Preparing Parenthetical Citations and a Works Cited Page

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Preparing Parenthetical Citationsand a Works
Cited Page
Source Book Parachute. Clip Art Gallery. 2005.
DiscoverySchool.com. 13 July 2005
lthttp//school.discovery.com/clipart/category/lang
1.htmlgt. Powerpoint Presentation Prepared By
Joyce Bell, Librarian Sarah Harrington, Social
Studies Teacher and Doug Worthley, Science
Teacher
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What is MLA (Modern Language Assn.) Format?

• Provides direction on the style required for
  papers (both pg. layout content)
• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
  located in the library
• Research Paper Guidelines provides sample
  citations for most sources library homepage,
  Student Research Help
• Other formats, i.e. APA Chicago are similar,
  but different set of rules

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Why Use MLA Format?

• Allows readers to easily locate your sources
• Provides a consistent format throughout your
  paper and among all student papers
• Gives you credibility as a writer
• Protects you from plagiarism

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When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations?

• Quoting words that belong to someone else (use
  quotation marks)
• Summarizing facts ideas (condensing ideas in
  your own words)
• Paraphrasing a source (change the phrasing into
  your own words)

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• Quoting Words That Belong to Someone Else
• Do this when authors qualifications make them
  the expert (the authority on the topic) and
  there isnt a better way to make your point
• Set up your quotation with an introduction i.e.
  authors name and source
• Use quotation marks
• After the quote, explain how the quote relates to
  your point

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• Summarizing Facts and Ideas
• A common practice. Do this when the ideas are
  good but you would like to
• condense them to make your point
• Choose a short section that makes an important
  point
• Delete trivial and/or redundant info.
• Keep information that is necessary for meaning
  (who, what, where, why, when, how)
• Substitute general words for lists (example
  tulips, pansies and roses flowers)
• Select a topic sentence (or create one)
• Organize whats left in your own words1
• Introduce a summary as you would introduce a
  quote
• Example
• According to the PEW Research Centers Future
  Use of the Internet report, your summary begins
  here. (Roberts 215)
• 1Marzano, Robert J., Debra J. Pickering and Jane
  E. Pollock, Classroom Instruction That Works (New
  York Prentice Hall,
• 2004) 35.

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• Paraphrasing a Source
• (Changing the Phrasing Into Your Own Words)
• Rarely used, but can be useful when youre
  talking about a specific source that is difficult
  to read and want to make it understandable to
  your audience
• Read through the original and rewrite each
  sentence in your own words
• Preface your paraphrase with the source of your
  information and provide some background
  information.
• Example
• In 1215, English peasants insisted that laws be
  put in writing. That resulted in the document,
  The Magna Carta from which our own United States
  Constitution was modeled. The basic points of
  The Magna Carta are your paraphrase of each
  point here. (55)

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Two Steps to Citing Information in Your Paper 1)
Authors last name and page of quote must
appear in the text of your paper. Notice the
citation precedes the punctuation mark. Osmond
had inquired to which Isabel had answered that
she was afraid her washerwoman wouldn't care for
her" (James 139). Coming from an American family
that was not terribly wealthy, she found it. 2)
Works Cited page lists full citations for all
parenthetical notations in the paper. James,
Henry. The Portrait of a Lady. New York Random
House, 1951. Your paper will be double-spaced
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Parenthetical Citation Examples

• More than one author with same last name
• (A. Smith 55) (L. Smith 815)
• More than one work by same author
• (Twain, Huckleberry Finn 15) (Twain, Tom Sawyer
  128)
• Different volumes of a multi-volume work (51402)
• Examples From Research Paper Guidelines

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Parenthetical Citation Examples

• Citing indirect sources also called a source
  within a source or an anthology
• (Angelou qtd. in Busby 330)
• No known author use abbreviated version of Book
  title Coast of Maine
• Citation (Coast 71)

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Parenthetical Citation Examples

• Authors name in text vs. authors name in
  reference
• In Text
• Only Angelou has used metaphor to argue this
  point (42).
• In Reference
• This illustrates effective use of metaphor to
  expose the
• inhumanity of racism (Angelou 42).

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Long Quotations

• If a quotation is 4 or more lines long, indent
  the left side 5 spaces
• to set it apart. Notice the citation comes after
  the period.

longer passed over in favor of others. In
America, her older sisters were always the ones
to be followed by men, whereas she was largely
avoided.
...her sister Edith was, as every
one said, so very much more
fetching. ...She saw the young men who came in
large number numbers to see her sister
but as a general thing they were afraid
of her they had a belief that some special
preparation was required for talking
with her. (James 44-45) In contrast to
her youth, Isabel is now the center of attention.
Her cousin is enchanted with her, Caspar Goodwood
is still chasing her, Lord Warburton has proposed
after knowing her for only a few days, and she
finally marries.... your paper will be
double-spaced
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The Works Cited Page

• Complete list of every source you make reference
  to in your paper
• Individual citations provide the information
  necessary for your teacher to locate any source
  cited in your paper
• Use a style manual. Formatting must be
  consistent pay close attention to details
  double-spacing, capitalization, punctuation,
  order, etc.

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Sample Works Cited Page

• Works Cited
•  
• Bazargan, Susan. "Representation and Ideology
  in 'The Real Thing.'" The Henry James Review
  Spring 1991 133-37.
• Bell, Millicent. Meaning in Henry James.
  Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1991.
• -----------------. Women in the Jamesian Eye.
  1995. 6 Nov. 1999
• lthttp//www.bookpage.com/themerc/womeninth
  enovels.htmlgt.
• Benardete, Jane. The Women Writers Henry James
  Influenced. 1995. 6 Nov. 1999
  lthttp//www.bookpage.com/womeninnovels.htmlgt.
• Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Denmark
  Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1992.
• Hutner, Gordon. "Goodwood's Lie in The Portrait
  of a Lady." The Henry James Review Winter
  1987 142-44.
• James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady. New
  York Random House, 1951.
• Yours will be double-spaced

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• MS Word Hint
• Creating a hanging indent
• 1. Click on the beginning of the second line
• 2. Push enter once then push tab once

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Works Cited Format

• Top, bottom, left right margins 1
• Works Cited centered, no bold, italics or
  underlining
• Alphabetical by citation
• Double-space every page
• Use a hanging indent after the first line of
  each entry

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Works Cited Examples Books

• ONE AUTHOR OR EDITOR
• Williams, Gene B. Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter.
  New York Franklin Watts, 1987.
• Anderson, N. D., ed. The World's Religions.
  London Inter-Varsity Fellowship, 1950.
• TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
• Note Authors should be listed in the order in
  which they appear
• on the title page.
• Berelson, Bernard R., Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and
  William McPhee. Voting. Cambridge Harvard UP,
  1959.

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Works Cited Examples Books

• REFERENCE WORKS
• Unger, Leonard, gen. ed. American Writers. 4
  vols. New York Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974.
• ANTHOLOGIES (Underline title if originally
  published
• independently plays, novels autobiographies
  usually are)
• Angelou, Maya. A Good Woman Feeling Bad.
  Daughters of Africa An International Anthology
  of Words and Writings by Women of African
  Descent From the Ancient Egyptian to the Present.
  Ed. Margaret Busby. New York Pantheon Books,
  1992. 330- 31.
• Silko, Leslie Marmon. Landscape, History, and
  the Pueblo Imagination. The Ecocriticism
  Reader Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Ed.
  Cheryl Glotfelty and Harold Fromm. Athens, GA U
  of Georgia P, 1996. 264-75.

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Works Cited Examples Online Databases

• JOURNAL ARTICLE
• Rivera, Gaspar. "Violence Against Children
  Widespread, Says Human Rights Report."
  American Behavioral Scientist 8.2 (2002) 152- .
  Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. University of
  Southern Maine Library, Portland. 23 May 20
  lthttp// ehostvgw5.epnet.com/gt.
• Jones, Ralph. "Dramatic Elements in Hemingway's
  Works." Wascana Review 66.2 (1986) 77-98.
  Literature Resource Center. EBSCOhost. CEHS
  Library. 15 Feb. 2003 lthttp//galenet.
  galegroup.com/gt.

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Works Cited Examples Online Databases

• ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE SOURCE REPRINTED IN A
• LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE
• Martine, James J., ed. "Ernest Hemingway."
  Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 9
  American Novelists, 1910-1945. The Gale Group,
  1981. Literature Resource Center. EBSCOhost.
  CEHS Library. 15 Feb. 2003 lthttp//galenet.galegr
  oup.com/gt.
• Ashley, Leonard R.N. The Grapes of Wrath
  Overview. Reference Guide to American
  Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. Jim Kamp. St. James
  Press, 1994. Literature Resource Center.
  EBSCOhost. CEHS Library. 8 Feb. 2006
  lthttp//galenet.galegroup.com/gt.

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Works Cited Examples Online Databases

• A CHAPTER FROM A BOOK REPRINTED IN A REFERENCE
• SOURCE THEN REPRINTED AGAIN IN A LIBRARY
• SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE
• Adams, Linda. "Narrative Technique in East of
  Eden." Rediscovering Steinbeck. Ed. Doug Lewis
  and Janet James. U Chicago Press, 1979. 75-104.
  Contemporary Literary Criticism. The Gale Group,
  1997. Literature Resource Center. EBSCOhost. CEHS
  Library. 6 Feb. 2003 lthttp//galenet.galegroup.co
  m/gt.

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Works Cited Examples Online Databases

• A JOURNAL ARTICLE REPRINTED IN A REFERENCE
• SOURCE THEN REPRINTED AGAIN IN A LIBRARY
• SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE
• Fox, Stephen D. "Barbara Kingsolver and Keri
  Hulme Disability, Family, and Culture."
  Critique Studies in Contemporary
• Fiction. 454. (2004) 405-20. Contemporary
  Literary Criticism. The Gale Group, 1997.
  Literature Resource Center. EBSCOhost. CEHS
  Library. 6 Jan. 2007 lthttp//galenet.
  galegroup.com/gt.

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Works Cited Examples Discovering Authors

• CRITICISM
• Fitzgerald, Karen. "A Major New Talent." MS Vol.
  37, No. 4, 15 April 1992 29 excerpted and
  republished in Discovering Authors Modules.
  CD-ROM. Detroit Gale Research, 1996.
• BIOGRAPHY, INTRODUCTION OR PERSONAL DATA
• Biography of Barbara Kingsolver. Discovering
  Authors Modules. CD-ROM. Detroit Gale Research,
  1996.

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The Connection

• This sets the tone for her adventures in the
  first half of
• the novel, in which James refers to her almost
  exclusively
• as a girl (Weisen 18). She is yet young and
  still bases.
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----------------------------
• Works Cited
• Stone, Edward, ed. Henry James Seven Stories
  and Studies. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts,
  1961.
• Wiesen, Joseph. "A Woman in The Portrait of a
  Lady." The Henry James Review Winter-Spring
  1986 18-28.
•  

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