Chapter 4: Integumentary System

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Chapter 4 Integumentary System
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Entry Task 1/7

• Brainstorm AND record 3 possible functions of
  the integumentary (skin) system

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Wednesday 1/7

• Mini-Quiz Body Tissues
• Begin CH 4 Skin Body Membranes
• Worksheet Skin Structure
• Take notes from PowerPoint
• Integumentary System
• Function Melanin
• p.108-114

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Skin Body Membranes

• Epithelial tissue membrane (3 types)
• Cutaneous
• Stratified squamous on a layer of dense fibrous
  connective tissue
• Mucous
• Stratified squamous on simple columnar
• Serous
• Simple squamous on areolar tissue

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A Closer Look at the Serosa

• Parietal layer
• lines ventral cavity, folds on itself to form
  visceral layer
• Visceral layer
• covers outside of organs in cavity
• Serous fluid fills the pocket

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The Serosa
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Skin Body Membranes, cont

• Connective tissue membranes
• Synovial
• Soft areolar connective tissue
• NO epithelial cells

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Functions of I.S.

• Protects from
• Mechanical, chemical, bacterial, UV, thermal,
  dessication
• Heat loss/retention
• Excretion of urea/uric acid
• Makes Vitamin D
• Tells us about external environment

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Structure

• Epidermis
• Stratified squamous
• Dermis
• Dense fibrous conn. tissue
• Hypodermis
• Adipose tissue

Firmly connected together!
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Skin Structure
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Epidermis

• 5 layers called strata (deep to superficial)
• stratum basale
• stratum spinosum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum corneum
• Avascularno blood supply
• Keratinocytesproduce keratin

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Epidermis of Thick Skin
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A Closer Look at the Strata

• Stratum basale
• deepest layer
• receives nutrients
• constantly dividing
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Cells become flatter, full of keratin
• Stratum lucidum
• Cells beginning to die, extra thick, hairless
  skin
• Stratum corneum
• DEAD!!!
• 20-30 cell layers thick

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Fun Facts

• Every 25-45 days, you have a completely NEW
  epidermis!
• Everything you see when you look at someone else
  is DEAD! Gross!

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Melanin

• Melanin is a pigment
• yellow to brown to black
• Melanocytes make the pigment
• Freckles/moles
• Melanin is concentrated in 1 area

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Dermis

• Your dermis is your hide
• Strong, stretchy envelope
• Dense fibrous conn. tissue
• Collagen
• Elastic fibers
• 2 Regions
• Papillary layerupper dermis
• House pain receptors/free nerve endings touch
  receptors (Meissners corpuscles)
• Reticular layerdeepest skin layer
• Pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscles)

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Dermis, continued

• Blood Vesselsmaintain homeostasis
• Rich nerve supply

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Entry Task 1/8

• Explain the function of the stratum basale of the
  epidermal layer.
• Why do we get wrinkled, saggy skin as we age? Be
  sure to identify the layer of skin involved in
  your answer.
• What part of skin do you think pain receptors are
  found in? Touch receptors?

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Tuesday 3/25

• Explore the function of cutaneous receptors
  through a series of lab activities!
• Review Entry Task
• Complete Cutaneous Receptors lab activity!
• HW Read p. 116-124

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Wednesday 3/26

• Finish Cutaneous Receptors Activity
• Activity Make a Sweat Map!
• PowerPoint covering p.116-124
• Take notes!!!

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Skin Color

• 3 Pigments
• Melanin
• Carotene
• Oxygen-rich hemoglobin
• Alterations in skin color
• redness/erythema
• pallor/blanching
• jaundice
• bruises

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Appendages of the Skin

• Includes
• cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails
• Exocrine glandsrelease secretions through ducts
• 2 Types
• Sebaceous glands (oil)
• Sudoriferous glands (sweat)

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Sebaceous Glands (Oil)

• All over skin (not on palms/feet)
• Empties into hair follicles
• Secretes sebumoil fragmented cells
• Keeps skin soft
• Has chemicals that kill bacteria
• Clogged duct whitehead

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Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)

• 2.5 million/person
• 2 Types Eccrine Apocrine
• Eccrine
• More common, produces sweat
• Heat regulation
• 7L sweat on a hot day!

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Sudoriferous Glands, cont

• Apocrine
• Mainly in axillary genital area
• Larger than eccrine glands
• Secretes fatty acid/protein along with other
  components
• Bacteria have a hay day!!!

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Hair Hair Follicles

• Components
• Follicle produces hair
• Shaft part of hair exposed to environment
• Root part of hair enclosed in the follicle
• Medulla central core
• Cortex area between medulla cuticle
• Cuticle heavily keratinized shingles
• Arrector pili smooth muscle, connects follicle
  to tissue
• Matrix growth zone
• Hair bulb contain melanocytes

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Nails

• Components
• Free edge
• Body
• Root embedded in skin
• Nail folds sides of nails, connected to skin
• Cuticle thick proximal nail fold
• Lanula crescent
• Nail bed extends beneath the nail
• Nail matrix thick part of nail bed growth

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Homeostatic Imbalances

• Over 1000 ailments of the skin!
• Mostly allergies, fungus, burns, cancer
• Athletes footfungus
• Boils/carbunclesinflamed oil glands
• Cold soresherpes virus
• Contact dermatitischemical contact
• Impetigobacterial infection
• Psoriasisautoimmune disorder

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Burns

• Def Tissue damage/cell death caused by
  intense heat
• Skin thick as a paper towel
• Almost all body systems suffer when skin is
  burned
• 2 life threatening problems fluid loss kidney
  shutdown/circulatory shock

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Burns, cont

• Rule of Nines
• Body divided into 11 areas, each covering 9
  surface area
• Helps determine volume of fluid lost
• Infection is leading cause of death
• Burns are sterile 24 hours after
• Then pathogens invade

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Burn Classification

• 1 Burn
• Epidermis damaged
• Red, swollen
• Lasts 2-3 days
• EX sunburn

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Burn Classification

• 2 Burn
• Epidermis Upper Dermis damaged
• Red, painful blisters
• Regrowth can occur
• No permanent scarring if taken care of

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Burn Classification

• 3 Burn
• Entire thickness of skin destroyed
• Blanched/Black
• No painnerves destroyed
• Regeneration not possible
• Skin grafting

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Burn Classification

• CRITICAL burns meet this criteria
• 25 of the body has 2 burns
• 10 has 3 burns
• 3 burns on the face, hands, and/or feet

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Skin Cancer

• Most common of all cancers
• 1 in 5 people will have skin cancer in their
  lifetime
• 3 Types
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Malignant melanoma

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Least malignant, most common
• No keratin/boundary formed by stratum basale
• Invades dermis/hypodermis
• On face, shiny, slow-growing
• Full cure _at_ 99 in most cases

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Stratum spinosum
• Scaly, reddened papule
• Shallow ulcer, raised border
• Scalp, ears, hands, lips
• Fast growing
• If caught early full recovery can be made

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Malignant Melanoma

• Cancer of melanocytes
• 5 cases are melanoma
• Appears spontaneously, develops from pigmented
  moles
• brown to black patches
• 50 survival rate

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ABCD Rule

• Asymmetry
• 2 sides of mole/spot dont match
• Border irregularity
• Borders not smooth, have indents
• Color
• Different colors, range from black/brown/tan,
  blues/reds
• Diameter
• 6 mm

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Thursday 3/27
Identify different types of burns and skin cancers

• Finish PowerPoint Notes
• Begin Review assignment
• P.127 MC 1-2, 4, 6-7 SA 1-4, 6-11, 13
• At the Clinic 1-4

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Friday 3/28

• Correct Review
• Play Flyswatter Review game
• Test over all of CH 4 on Monday after break!

Have a Great Spring Break!