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East Asia During the Early Modern Era

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East Asia During the Early Modern Era 1450-1750 The Dynasties by Time Period 3500 BCE to 500 BCE China: 3500 BCE to 500 BCE The Xia (2100-1600 BCE) First Dynasty with ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: East Asia During the Early Modern Era


1
East Asia During the Early Modern Era
  • 1450-1750

2
The Dynasties by Time Period
3
3500 BCE to 500 BCE
4
China 3500 BCE to 500 BCE
  • The Xia (2100-1600 BCE) First Dynasty with
    historical records.
  • The Shang (1600 to 1046 BCE) Earliest written
    records take the form of oracle bones.

5
China 500 BCE to 600 CE
  • Period of Warring States (476-221 BCE)
  • Qin (221 BBCE to 206 BCE) Legalism, Burning
    Books, Great Wall
  • Han (202 BCE to 220 CE) First dynasty to
    embrace Confucianism

6
China 600 CE to 1450 CE
  • Tang/Song (618-1234) Gunpowder, compass,
    Neo-Confucianism
  • Mongol/Yuan (1234-1305) Opened Trade Pax
    Mongolica
  • Ming (1368-1644) Mongol influences eradicated
    through policy

7
China 1450 - 1750
  • Ming (1368-1644) Mongol influences eradicated
    through policy.
  • Qing (1644-1911) Emperor conquered Taiwan and
    moved Chinese influence into central Asia.

8
Political and Cultural Changes
  • Qing Dynasty restored integrity in Chinas
    political structure after the lavish imperial
    days of the Ming.
  • Womens conditions worsened with Ming and Qing
    policies.
  • Chinas population grew dramatically as a result
    of American food crops.
  • Importance of silver to economy increased.
  • Maritime trade in the global community decreased
    with late Ming Dynastys policies.

9
Political and Cultural Changes
  • Return of Roman Catholic Christianity through
    missionaries
  • By the end of the period, Christianity had nearly
    disappeared.
  • Popular culture in the cities encouraged
    teahouses, wine shops, popular novels,etc., among
    urban residents.

10
Continuities
  • Tightly centralized
  • Confucian scholars
  • Filial piety
  • Stagnation in Technological Developments

11
Causes and Effects of Japan and Chinas
Population Trends
  • China experienced a dramatic increase while Japan
    had only moderate increases.
  • Both improved agriculture.
  • China imported American food products.
  • Japan had new crop strains, methods of
    irrigation, and the use of fertilizer.
  • Both societies experienced infanticide however,
    contraception, late marriage, and abortion
    contributed to more stagnation in population.

12
Compare relationship between merchants and
government in Europe and China.
  • European monarchs and governments encouraged and
    supported merchants through the establishment of
    trading posts and colonies.
  • Chinese authorities did not adopt policies to
    strengthen both merchants and the state by
    authorizing merchants to pursue their efforts in
    the global community.

13
What factors brought Christianity back to China
after Mongol influence?
  • Matteo Ricci
  • Mastered Chinese language and literature.
  • He shared knowledge of math, astronomy, and
    calendar with Ming court. Matteo Ricci
  • Jesuits showed similarities in philosophies of
    Jesus and Confucius.
  • Jesuits held religious services in the Chinese
    language and allowed converts to continue
    veneration of ancestors.

14
Why didnt Christianity survive the Early Modern
Era in China?
  • Franciscans and Dominicans complained to the pope
    about Jesuits tolerance of ancestor worship and
    Chinese language services.
  • The pope issued proclamations ordering
    missionaries in China to suppress ancestor
    veneration and conduct European-style services.
  • The emperor Kangxi ordered an end to the
    preaching of Christianity in China.

15
What as the primary impact of Christianity in
East Asia during this period?
  • It made European science and technology known in
    China.
  • The Jesuits made China known in Europe.
  • European rulers designed their own civil service
    systems based on Confucian civil service system.
  • The rational morality of Confucianism appealed to
    Enlightenment philosophies.
  • Jesuits stimulated European interest in east
    Asian societies.

16
Political and Cultural Changes in Japan
  • After a period of civil war (sengoku) the tent
    government (bakufu) unified Japan under Tokugawa
    rule.
  • European interaction was interrupted with the
    Tokugawa governments shogun edicts.
  • The daimyo and the samurai lost their position in
    society due to Tokugawa rule.
  • Japanese merchants gained wealth and influence in
    society.
  • Villages moved from subsistence farming into
    production for the market.
  • Dramatic increases in population ceased.

17
Political and Cultural Changes in Japan
  • Floating Worlds of Tokugawa urban culture
    reflected decline in urban societys social
    responsibility and rigid rule.
  • Kabuki and puppet theatre
  • Christianity declined in Japan during this period
    after shoguns ordered a halt to Christian
    missions and commanded Japanese Christians to
    renounce their faith.
  • Japan adopted European ideas from the Dutch,
    including the area of European medicine.

18
Continuities in Japan
  • The shogun was the source of rule during most of
    this period in Japan. The emperor was a
    figurehead.
  • In spite of Tokugawa rule, civil war and
    political instability continued.
  • There was little increase in population.
  • Native scholars continued traditional Japanese
    traditions (xenophobic)

19
Similarities Between Japan and China
  • Both had periods of unified rule.
  • Both ousted Christianity.
  • The Ming/Qing and the Tokugawa both had policies
    that discouraged a relationship with Europe.
  • In both societies, the condition of women
    worsened.
  • Confucianism and Buddhism flourished in both
    societies.
  • Both societies developed urban cultures that
    emphasized entertainment over intellectual
    pursuits.

20
Differences Between Japan and China
  • China had a burst in population and Japan did
    not.
  • Womens conditions were worse in Japan.
  • Merchants were shunned more in Chinas society
    than in Japans.
  • Scholar-bureaucrats were more significant in
    Chinese society.

21
What was traded in exchange for Chinese silk,
porcelain, lacquerware, and tea?
  • Silver
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