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Chapter 8: Vitamins and Minerals

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Title: Chapter 8: Vitamins and Minerals


1
Chapter 8 Vitamins and Minerals
2
Define the Following Terms
  • 1. antioxidantssubstances that protect body
    cells and the immune system from damage by
    harmful chemicals in air and foods.
  • 2. electrolyte mineralssodium, chloride, and
    potassium, which control and balance fluid flow
    in and out of cells.
  • 3. fat-soluble vitaminsvitamins absorbed and
    transported by fat.

3
  • 4. free-radicalsharmful by-product excreted
    when cells burn oxygen to produce energy.
  • 5. hypertensionhigh-blood pressure linked to
    high salt intake.
  • 6. iron-deficiency anemialack of enough iron in
    the body, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and
    shortness of breath.

4
  • 7. major mineralsmacrominerals with special
    duties in the body calcium, phosphorus,
    magnesium, sodium, chloride, and potassium.
  • 8. osteomalaciaa disease caused by a lack of
    vitamin D in adults.
  • 9. osteoporosiscondition caused by calcium
    deficiency bones become porous, weak, fragile.

5
  • 10. picaCondition linked to iron deficiency
    causes unusual appetite for ice, clay, and other
    nonfood items.
  • 11. toxicityexcessive amount of substance that
    reacts as poison in the body.
  • 12. trace mineralsminerals needed in only small
    amounts but serving vital body functions.

6
  • 13. water-soluble vitaminsvitamins dissolve in
    water and pass easily into the bloodstream during
    digestion.

7
Answer the following questions
  • 1. Why are vitamins and minerals called
    micronutrients?
  • They are needed in smaller amounts than other
    nutrients.

8
2. Why are some vitamins considered to be
antioxidants?
  • They protect body cells and the immune system by
    either transforming harmful free radicals into
    less damaging compounds or repairing damaged
    cells.

9
3. Compare water-soluble and fat-soluble
vitamins.
  • Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are
    carried in the bloodstream they are not stored,
    and excess amounts are eliminated with waste
    products. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed and
    transported by fat excess amounts are stored by
    the body for later use.

10
4. What does vitamin C do for you?
  • Helps maintain healthy capillaries, bones, skin,
    and teeth. Helps your body heal wounds and
    resist infections. Aids in the absorption of
    iron and works as an antioxidant. Plays a role
    in caring for collagen that gives structure to
    bones, cartilage, muscle, and blood vessels.

11
5. One family stored milk in small, clear
containers. What do you think of this practice?
  • Not good because light through the containers
    will destroy riboflavin in the milk.

12
6. What function in the body do riboflavin,
niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B5, and
biotin have in common?
  • They are all involved in using carbohydrates,
    proteins, and fats.

13
7. Why is folate a very important vitamin?
  • It helps the body use proteins, builds red blood
    cells, and forms genetic material. It prevents
    birth defects that damage the brain and spinal
    cord.

14
8. What can occur with vitamin A deficiency?
  • Rough, scaly skin and infections in the
    respiratory tract and other areas of the body
    causes night blindness and total blindness in
    many children in developing countries.

15
9. What is toxicity?
  • An excessive amount of a substance that is
    poisonous in the body.

16
10. What are two ways to get vitamin D?
  • Through exposure to sunlight and in fortified
    milk.

17
11. Why do cooks need to pay particular
attention to the ways that foods are prepared?
  • Some cooking techniques can destroy certain
    vitamins.

18
12. Compare major and trace minerals.
  • The amount of trace minerals the body needs is
    much smaller than the amount of major minerals
    needed.

19
13. Why do teens need to think about
osteoporosis?
  • Bone mass builds u p during childhood, the teen
    years, and young adulthood, so care taken to
    consume calcium during early life can prevent the
    disease from developing later.

20
14. Why are sodium, chloride, and potassium
called electrolyte minerals?
  • They form chemical particles called electrolytes,
    which attract fluids. Cells move electrolytes
    through cell walls as needed to balance fluids
    and keep cells from collapsing or bursting.

21
15. What can help reduce hypertension?
  • Lowering intake of table salt.

22
16. What are some signs of iron-deficiency
anemia?
  • Being tired, weak, short of breath, pale, and
    cold.

23
17. One teen chewed on ice to the point that her
friends noticed and commented on the frequency.
What might be wrong?
  • She might have pica, an unusual appetite for ice,
    clay, or other nonfood items, indicating an iron
    deficiency.

24
18. Why is fluoride needed in the diet?
  • To prevent tooth decay and strengthen bones.

25
19. What do you think about the trend to fortify
many food products with vitamins and minerals?
  • Might help some people, but also has the
    potential to cause toxic excesses

26
How does your diet rate?
27
Balanced Diet Good Health
28
  • The End
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