
  • GPS technology to provide vehicle location
  • Apaches Tomcat extensions to provide Internet
    access via a vehicle tracking web site.

The system is being used to track the campus bus
system atMississippi State University in
Starkville, Mississippi, U.S.A.
3
  • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
  • Relies heavily on vehicle communication systems
    including peer-to-peer and peer-to-base station
    communications
  • Incorporates seamless integration of in-vehicle
    networking with existing wireless telephony
  • Uses networks of collaborative vehicles to
    optimize traffic flow and provide dynamic routing
    capability (intelligent network)

4
System Overview
Wireless Network
Web / Database Server
5
  • Extensible Vehicle Performance Monitoring System
  • Incorporates Global Positioning System (GPS)
    technology for vehicle location
  • Exploits capabilities of Global System for Mobile
    Communications (GSM) and General Packet Radio
    Service (GPRS)
  • Based on existing in-vehicle automotive standards
    (e.g., OBD-II, SAE J1850, and SAE J1979)

6
  • Global Positioning System
  • 24 geostationary satellites orbiting at an
    elevation of 11,000 miles
  • Originally developed for military use only
  • Triangulates position to an accuracy within 15
    meters using at least four satellites

7
  • GSM/GPRS Wireless Network
  • Digitally encodes voice signals using the GSM
    06.10 compressor models at 13kbps
  • Uses time division multiple access (TDMA)
  • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) data
    communication layer over a GSM wireless
    transmission link with a theoretical data
    transfer speed of 171.2 Kbps
  • Packet format allows for full compatibility with
    existing Internet services

8
In-Vehicle Networking (OBD-II)
  • Monitors most electrical systems

Protocol Signal Type(s) Manufacturer
SAE J1850 VPW Variable Pulse Width Modulation General Motors
SAE J1850 PWM Pulse Width Modulation Ford
ISO 9141-2 Two Serial Lines Half-duplex (L) Full-duplex (K) European, Asian, and Chrysler
9
Generation 1 COTS Prototype
  • Operates on all OBD-II protocols specified in SAE
    J1850
  • Laptop with two COM ports (RS232) and a 16-bit
    compatible PCMCIA port

10
Data Collection Software
  • OBD-II data is retrieved by continuously polling
    the system
  • OBD-II data is identified by generic parameter
    identifications or PIDs specified in SAE J1979
    standard
  • Speed, Engine RPM, Calculated Throttle Position
    Sensor (TPS), Engine Load, Engine Coolant
    Temperature, and Air Intake Pressure

11
Data Collection Software
  • The communication protocol is set based on
    vehicle protocol.
  • Specified PIDs are polled continuously
  • The GPS data is gathered simultaneously.
  • NMEA GPRMC sentence contains UTC data, longitude,
    and latitude.
  • The data is then sent to the server via GSM/GPRS.
  • The GPS signal is used as the trigger for data
    transmission.

12
Web and Database Server
  • Separate database for real-time and stored data
    are maintained

Table Contents
Stops Label and GPS coordinates
Routes Label and list of topology in-order of traversal
Buses Current location
13
Map\EOP Interface
  • Shows vehicle location on a digital map
  • Route information is available
  • Engine operating parameters can be viewed in
    real-time on dashboard-like gauges

14
Generation 2 Campus Bus Network Pilot
  • Geographical Information System (GIS) providing
    faster map rendering based on GPS coordinates.
  • Deployment for campus shuttles scheduled for
    Spring 2005.

15
Summary and Future Work
  • Prototyped a real-time vehicle performance
    monitoring system which exploits existing
    wireless networking technology

16
References
  • L. Figueiredo, I. Jesus, J.A.T. Machado, J.R.
    Ferreira, J.L. Martins de Carvalho, Towards the
    Development of Intelligent Transportation
    Systems. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems
    Proceedings, Oakland, CA, 2001, 25-29.
  • Garmin. What is GPS. online. Available
    http//www.garmin.com/aboutGPS/index.html
  • T. Yunck, G. Lindal, C. Liu, The role of GPS in
    precise Earth observation, Position Location and
    Navigation Symposium, Dec. 1988, 251-258
  • GSMWorld. online. Available http//www.gsmworld
    .com/technology/faq.shtml
  • J. Cai, D. Goodman, General Packet Radio in GSM,
    IEEE Communications Magazine, 35(10), 1997, pp
    122-131.
  • S. Godavarty, S. Broyles and M. Parten,
    Interfacing to the On-board Diagnostic System,
    Proceedings Vehicular Technology Conference Vol.
    4, pp. 2000-2004, 24-28 Sept. 2000.
  • SAE J 1850 May 2001, Class B Data Communication
    Network Interface, 2004 SAE Handbook, SAE
    International, 2004.
  • SAE J 1979 April 2002, E/E Diagnostic Test Modes
    Equivalent to ISO/DIS 15031 April 30, 2002, 2004
    SAE Handbook, SAE International, 2004.
  • NMEA 0183 Standard for Interfacing Marine
    Electronic Devices, Version 2.0, National Marine
    Electronics Association, Mobile, AL, January
    1992.
  • J. Brittain, I.F. Darwin, Tomcat the definitive
    guide (O'Reilly, 2003).
  • K. English, L. Feaster, Community geography GIS
    in action (ESRI Press, 2003).
  • MARIS. online. Available http//www.maris.state
    .ms.us/index.html

17
  • Questions

18
In-Vehicle Networking (OBD-II)
  • The 1990 Clean Air Act and the Environmental
    Protection Agency established strict emission
    standards and inspection/maintenance (I/M)
    programs.
  • The Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE)
    produced a set of automotive standards and
    practices that regulated the development of
    diagnostic systems that would check for emission
    violations.
  • These standards were expanded to create the
    on-board diagnostic system OBD-II
  • In 1996, the EPA adopted these standards and
    practices and mandated their installation in all
    light-duty vehicles.

19
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