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Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

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Title: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System


1
Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Transport and Metabolism
Introduction
Homeostasis
Receptors
Grab Bag
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300
300
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500
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500
FINAL ROUND
2
Introduction 100 Question
  • The endocrine system communicates with target
    cells by way of this
  • a. chemical messengers that do not
    leave the cell where they are produced
  • b. chemical messengers secreted
    into the bloodstream
  • c. chemical messengers secreted
    through ducts into other organ
  • d. electrical signals

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
3
Introduction 100 Answer
  • The endocrine system communicates with target
    cells by way of this
  • a. chemical messengers that do not
    leave the cell where they are produced
  • b. chemical messengers secreted
    into the bloodstream
  • c. chemical messengers secreted
    through ducts into other organ
  • d. electrical signals

BACK TO GAME
4
Introduction 200 Question
  • Given these characteristics 1.
    amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none
    response3. usually slower response4. effects
    usually more generally distributedList the
    characteristics that apply to the endocrine
    system when compared to the nervous system.
  • a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
  • b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
5
Introduction 200 Answer
  • Given these characteristics 1.
    amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none
    response3. usually slower response4. effects
    usually more generally distributedList the
    characteristics that apply to the endocrine
    system when compared to the nervous system.
  • a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
  • b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4

BACK TO GAME
6
Introduction 300 Question
  • Chemical signals that are secreted into the
    environment and modify the behavior and
    physiology of other individuals are called this
  • a. autocrine chemical signals
  • b. pheromones
  • c. paracrine chemical signals
  • d. hormones
  • e. neurotransmitters

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
7
Introduction 300 Answer
  • Chemical signals that are secreted into the
    environment and modify the behavior and
    physiology of other individuals are called this
  • a. autocrine chemical signals
  • b. pheromones
  • c. paracrine chemical signals
  • d. hormones
  • e. neurotransmitters

BACK TO GAME
8
Introduction 400 Question
  • Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals
    that do this
  • a. produced by groups of cells and
    affect neurons
  • b. released by cells and affect other cell types
    locally
  • c. produced by neurons and act like hormones
  • d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit
    other neurons

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
9
Introduction 400 Answer
  • Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals
    that do this
  • a. produced by groups of cells and affect
    neurons
  • b. released by cells and affect other cell
    types locally
  • c. produced by neurons and act like
    hormones
  • d. released by neurons and stimulate or
    inhibit other neurons

BACK TO GAME
10
Introduction 500 Question
  • Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
    glucocorticoids are all examples of this
  • a. proteins
  • b. glycoproteins
  • c. polypeptides
  • d. amino acid derivatives
  • e. steroids

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
11
Introduction 500 Answer
  • Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
    glucocorticoids are all examples of this
  • a. proteins
  • b. glycoproteins
  • c. polypeptides
  • d. amino acid derivatives
  • e. steroids

BACK TO GAME
12
Homeostasis 100 Question
  • This statement about hormones is true except
  • a. are secreted at a constant rate
  • b. function to regulate the rates of
    many activities in the body
  • c. secretion rate is controlled by
    negative feedback mechanisms
  • d. help maintain homeostasis

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
13
Homeostasis 100 Answer
  • This statement about hormones is true except
  • a. are secreted at a constant rate
  • b. function to regulate the rates of
    many activities in the body
  • c. secretion rate is controlled by
    negative feedback mechanisms
  • d. help maintain homeostasis

BACK TO GAME
14
Homeostasis 200 Question
  • This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an
    endocrine tissue
  • a. other hormones
  • b. negative-feedback mechanisms
  • c. nonhormone substance in the blood
  • d. the nervous system
  • e. all of the above

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
15
Homeostasis 200 Answer
  • This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an
    endocrine tissue
  • a. other hormones
  • b. negative-feedback mechanisms
  • c. nonhormone substance in the blood
  • d. the nervous system
  • e. all of the above

BACK TO GAME
16
Homeostasis 300 Question
  • Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
    autonomic nervous system during exercise results
    in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
    into the blood when exercise ends, the amount of
    epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood
    decreases rapidly. This is an example of
  • a. acute hormone regulation
  • b. chronic hormone regulation
  • c. cyclic hormone regulation

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
17
Homeostasis 300 Answer
  • Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
    autonomic nervous system during exercise results
    in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
    into the blood when exercise ends, the amount of
    epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood
    decreases rapidly. This is an example of
  • a. acute hormone regulation
  • b. chronic hormone regulation
  • c. cyclic hormone regulation

BACK TO GAME
18
Homeostasis 400 Question
  • When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A"
    is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A
    is controlled by this
  • a. changes in the level of a chemical in
    the blood
  • b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
  • c. stimulation by a hormone released
    from another endocrine gland
  • d. a hypothalamic releasing factor

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
19
Homeostasis 400 Answer
  • When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A"
    is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A
    is controlled by this
  • a. changes in the level of a chemical in
    the blood
  • b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
  • c. stimulation by a hormone released
    from another endocrine gland
  • d. a hypothalamic releasing factor

BACK TO GAME
20
Homeostasis 500 Question
  • Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone
    "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the
    secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This
    control mechanism is this
  • a. negative feedback
  • b. positive feedback
  • c. neural control
  • d. amplification

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
21
Homeostasis 500 Answer
  • Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone
    "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the
    secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This
    control mechanism is this
  • a. negative feedback
  • b. positive feedback
  • c. neural control
  • d. amplification

BACK TO GAME
22
Transport and Metabolism 100 Question
  • Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible
    fashion.
  • True/False

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
23
Transport and Metabolism 100 Answer
  • Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible
    fashion.
  • True/False

BACK TO GAME
24
Transport and Metabolism 200 Question
  • Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do
    this
  • a. pass through capillary cells
  • b. pass through pores in the capillary
    endothelium
  • c. be moved out of the capillary by active
    transport
  • d. remain in the blood

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
25
Transport and Metabolism 200 Answer
  • Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do
    this
  • a. pass through capillary cells
  • b. pass through pores in the capillary
    endothelium
  • c. be moved out of the capillary by
    active transport
  • d. remain in the blood

BACK TO GAME
26
Transport and Metabolism 300 Question
  • These statements about these lipid-soluble
    hormones are true except
  • a. have relatively long half-lives
  • b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
  • c. have half-lives that increase and
    decrease slowly
  • d. regulate activities that have a long
    duration

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
27
Transport and Metabolism 300 Answer
  • These statements about these lipid-soluble
    hormones are true except
  • a. have relatively long half-lives
  • b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
  • c. have half-lives that increase and
    decrease slowly
  • d. regulate activities that have a long
    duration

BACK TO GAME
28
Transport and Metabolism 400 Question
  • This process makes hormones less active or
    increases elimination by attaching water-soluble
    molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid
    groups to them in the liver
  • a. active transport
  • b. conjugation
  • c. excretion
  • d. metabolism

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
29
Transport and Metabolism 400 Answer
  • This process makes hormones less active or
    increases elimination by attaching water-soluble
    molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid
    groups to them in the liver
  • a. active transport
  • b. conjugation
  • c. excretion
  • d. metabolism

BACK TO GAME
30
Transport and Metabolism 500 Question
  • A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified
    by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly,
    thus making its half-life very short. A patient
    that has liver and kidney disease would see this
    effect
  • a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
    rapidly
  • b. increases blood levels of this hormone
  • c. concentration remains high for a longer time
  • d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
  • e. a, b and c

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
31
Transport and Metabolism 500 Answer
  • A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified
    by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly,
    thus making its half-life very short. A patient
    that has liver and kidney disease would see this
    effect
  • a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
    rapidly
  • b. increases blood levels of this hormone
  • c. concentration remains high for a longer time
  • d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
  • e. a, b and c

BACK TO GAME
32
Receptors100 Question
  • Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
    aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble
    hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
  • True/False

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
33
Receptors100 Answer
  • Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
    aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble
    hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
  • True/False

BACK TO GAME
34
Receptors 200 Question
  • Intracellular hormone receptors are found here
  • a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
    target cells
  • b. in the nucleus
  • c. in the mitochondria
  • d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
  • e. both a and b

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
35
Receptors 200 Answer
  • Intracellular hormone receptors are found here
  • a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
    target cells
  • b. in the nucleus
  • c. in the mitochondria
  • d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
  • e. both a and b

BACK TO GAME
36
Receptors 300 Question
  • Given these events1. cAMP is synthesized.2.
    The a subunit of G protein is activated.3.
    Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
  • Choose the arrangement that lists the events in
    the order they occur after a chemical signal
    binds to a receptor.
  • a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
  • b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
37
Receptors 300 Answer
  • Given these events1. cAMP is synthesized.2.
    The a subunit of G protein is activated.3.
    Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
  • Choose the arrangement that lists the events in
    the order they occur after a chemical signal
    binds to a receptor.
  • a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
  • b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1

BACK TO GAME
38
Receptors 400 Question
  • These statements describe chemical signals
    binding to membrane-bound receptors except
  • a. DNA produces mRNA
  • b. G proteins are activated
  • c. the receptor-hormone complex
    causes ion channels to open or close
  • d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
    water-soluble molecule
  • e. the cell's response is fast

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
39
Receptors 400 Answer
  • These statements describe chemical signals
    binding to membrane-bound receptors except
  • a. DNA produces mRNA
  • b. G proteins are activated
  • c. the receptor-hormone complex
    causes ion channels to open or close
  • d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
    water-soluble molecule
  • e. the cell's response is fast

BACK TO GAME
40
Receptors 500 Question
  • Intracellular receptors are better adapted for
    mediating responses that last a relatively long
    time due to this
  • a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the
    cytoplasm
  • b. cAMP is broken down quickly
  • c. mRNA is synthesized
  • d. synthesis of new proteins
  • e. c and d

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
41
Receptors 500 Answer
  • Intracellular receptors are better adapted for
    mediating responses that last a relatively long
    time due to this
  • a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the
    cytoplasm
  • b. cAMP is broken down quickly
  • c. mRNA is synthesized
  • d. synthesis of new proteins
  • e. c and d

BACK TO GAME
42
Grab Bag100 Question
  • If there is a decrease in the specific plasma
    protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs
  • a. more free hormone occurs
  • b. less hormone binds to target cells
  • c. blood levels of the hormone increase
  • d. all of these

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
43
Grab Bag 100 Answer
  • If there is a decrease in the specific plasma
    protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs
  • a. more free hormone occurs
  • b. less hormone binds to target cells
  • c. blood levels of the hormone increase
  • d. all of these

BACK TO GAME
44
Grab Bag 200 Question
  • Down-regulation occurs because of this
  • a. both hormone and receptor are taken
    into the cell by phagocytosis
  • b. receptor molecules are degraded more
    quickly
  • c. there is a decrease in the rate of
    receptor synthesis
  • d. all of these

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
45
Grab Bag 200 Answer
  • Down-regulation occurs because of this
  • a. both hormone and receptor are taken
    into the cell by phagocytosis
  • b. receptor molecules are degraded more
    quickly
  • c. there is a decrease in the rate of
    receptor synthesis
  • d. all of these

BACK TO GAME
46
Grab Bag 300 Question
  • This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule
  • a. cAMP
  • b. cGMP
  • c. ADH
  • d. DAG
  • e. IP3

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
47
Grab Bag 300 Answer
  • This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule
  • a. cAMP
  • b. cGMP
  • c. ADH
  • d. DAG
  • e. IP3

BACK TO GAME
48
Grab Bag 400 Question
  • A hormone controls the concentration of some
    substance in the circulatory system. A tumor
    begins to produce that substance in large amounts
    in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate
    for the hormone would
  • a. increase by positive feedback
  • b. decrease by negative feedback
  • c. decrease by positive feedback
  • c. stay the same

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
49
Grab Bag 400 Answer
  • A hormone controls the concentration of some
    substance in the circulatory system. A tumor
    begins to produce that substance in large amounts
    in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate
    for the hormone would
  • a. increase by positive feedback
  • b. decrease by negative feedback
  • c. decrease by positive feedback
  • c. stay the same

BACK TO GAME
50
Grab Bag 500 Question
  • Given these events1. activation of cAMP2.
    activation of genes3. enzyme activity altered
  • These events can occur when a hormone binds to an
    intracellular hormone receptor
  • a. 1 c. 2,3
  • b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
51
Grab Bag 500 Answer
  • Given these events1. activation of cAMP2.
    activation of genes3. enzyme activity altered
  • These events can occur when a hormone binds to an
    intracellular hormone receptor
  • a. 1 c. 2,3
  • b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3

BACK TO GAME
52
FINAL ROUND Question
  • This might be a consequence of trying to use a
    skin patch to administer a constant level of
    insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus
  • a. too little insulin available after a meal
    when sugar levels are high
  • b. too much insulin available between
    meals when sugar levels are low
  • c. would control blood sugar levels well
  • d. a and b

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
53
FINAL ROUND Answer
  • This might be a consequence of trying to use a
    skin patch to administer a constant level of
    insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus
  • a. too little insulin available after a meal
    when sugar levels are high
  • b. too much insulin available between
    meals when sugar levels are low
  • c. would control blood sugar levels well
  • d. a and b

BACK TO GAME
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