Vocabulary Review

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Vocabulary Review

• Ch 47 The Bodys Defense Systems

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A disease that is caused by pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or protists
Infectious Disease
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The scientific study of disease
Pathogen
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A four-stage procedure that Robert Koch
formulated for identifying a specific pathogen as
the cause of a specific disease
Kochs postulates
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The layer of epithelial tissue that covers
internal surfaces of the body and that secretes
mucus
Mucous membrane
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A protective response of tissues affected by
disease or injury, characterized by redness,
swelling, and pain
Inflammatory response
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A chemical that stimulates the autonomous nervous
system, secretion of gastric juices, and dilation
of capillaries
Histamine
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A cell that ingests and destroys (digests)
foreign matter or microorganisms
Phagocyte
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A large leukocyte that contains a lobed nucleus
and many cytoplasmic granules
Neutrophil
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An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and
other materials
Macrophage
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A type of white blood cell that is present in
individuals who have not been immunized and that
kills a variety of cells
Natural killer cell
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A system of proteins that circulate in the
bloodstream and that combine with antibodies to
protect against antigens
Complement system
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A protein that is produced by cells infected by a
virus and that can protect uninfected cells from
reproduction of the virus
Interferon
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The cells and tissues that recognize and attack
foreign substances in the body
Immune system
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A type of white blood cell that exists in two
primary forms, T cells and B cells
Lymphocyte
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The gland that produces T lymphocytes
Thymus
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The largest lymphatic organ in the body serves
as a blood reservoir, disintegrates old red blood
cells, and produces lymphocytes and plasmids
Spleen
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A white blood cell that matures in bones and
makes antibodies
B cell
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A cell that derives from the thymus and that
participates in many immune reactions mediated by
cells
T cell
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A substance that stimulates an immune response
Antigen
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The reaction of the body against an antigen
Immune response
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A white blood cell necessary for B cells to
develop normal levels of antibodies
Helper T Cell
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An immune response that functions to defend cells
against invasion by foreign cells and that
depends on the action of T cells
Cell-mediated immune response
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A type of T cell that recognizes and destroys
infected cells and cancer cells
Cytotoxic T cell
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A type of immune response that is produced by the
action of antibodies within body fluids
Humoral immune response
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A type of white blood cell that produces
antibodies
Plasma cell
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A protein that reacts to a specific antigen or
that inactivates or destroys toxins
Antibody
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An immune system B cell or T cell that does not
respond the first time that it meets with an
antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes
and attacks the antigen or invading cell during
subsequent infections
Memory cell
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The ability to resist an infectious disease
Immunity
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The administration of treated microorganisms or
material from a pathogen into humans or animals
to induce an immune response
Vaccination
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A physical response to an antigen, which can be a
common substance that produces little or no
response in the general population
Allergy
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A lung disorder characterized by labored
breathing due to narrowing of the bronchioles
associated with shortness of breath, wheezing,
and coughing and caused by a reaction to certain
irritants
Asthma
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A disease in which the immune system attacks the
organisms own cells
Autoimmune disease
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease
caused by HIV an infection that results in an
ineffective immune system
AIDS
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Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that
causes AIDS
HIV
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An infection caused by a mircoorganism that
normally does not cause disease but that becomes
pathogenic if the patients immune system is
weakened
Opportunistic infection