BRIEF OVERVIEW GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BRIEF OVERVIEW GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS

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BRIEF OVERVIEW GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS Dimension Stone Quarried dimension stone has been used as a building material dating to 6000 BC in Jericho ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BRIEF OVERVIEW GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS


1
BRIEF OVERVIEWGEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONSOFROCK
MECHANICS
2
Part 1
ROCK DURABILITY AND USE AS DIMENSION STONE
3
Dimension Stone
  • Quarried dimension stone has been used as a
    building material dating to 6000 BC in Jericho
  • Used extensively for foundations, bridges,
    aqueducts, road surfacing, and military
    fortifications

4
Machu Picchu, in Peru
Apennine highway in Italy
Tioga Pass near Yosemite
One of the most common applications of dimension
stone has been construction of gravity retaining
walls, usually in mountainous areas with steep
bedrock slopes.
5
  • Nimrods Castle was built by European Crusaders
    in the 12th Century using basalt blocks and
    limestone
  • Earthen mounds were often built over tels, or
    rubble piles, from previous cities or citadels,
    to gain elevation advantage for defense

6
  • Low porosity crystalline rock, such as granite,
    has always been desirable because of its superior
    durability
  • Massive rocks tend to be less intensely jointed
    or weathered, but also
  • Harder to excavate

7
  • Cyclopean masonry rock retaining wall supporting
    a highway in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Note
    tunnel at middle right excavated in rock to
    convey river flow.

8
RQD
  • Rock Quality Designation index, or RQD, was
    introduced by Don Deere in 1963. It judges rock
    quality based solely on measurements of recovered
    rock core (above left) in 10 foot increments,
    based on percent recovery and percentage of the
    pieces longer than 4 inches.

9
RQD
  • RQD S pieces gt 4 long (100) total length
    cored
  • 100-90 Excellent
  • 90-75 Good
  • 75-50 Fair
  • 50-25 Poor
  • lt25 Very poorthe reported RQD value varies
    along the scan line of the recovered core

10
  • The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) System, or
    Geomechanics Classification, was introduced by
    Dick Bieniawski in 1972-73. It has been
    continually refined, base don case studies of
    actual excavations.

11
  • Rock is a subjective term. Karl Terzaghi
    arbitrarily defined hard rock as any natural
    material having qu gt 4000 psi, which is same as
    structural concrete.

12
  • Even the hardest rocks are perturbed by
    discontinuitities such as these sheet joints,
    which are essentially tensile fractures, which
    form a never ending series of blocks.
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