F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy 4.2.1 Kidney Failure and Testing

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F214 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy4.2.1
Kidney Failure and Testing

• outline the problems that arise from kidney
  failure and discuss the use of renal dialysis
  and transplants for the treatment of kidney
  failure
• describe how urine samples can be used to
  test for pregnancy and detect misuse of anabolic
  steroids

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• Kidney failure can be caused by
• Diabetes mellitus (type I and type II sugar
  diabetes)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Kidney Infection
• If the kidneys fail, excess water and urea cannot
  be removed, which will eventually lead to death

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Kidney Failure Treatment

• Research Task
• Your task is to create a poster (similar to the
  year 12 project week) that explains the
  following. You can use Biology 2 p60-62 to help
  you
• Dialysis including haemodyalysis and peritoneal
  dialysis
• Kidney Trasnsplants

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Success Criteria

• Your poster must contain
• The science behind Dialysis
• The advantages and disadvantages of Kidney
  Transplants
• Appropriate diagrams

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Questions

• Using Cambridge Biology (p56-59) or OCR Biology
  (p50-51), answer the following as fully as you
  can
• How can urine be used to detect pregnancy?
• How can urine be used to test for drug use in
  sports?

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How can Urine be used to detect Pregnancy?

• Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) secreted by
  embryo
• Found in urine 6 days after conception
• Pregnancy tests contain monoclonal antibodies
• Antibody is specific to hCG
• Test strip soaked in urine
• hCG attaches to antibody tagged with a blue bead
• hCG-antibody complex moves up the strip until it
  attaches to a strip of immobilised antibodies
• This creates two blue lines- One to ensure the
  test is working, the second to indicate pregnancy
  

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How can Urine be used to test for drug use in
sport?

• Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in
  cells
• Causes build up of tissue in the muscles
• Have a half life of 16 hours
• Gas chromatography used to detect presence of
  steroids
• Sample is vapourised with a solvent and passed
  down a tube
• Absorption agent in tube lining is analysed to
  make a chromatogram