Bone and Joint Disorders & Diseases Yes, you better drink

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Bone and Joint Disorders Diseases

• Yes, you better drink your milk!

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Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
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Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
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Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

• Adolescence
• Epiphyseal plates become ossified and long bone
  growth ends
• Size of cranium in relationship to body
• 2 years oldskull is larger in proportion to the
  body compared to that of an adult
• 8 or 9 years oldskull is near adult size and
  proportion
• Between ages 6 and 11, the face grows out from
  the skull

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Spinal Curvatures

• Scoliosis
• Curving of the spine
• Lordosis
• inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral
  column
• Kyphosis
• curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the
  back,which leads to a hunchback or slouching
  posture

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Spinal Curvatures
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Osteoporosis

• Bone-thinning disease afflicting
• 50 of women over age 65
• 20 of men over age 70
• Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily
  fracture
• Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a
  female skeleton

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta

• Sometimes known as Brittle Bone Disease
• An autosomal dominant genetic disorder that
  causes people to be born without the appropriate
  amount or quality of collagen

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Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints

• Bursitis
• Inflammation of a bursa (small fluid filled sac
  providing cushioning in a joint) usually caused
  by a blow or friction
• Tendonitis
• Inflammation of tendon sheaths

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Arthritis

• Inflammation of joints and the breakdown of
  cartilage, which normally protects the joint,
  allowing for smooth movement
• 1 in 3 adult Americans suffer from some form of
  arthritis
• Affects about twice as many women as men
• Over 100 different types
• The most widespread crippling disease in the US

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Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis
• Most common chronic arthritis
• Probably related to normal aging processes
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• An autoimmune disease (the immune system attacks
  the joints)
• Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of
  certain joints
• Often leads to deformities

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Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Gouty arthritis
• Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition
  of uric acid crystals from the blood
• Can usually be controlled with diet

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Pagets Disease

• Chronic bone condition characterized by disorder
  of the normal bone remodeling process
• Not synchronized
• Bone that is formed is abnormal, enlarged, not as
  dense, brittle, and prone to breakage
• It's estimated that 1 of adults in the U.S. have
  Paget's disease
• Cause unknown

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Rickets

• Rickets is a disorder caused by a deficiency of
  vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate
• It leads to softening and weakening of the bones
  and is seen most commonly in children 6-24 months
  of age
• There are several subtypes of rickets

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Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ)

• Where the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw
  (mandible)
• Stiffness, headaches, ear pain, bite problems
  (malocclusion), clicking sounds, or locked jaws

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TMJ Causes

• The following are behaviors or conditions that
  can lead to TMJ disorders
• Teeth grinding
• Habitual gum chewing or fingernail biting
• Dental problems and misalignment of the teeth
  (malocclusion)
• Trauma to the jaws
• Stress (frequently leads to unreleased nervous
  energy)
• Occupational tasks (such as holding the telephone
  between the head and shoulder)

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

• Rare but dominant genetic disorder that turns
  muscles, tendons and ligaments into bone,
  threatening to transform the victim into "a
  statue of stone

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

• The average age at the onset of misplaced bone
  formation is 5 years (range from birth to 25
  years)
• By the age of 15 years, more than 95 of the
  patients have severely restricted mobility of the
  arms

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Craniosynostosis

• Congenital (present at birth) defect that causes
  one or more sutures on a baby's head to close
  earlier than normal
• Sutures are connections that separate each
  individual skull bones
• The early closing of a suture leads to an
  abnormally shaped head

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Craniosynostosis