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Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?

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Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction? Aron Geelan Adam Kirkpatrick Introduction Definitions Electric vs. Internal Combustion Timeline for Hybrid ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?


1
Hybrid Cars How have they improved since
introduction?
  • Aron Geelan
  • Adam Kirkpatrick

2
Introduction
  • Definitions
  • Electric vs. Internal Combustion
  • Timeline for Hybrid technology development
  • The Batteries
  • Study Insight vs. Prius
  • The Future

3
Definitions
  • Combustion vs. Electric (http//auto.howstuffworks
    .com/hybrid-car1.htm)
  • Parallel vs. Series Hybrid (http//auto.howstuffwo
    rks.com/hybrid-car2.htm)
  • Honda Insight
  • Toyota Prius
  • Full Hybrid
  • Mild Hybrid
  • Stop/Start Hybrid
  • Integrated Starter Alternator with Damping (ISAD)
  • Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)
  • Plug-in Hybrid

4
Electric Motor
  • Lots of torque
  • Zero emissions
  • Tax breaks
  • No transmission needed
  • Starts more efficiently
  • Can turn off motor when you stop

5
Gasoline
  • Higher energy density than batteries
  • 1,000 pounds of batteries 1 gallon (7 pounds)
    of gas
  • Cheaper initial cost for car
  • Hybrids are 3500-5000 more
  • Reliable, more history

6
Cost Per Mile Electric vs. Gas
7
Timeline
  • 1839 First electric vehicle
  • 1886 Electric powered taxicab in England
  • 1890-1910 Significant improvements in battery
    technology (lead-acid, nickel-iron)
  • 1898 Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid

8
Timeline
  • 1900 Pieper introduced hybrid
  • 1905 Gas-Electric car
  • 1970s Arab oil embargo hybrid VW Taxi
  • 1979 hybrid car built with lawnmower engine
  • 1991 US Advanced Battery Consortium launched
    major program to produce super battery

9
Timeline
  • 1997 Toyota Prius available in Japan
  • 1999 Honda Insight released in US (70 mpg)
  • 2000 Toyota Prius available in US
  • 2002 Honda Civic Hybrid introduced
  • 2004 Toyota Prius II introduced Ford Escape
    Hybrid introduced

10
The Batteries Behind It All
  • Early Prius and Insight NiMH D Cells
  • Stick Arrangement
  • (http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_maru.ht
    ml)

11
Prismatic Ni-MH
  • 15 pack volume reduction
  • 25 pack weight reduction
  • Less battery module per pack number

12
Metal Case Prismatic Ni-MH
  • Improvement
  • 14 less volume
  • 40 higher cooling

(http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_kinnzok
u.html)
13
ECU
  • Electronic Control Unit
  • Regulates temperature and state of charge
  • Ensures safe and reliable driving

http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_bms.html
14
Study Battery Usage and Thermal Performance of
Prius and Insight
  • Honda Insight vs. Toyota Prius

15
Charge, Discharge and SOC
  • http//www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31306.pdf

16
Battery Energy and Battery Temperatures
17
Hybrid Cars Today
  • Table 1. Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • OEM Model Body Style Power Type Fuel Date
    Introduced/Announced Production Date
  • Currently in Production
  • DaimlerChrysler Ram Pickup Contractor Special
    Truck Mild Hybrid Diesel Nov-00 2004
    (Limited)
  • Ford Escape SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004
  • General Motors Silverado/Sierra Truck Mild
    Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 (Limited)
  • Honda Accord Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
    Jan-04 2005
  • Honda Insight Coupe IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
    Dec-99 2000
  • Honda Civic Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
    Jan-00 2002
  • Lexus RX400h SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03
    2005
  • Toyota Prius Sedan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline
    Jun-00 2000
  • Toyota Highlander SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04
    2005
  • Suzuki Twin Mini Hybrid Gasoline Nov-02
    2003 (Japan)
  • Toyota Estima Minivan Parallel Hybrid
    Gasoline Jun-01 In Japan Only
  • Toyota Crown Sedan Mild Hybrid Gasoline
    Aug-01 In Japan Only
  • Toyota Alphard Minivan Hybrid Gasoline
    Jul-03 In Japan Only
  • Planned for Production
  • Ford Fusion Sedan Full Hybrid Gasoline
    Apr-03 2006
  • General Motors Silverado/Sierra Tahoe/Yukon
    Truck SUV Strong Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03
    2007

18
Future of Hybrid
  • Hybrid buses
  • 1,000 in use
  • Seattle
  • California
  • Tax Break Increase

19
Future of Hybrid Cars
Toyota Volta
3.3 liter V6 gas engine
408 horsepower
30 miles per gallon
Toyota Hybrid Sports Car
20
Summary
  • Definitions
  • Electric vs. Internal Combustion
  • Timeline for Hybrid technology development
  • The Batteries
  • Study Insight vs. Prius
  • The Future
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