MANAJEMEN TEKNOLOGI MATERI 1 KONSEP DASAR TEKNOLOGI

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MANAJEMEN TEKNOLOGIMATERI 1KONSEP DASAR
TEKNOLOGI

• Much. Djunaidi, ST, MT
• Jurusan Teknik Industri
• Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Konsep Dasar Teknologi

• Evolusi Teknologi
• Teori Perubahan Masyarakat,
• Tingkat Perkembangan Teknologi
• Definisi Teknologi
• Siklus Hidup Teknologi
• Tingkat Teknologi
• Jenis Teknologi
• Klasifikasi Teknologi

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Teori Perubahan Masyarakat

• Masyarakat tradisional, persiapan lepas landas,
  lepas landas, dorongan kearah kedewasaan,
  konsumsi masa tinggi (Rostow).
• Berkembang, lepas landas, industri, post-industri
  (Farmer, 1969).
• Masyarakat pertanian, masyarakat industri,
  masyarakat informasi (Toffler).

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Teori Perubahan Masyarakat (TOFFLER) (1)

• Masyarakat Pertanian (8000 SM 1700)
• Gelombang pembaharuan ? manusia menentukan
  menerapkan teknologi pertanian
• Manusia yang semula berpindah-pindah menjadi suka
  untuk tinggal menetap (desa)
• Manusia menggunakan energi dari alam (otot
  binatang, matahari, angin air)
• Masyarakat produsen sekaligus menjadi konsumen

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Teori Perubahan Masyarakat (TOFFLER) (2)

• Masyarakat Industri (1700 1970)
• Revolusi Industri ditandai dengan penggunaan
  mesin (melipat gandakan kekuatan fisik manusia)
• Manusia menggunakan energi minyak, batu bara
  gas
• Pemisahan antara masyarakat produsen dengan
  masyarakat konsumen (spesialisasi)
• Terjadi perusakan alam akibat eksploitasi sumber
  daya
• Penetrasi pasar internasional

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Teori Perubahan Masyarakat (TOFFLER) (3)

• Masyarakat Informasi (1970 gt 2000)
• Penggunaan teknologi komunikasi dalam peradaban
  manusia
• Penggunaan komputer mikro elektronik sebagai
  teknologi inti
• Pelipatgandaan kekuatan pikir manusia
• Energi alternatif, energi baru, rekayasa
  genetik,bioteknologi

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MATA RANTAI PERUBAHAN TEKNOLOGI

• Kemajuan teknologi mempengaruhi ilmu pengetahuan
  merubah pola hidup manusia dan struktur sosial
  secara keseluruhan

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TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT
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Definisi Teknologi (1)

• TEKHNOLOGIA (Greek)
• Techné art or skill
• Logos science or study
• Sekumpulan pengetahuan ilmiah, mesin, perkakas
  serta kemampuan organisasi produksi yang dikelola
  secara sistematik dan efektif (JUDET PERRIN,
  1971)
• Technology is the totality of goods, tools,
  processes, methods, techniques, procedures and
  service that are invented and put into some
  practical use (BAYRAKTAR, 1992)

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Definisi Teknologi (2)

• Teknologi suatu input produksi yang penting
  dapat diperjual-belikan di pasar dunia sebagai
  suatu komoditi. (UNCTAD)
• a) Barang modal (investasi).
• b) Tenaga kerja manusia (tenaga terampil
  spesialisasi sangat tinggi).
• c) Informasi (sifat teknis atau komersial pasar,
  hak cipta, dijual)

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Definisi Teknologi (3)

• Suatu pengaturan yang berisikan atas tiga elemen
  atau komponen teknologi (paket) (SANDRETT)
• Elemen material mesin, peralatan, bahan baku,
  bahan setengah jadi, dll.
• Elemen informasi pengetahuan tentang prosedur,
  keterampilan individu kolektif
• Elemen organisasi organisasi produksi, jabatan,
  situasi kerja koordinasi

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Definisi Teknologi (4)
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Definisi Teknologi (5)

• Pengelompokan Konsep Teknologi dari perspektif
  sosio-ekonomi

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Definisi Teknologi (6)

• Technology includes whatever it takes to convert
  resources into products and services (GAYNOR,
  1992)
• All the knowledge, products, processes, tools,
  methods system employed in the creation of
  goods or in providing services (KHALIL, 2002)

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Definisi Teknologi (7)

• Komponen teknologi (TECHNOLOGY ALTAS PROJECT,
  1989)
• Technoware ? peralatan manual, mesin otomatis,
  fasilitas terintegrasi
• Humanware ? kemampuan operasional, memproduksi,
  memperbaiki, adaptasi, inovasi
• Inforware ? menilai, menjelaskan, menggunakan
  fakta, melakukan klasifikasi
• Orgaware ? individual, kelompok, organisasi,
  industri, nasional

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Definisi Teknologi (8)

• Komponen teknologi (ZELENY, 1986)
• Hardware the physical structure logical layout
  of the equipment or machinery that is to be used
  to carry out the required tasks
• Software The knowledge of how to use the
  hardware in order to carry out the required tasks
• Brainware The reasons for using the technology
  in particular way

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Komponen Teknologi
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Technology, Science Engineering

• BETZ (1993)
• Science is the discovery explanation of nature
• Technology is the knowledge of the manipulation
  of nature for human purposes
• Engineering is the understanding manipulation
  of nature for human purposes

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Siklus Hidup Teknologi (1)

• Technology development basic technology
• Technology application technology application
• Application launch technology application
  product launch
• Application growth technology application
  product sales
• Technology maturity technology application
  fall in product sales
• Degraded technology minimal product sales loss
  of application alternative technology

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Siklus Hidup Teknologi (2)
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TIPE TEKNOLOGI

• Materials Technology
• Production Technology
• Transport Technology
• Testing Technology
• Process Technology
• Machining Technology

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Klasifikasi Teknologi (UNIDO)

• a. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam peralatan
• b. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam produk
• c. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam proses
• d. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam operasi

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Klasifikasi Teknologi (Kahlil) (1)

• New technology new introducted or implemented
  technology (explicit impact on the way a company
  produces products or provides services)
• Emerging technology not yet fully commercialed
  but will become so within about five year
• High technology refers to advanced or
  sophisticated technologies

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Klasifikasi Teknologi (Kahlil) (2)

• Low technology refers to technologies that have
  permated large segments of human society
• Medium technology refers to mature technologies
• Appropriate technology used to indicate a good
  match between the technology utilized and the
  resources required for its optimal use

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur

• Unsur proses-proses teknis yang tidak terdapat
  secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang.
• Lima Unsur Teknologi
• Technology of energy conversion and utilization
• Technology of tools machines
• Technology of measurement, observation control
• Technology involved in the extraction
  conversion of industrial raw materials
• Technology of industrial production processes

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur (1)

• Technology of energy conversion and utilization
• Major types of energy useful to man
• Devices techniques for the utilization of
  energy
• Devices for energy conversion
• Devices for energy concentration control
• Devices for unlimited production of energy

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur (2)

• Technology of tools machines
• Hand tools
• Machines machine components
• Machine tools stationary power-driven machines
  for shaping forming parts made of metal or
  other materials

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur (3)

• Technology of measurement, observation control
• Theory of measurement
• Units standards of measurement
• Principles processes by which instruments of
  measurement operate
• Common types of measuring instruments
• Special instrument apparatus used in scientific
  research
• Major systems of measurement observation
• Instrumentation control systems

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur (4)

• Technology involved in the extraction
  conversion of industrial raw materials
• The worlds physical biological resources
• Technology of the extraction industries
• Primary conversion of raw materials

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Unsur (5)

• Technology of industrial production processes
• Materials processing the operations that are
  used to transform industrial materials from a
  raw-material state into finished parts or
  products
• Metallurgy
• Materials handling in the production process
• Technology of packaging

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang

• Bidang berbagai kebutuhan manusia, tujuan,
  barang jasa yang mendatangkan kemajuan
  teknologi
• Delapan bidang pokok teknologi
• Construction technology
• Technology of major industries
• Technology of agriculture food production
• Transportation technology
• Technology of information processing of
  communications systems
• Technology of the urban community
• Military technology
• Technology of earth space exploration

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (1)

• Construction technology
• General building construction
• Construction of civil engineering works
• Prefabrication shop fabrication

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (2)

• Technology of major industries
• Principles of organization of work production
• Manufacturing industries
• The fabrication industries
• The process industries
• The construction industries
• The service industries
• The merchandising marketing of consumer goods
• Industrial research marketing of consumer goods
• Industrial research development
• Technology of industrial safety

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (3)

• Technology of agriculture food production
• Technology of agriculture
• Crop farming, Flock stock farming
• Technology of hunting fishing
• Food processing, Food preservation
• Techniques for controlling the quality of food
• Food sources new product development
• The history of agriculture

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (4)

• Transportation technology
• Roads highways their construction
• Vehicles devices for transportation across
  country roads highways
• Rail transportation
• Stationary conveyance systems
• Water transportation
• Air transportation
• Air - cushion machines

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (5)

• Technology of information processing of
  communications systems
• Communication information theory
• Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers
• General information recording devices
• Sound recording reproducing devices
• Information recording by the production of visual
  image the technology of photography
• Information processing
• Major systems of communication
• Major system of detection remote sensing
• Electronic component techniques used in
  communications

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (6)

• Technology of the urban community
• Basic engineering services of the city
• Technology of the basic social services of the
  city
• Technological responses to new urban problems
• History of city engineering

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (7)

• Military technology
• Offensive defensive delivery payload systems
• Logistic systems
• Purely defensive equipment systems

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Klasifikasi TeknologiBerdasarkan Bidang (8)

• Technology of earth space exploration
• Techniques equipment of surface underground
  exploration
• Techniques equipment of space exploration
• Techniques equipment space exploration

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• Parker (1982) 6 tingkat teknologi yang
  berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk baru.
• Tingkat 1 repetitive, simple general
  (craftsmen)
• Tingkat 6 formulasi unambiguous highly
  technological goals, new knowledge, complex
  systems, sophisticated tools of measurement,
  analysis of abstract thinking.
• Lowe (1995) 5 tingkat teknologi.