SCREENING PROGRAM PURPOSES

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SCREENING PROGRAM PURPOSES

• A screening program serves one or more of the
  following purposes
• To avoid delay in diagnosis.
• To prevent / minimize irreversible damage of a
  treatable disease.
• To reduce exposure to harmful drugs or
  environment.
• To educate parents on recurrence risks and
  provide counseling.
• To provide premarital counseling.

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EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES

• Premarital examination and screening
• Comprehensive antenatal care
• Screen of hereditary diseases during pregnancy
• Neonatal screening programs
• Age specific screening programs

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ANTENATAL SCREENING METHODS

• Maternal blood screening
• Serial ultrasonography
• Amniotic fluid analysis
• Fetal blood analysis

4
METHODS OF PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE

• Improvements of general health and life style
• Prevention of specific diseases
• Screening for diseases with no apparent symptoms
• Earl diagnosis of the diseases with symptoms and
  treatment
• Rehabilitation of the affected persons

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COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL NEONATAL SCREENING
PROGRAM

• An integrated program for systematic
  detection and management of all patients affected
  by one of the disorders in the screening
  battery
• Education of the parents, the public and the
  practitioners about screening and about their
  participation in the activity.
• Reliable acquisition and transportation of an
  adequate specimen.
• Reliable and prompt performance of the screening
  test.

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COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL NEONATAL SCREENING
PROGRAM

• Prompt retrieval and follow-up of individuals
  with abnormal screening tests.
• Accurate diagnosis of individuals with positive
  confirmatory tests.
• Education, genetic counseling, and psychosocial
  support for families with affected infants.
• Appropriate medical management for patients.
• A systematic outcome evaluation.

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PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMOBJECTIVES

• To increase the basic knowledge and heighten the
  awareness of the general public.
• Increase the basic knowledge of the professionals
  about the nature of the diseases screened and the
  benefits of the screening for treatment,
• Prevention/minimization of the complications.

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PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAM METHODS-1

• Religious leaders since many Souras in the Holy
  Cora'an and Hadeethas well as traditional
  proverbs regarding prevention and careful planing
  for the future marriage will support the broad
  concept of screening.
• Special TV programs and Radio talk shows.
• Series of simplified articles in the news papers
  explaining the nature of the diseases, the
  need and benefits.

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PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAM METHODS-2

• Educational pamphlets directed to the public.
• Simplified lectures for the students in the High
  schools and the Universities.
• Scientific medical seminars discussing various
  issues of screening.

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SPECIALTY CLINICS RESPONSIBILITIES-1

• Each of the subspecialty clinics should provide
  comprehensive services and follow up
• Clinical evaluation and confirmatory tests needed
  to reach final diagnosis.
• Provides the necessary urgent and long term
  treatment if it is indicated.
• Institutes prophylactic measures and preventive
  instructions to avoid complications.

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SPECIALTY CLINICS RESPONSIBILITIES-2

• Provides education of parents by trained
  personnel using booklets or visual aids.
• Evaluation of the efficacy of detection,
  management, and treatment which requires routine
  follow-up at regular intervals.
• Develops protocols for management, evaluation and
  quality care improvement program.

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COORDINATOR OF THE SCREENING PROGRAM
RESPONSIBILITIES

• Reviews the screening program policies and
  procedures and revises them if necessary.
• Performs statistical analysis of the results.
• Provides guidance to the physicians and nurses
  with regard to the program.
• Initiates a quality assurance program.
• Maintains the screening program manual
  reviewing, revising and updating.

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DISEASES TO BE SCREENED..?

• Congenital Hypothyroidism
• Hemoglobinopathies Sickle Cell Diseases Ss, Sc,
  And Sb-Thalassemia, Alpha beta Thalassmia,
  Hemoglobin H Dis.
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
• Cystic Fibrosis
• PKU

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WHO SHOULD BE SCREENED ?

• All newborns before the baby is discharged or
  transferred from the nursery, regardless of
  gestational age, birth weight, the nature or
  status of the infant's feeding or age.
• Younger siblings of children previously diagnosed
  with one of the disorders on the screening panel.
• Parents of an infant diagnosed as having G-6-PD
  deficiency or hemoglobinopathy.
• Pre-marriage medical examination of men and women
  before marriage.

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SCREENING PROCEDURES

• The SpecimenAn adequate specimen should be
  provided to the laboratory for analysis. Tube
  collection or dried filter paper specimen can be
  collected depending on the method which will be
  used by the laboratory.
• Laboratory Results Reporting The laboratory
  will provide a copy of the results to the
  following 1. Patient's file.2. Designated
  physician in each facility3. Newborn screening
  program coordinator for statistical analysis and
  the computer program.

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SCREENING PROGRAM COMPUTER DATA
BASEUtilization of the Data Base Program

• On line record of the results available whenever
  it is needed.
• Birth registry for all the newborns.
• Facilitates periodic and final analysis for
  epidemiological and administrational analysis to
  Government Planing Authorities for health care
  facilities , social services and rehabilitation
  centers and education.
• Development of Quality Control and
  Quality Improvement programs.