Athletic Injuries ATC 222 Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 22

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Athletic Injuries ATC 222Head, Face, Eyes, Ears,
Nose, and ThroatChapter 22
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Nervous System

• Central Nervous System
• brain
• spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System

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Brain Anatomy

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain Stem
• Meninges
• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid Mater
• Pia Mater

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Head Injuries

• Incidence of serious injury has decreased
• neck injuries?
• protective gear
• Appr. 250,000 concussions/year
• Focal vs. Diffuse Injuries

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Concussion

• Definition
• clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and
  transient impairment of normal neurological
  function
• Grades
• Return to Play Criteria
• Post-concussion Syndrome
• Second Impact Syndrome

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Evaluation Process

• Primary Assessment?
• ABCs
• Secondary Assessment
• Mental Status
• Cranial Nerve Exam
• Motor System Exam
• Proprioception, balance, and coordination

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Cranial Nerve Exam

• Test for
• Vision
• Tracking
• Visual Fields
• Pupil Reflex
• Hearing
• Swallowing
• Shoulder Shrug
• Facial Sensation
• Facial Expression
• Tongue Protrusion
• Mastication

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Other Signs and Symptoms

• headache
• nausea, vomiting
• seizures
• unequal pupils
• tinnitus
• unusual drowsiness

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Treatment

• Should be mostly symptomatic in nature
• Recheck athlete on regular basis
• Refer if in doubt or in more severe cases
• Monitor throughout the night
• No alcohol, aspirin, ibuprofen
• No activity until asymptomatic
• Refer if current s/s worsen or if new s/s appear
  over time

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Facial Injuries

• Mandible Fracture
• deformity
• malocclusion
• malalignment
• bleeding around teeth/gums
• lower lip anesthesia
• pain with biting
• Treatment

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Facial Injuries

• Mandible Dislocation/Subluxation
• commonly from lateral force
• malalignment
• malocclusion
• open, locked jaw

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Dental Injuries

• Types
• fracture
• dislocation/subluxation
• Treatment
• realign subluxation
• replace/preserve dislocation or fracture
• 30 minute survival rate

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Nasal Injuries

• Fracture or Cartilage Separation
• S/S
• deformity
• profuse bleeding
• immediate swelling
• crepitus
• treatment
• control hemorrhaging
• referral
• most return to activity in 3-4 days

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Nasal Injuries

• Epistaxis (nosebleed)
• sit upright
• ice (nose and ipsilateral carotid)
• direct pressure on nostril
• cotton/gauze plug
• refrain from nose blowing for 2 hours

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Ear Injuries

• Hematoma Auris (cauliflower ear)
• causes
• S/S
• swelling
• redness, warmth
• pain
• treatment
• ice
• protection
• aspirate

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Eye Injuries

• Causes and Prevention
• S/S or Serious Eye Injury
• prolonged blurred vision
• loss of part/all of visual field (detached
  retina?)
• sharp, stabbing, throbbing pain
• double vision
• embedded object
• blood in anterior chamber

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Treatment of Serious Eye Injury

• immediate referral
• cover both eyes with embedded object
• ice only to surrounding tissue
• no pressure applied to eyes

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Orbital Hematoma

• Black Eye
• Bleeding in orbit area and poss. Sclera
• Rule out serious eye injury

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Foreign Body in Eye

• Embedded?
• Removal
• Close eye
• eye rinse
• removal with gauze pad