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The Restoration Movement The Need for Restoration J.W

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Title: The Restoration Movement The Need for Restoration J.W


1
The Restoration Movement
The Need for Restoration
2
Establishment of the Church
  • Jesus I will build my church (Matt. 1618)
  • Church established in Acts 2
  • Command to Repent and be baptized (38)
  • Those who received the word were baptized (41)
  • About 3,000 souls were added to them (41)
  • The Lord added the saved to the church (47)
  • Jesus The gates of Hades shall not prevail
    against it (Matt. 1618)
  • The church is recognized by its characteristics

3
Characteristics of the Church
  • Its founder is Christ (Matt. 1618)
  • Its head is Christ (Eph. 122)
  • Its foundation is Christ (1 Cor. 311)
  • Its authority (charter, creed) is Gods word
  • Rom. 116 2 Tim. 316-17
  • Its terms of membership Baptized believers
    added by Christ
  • Matt. 2818-20
  • Mark 1615, 16
  • Acts 238-47

4
  • It is unified as one body
  • Christ prayed for unity (John 1720-21)
  • Characterized by the ones of Eph. 44-6
  • Its unity defined by same mind and speaking
    the same thing (1 Cor. 110)
  • Its members are Christians only
  • Acts 1126 1 Peter 416
  • Rejected the names of men (1 Cor. 111-15)
  • Each congregation is autonomous and overseen by
    an eldership with authority only in that
    congregation
  • Acts 1421-23 1 Peter 52

5
Worship of the Church
  • Word of God is preached (Acts 242)
  • Lords Supper each Sunday
  • Acts 207 1 Cor. 1126 1 Cor. 162
  • Congregational prayer (Acts 242)
  • Giving of means (1 Cor. 162)
  • Not tithing
  • Every Sunday
  • Precludes raising money by other means
  • A cappella, congregational singing
  • Col. 316-17 Eph. 519-21

6
Apostasy Predicted
  • False teachers would arise from elderships to
    cause division (Acts 2028-30)
  • Men that speak liesforbidding to marry and
    commanding to abstain from meats (1 Tim. 41-3)
  • Will turn away their ears from the truth (2
    Tim. 42-4)
  • Bishops gained control over local elderships
  • Promoted apostasy of the Church
  • This was during the Ante-Nicene Period
  • Between the end of New Testament era and the
    Nicene council (325 A.D).

7
  • Catholic papacy established 606 A.D. when
    Boniface III was designated as Universal Bishop
    of the Church
  • Martin Luther composed his 95 Theses and began
    the Reformation Movement in 1517
  • John Calvin wrote his Institutes of the
    Christian Religion in 1536
  • Church of England was state religion in America
    until 1785 - Thomas Jeffersons Bill for
    Religious Freedom passed in Virginia.
  • Church and State union was finally abolished in
    1791 with the ratification of the Bill of Rights
    (1st amendment)

8
The Restoration Movement
Its Cause and Plea
9
Forerunners of R.M.
  • Predecessors of the R.M. paved the way
  • John Wycliffe (1324-1384)
  • John Huss (1373-1415)
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546)
  • Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
  • John Calvin (1509-1564)
  • Jacob Arminius (1560-1609)
  • In all ages Christendom has not lacked minds
    independent enough to cut away what they
    considered corrupt or rotten in ecclesiastical
    teaching and life. (Preserved Smith)

10
Timeline of the Reformation Movement
1611
1415
1517
1536
1384
1725
1678
1794
1455
1564
Pilgrims Progress
Calvins Institutes
John Wycliffe dies
Gutenberg Press
Wesleys Conversion
Luthers Theses
King James Bible
John Huss Burned
James OKelly
Tyndale burned
Zwingli dies
1492Columbus Discovers America
11
Causes of the R.M.
  • Bible more accessible to common man
  • Multiplicity of denominations and creeds
    demonstrated failure of reformation movement
  • As more people studied the N.T. they realized
    that religious division was sinful.
  • (1 Cor. 110 Eph. 44 John 1721)
  • Arrogance and ignorance of clergy
  • Reaction to Total Hereditary Depravity doctrine
    Idea of infant sin repulsive

12
Principles of the R.M.
  • Recognition of Christ as supreme authority in
    religion
  • Recognition of N.T. as only rule of faith and
    practice in religion
  • Proper distinction between O.T. / N.T.
  • Recognition of N.T. pattern for church
  • Autonomy of local church
  • Unity of all Christians

13
The Plea of the R.M.
  • The Bible and the Bible alone is all sufficient
    in matters of faith and life
  • The one church that Jesus spoke of is His only
    church (Matt. 1618)
  • To wear the name of Christ only thus Christians
    (Acts 1126) make up the churches of Christ (Rom.
    1616)
  • Christ is the only head and has all authority in
    His church (Matt. 2818)

14
The Plea of the R.M.
  • Christ is our only creed
  • 19th century men of the restoration said
  • No creed but Christ
  • No law but the Lords
  • No book but the Bible
  • No name but the Masters
  • Only the ordinances of Christ
  • The Lords Supper (1 Cor. 1123-26)
  • Baptism (Acts 238 Mark 1616 1 Peter 321)
  • The Lords Day ( Acts 207 1 Cor. 162)

15
The Plea of the R.M.
  • Plea for terms of admission into Christ
  • Hear (Rom. 1017)
  • Believe (Heb. 116)
  • Repent (Acts 1730)
  • Confess (Rom. 1010)
  • Be Baptized (Acts 2216 Rom. 63, 4)
  • A Plea for the worship Christ established
  • Forsaking the precepts of men (Matt. 159)
  • Thus saith the Lord for all of worship

16
The Restoration Plea
  • Where the Bible speaks, we speak,
  • Where the Bible is silent, we are silent.
  • Call Bible things by Bible names,
  • Do Bible things in Bible ways.
  • In matters of faith, unity.
  • In matters of opinion, liberty.
  • In all matters, charity.

17
Restoration Leaders
18
Smith/Jones
Campbell
Stone
OKelley/Haggard
19
James OKelley1738-1826
20
James OKelley
  • Began preaching in Methodist church during
    revolutionary war
  • Heavily influenced by John Wesley
  • Withdrew from Methodist General Council November
    1792
  • Established Republican Methodist church Aug. 1794
    in Old Lebanon, VA
  • 1801 changed name to Christian Church
  • OKelley maintained that sprinkling was baptism
    and never rejected that error

21
Monument on OKelleys Grave
22
Rice Haggard
  • Began preaching in Methodist Episcopal church in
    1789 in Virginia
  • Withdrew from Methodist General Council Nov. 1792
  • Left with James OKelly and others
  • Resigned as preacher about two weeks later
  • At Old Lebanon church (VA) Haggard moved
  • The Bible be the rule and guide for the church
  • They discard human names and be be called only
    Christians
  • Moved to Kentucky about 1812
  • Died in Ohio about 1819

23
Haggards Six Reasons Disciples Should Wear the
Name Christian
  • Because it is significantthe word Christ means
    anointed
  • Because the Scriptures favor that as the name
    most proper for the church. It was given by
    divine authority
  • The Church of Christ is one body and one name is
    enough for the same body

24
  • Because Christ and his church aredesignated
    under the endearing relation of husband and wife.
    And there is a real propriety in a woman being
    called by the name of her husband
  • The Church of Christ is a spiritual house.
    Knowing that a house divided against itself
    cannot stand
  • (Rice Haggard, An Address to the
    DifferentReligious Societies on the Sacred
    Import of the Christian Name)

25
Elias Smith1769-1846
26
Elias Smith
  • Father was Baptist, mother was Congregationalist
  • Sprinkled as a child in mothers church, later
    baptized and joined Baptist church (1779)
  • First sermon, Search the Scriptures 1790
  • 1801 moved to New England doubts Baptist
    doctrine, especially Calvinism
  • Founded religious newspaper Sept. 1, 1808
  • Called Herald of Gospel Liberty
  • Probably first religious newspaper to be
    published
  • Embraced and then opposed Denominationalism,
    Calvinism, and Universalism

27
  • Called Universalism An invention of the Devil
  • Christian Universalism is the position that all
    of mankind will be saved whether they believe in
    Christ or not. Denies eternal punishment.
  • Embraced universalism three times in life
  • Renounced universalism before his death
  • Established several Christian churches
  • These points maintained in Herald
  • No head over the church but Christ
  • No confession of faith, articles of religion,
    rubric, canons, creeds etc. but the New Testament
  • No religious name but Christians

28
Reasons for Leaving the Baptist Church Elias
Smith
  • Their name Baptist, which is unscriptural. One
    man was called a baptist, but no churches
  • Articles, which are an addition to the perfect
    law of liberty these they held and I disowned
    them.
  • Association of churches, which is contrary to the
    New Testament, and anti-Christian.

29
  • Holding to the necessity of a college education
    to be ministers of the gospel. This is contrary
    to the New Testament
  • The Baptists held to missionary societies, which
    is nothing more or less than the old Jesuits plan
    invoked first by a monk
  • The Baptists hold to councils to ordain ministers
    and settle disputes. These are unscriptural.
  • They hold to installing, or re-installing
    ministers, a practice not intimated in any part
    of the Bible
  • (Elias Smith, Life, Conversion, Preaching,
    Travel, Suffering)

30
Abner Jones1772-1841
31
Abner Jones
  • Baptized in Baptist church 1793
  • Became a preacher in Freewill Baptist church
  • Stipulated that he only be called a Christian
  • Dismayed that Baptist name not in Bible
  • 1801 Established a church in Lyndon, Vermont with
    about a dozen - called Christians only
  • Disturbed in regard to Sectarian names and human
    creeds
  • Jones and Elias Smith close associates in work

32
  • I felt my mind much tried about what my
    brethren called the mysterious doctrines of the
    gospel, viz, election, reprobation, decrees, for
    I plainly discovered that they preached complete
    contradictions on the subject, and I read that no
    lie is of the truth and contradictions must be
    lies. Thus, my mind was in great perplexity
    concerning these things, which caused me to
    review them, and compare them by the scriptures
    of truthI found I had embraced many things
    without proper examination.(Abner Jones, Life,
    Experiences, Travels, and Preaching)

33
Barton Warren Stone1772-1844
34
Barton W. Stone
  • Born Dec. 24, 1772 near Port Tobacco, MD
  • 1790 Heard James McGready preach in N.C.
  • Was convicted of his sin
  • Thought he could not respond had to wait on God
  • Later heard William Hodge preach about Gods love
    and responded. Decided to go into the ministry.
  • 1796 Received license to preach in Presbyterian
    Church. Preached in N.C.
  • Moved to Knoxville, then Nashville
  • Encountered many dangers including Indians
  • Went to Kentucky to preach at Concord and Cane
    Ridge

35
  • At ordination was asked if he accepted the
    Westminster Confession of Faith as containing the
    system of doctrine taught in the Bible. He said
    I do as far as I see it consistent with the Word
    of God
  • August 1801 20 30,000 attended the Cane Ridge
    Revival camping around the building.
  • Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist preachers
  • Exercises like the jerks occurred. People would
    be seized by jerks, fall unconscious, wake to
    praise God.

36
Cane Ridge Meeting House
37
Cane Ridge Revival - 1801
38
  • 1803 Stone and four other preachers withdrew from
    the (Presbyterian) Synod of Kentucky
  • Came after McNemar was tried before the synod and
    charged with being an Armenian
  • This happened because of the Cane Ridge Revival
  • These five organized their 15 churches into the
    Springfield Presbytery
  • 1804 The Last Will and Testament of the
    Springfield Presbytery marked the end of the
    Springfield Presbytery

39
  • The group was now without an identity
  • They had been nicknamed New Lights
  • Rice Haggard suggested they be called Christians
    Only and thus they rejected man-made titles
  • Rice Haggard had made this same move ten years
    previous to this when with James OKelley
  • 1807 This group studied and practiced baptism by
    immersion - almost all were baptized
  • 1824 Alexander Campbell and Stone met
  • 1826 Stone began the Christian Messenger
  • 1832 The Stone movement and Campbell movement
    held a Unity Meeting Raccoon John Smith
    represented the Campbell movement. Campbell was
    not aware of it.

40
(No Transcript)
41
William Rogers Tombstone
  • William RogersBorn In Campbell Co., VA. July
    7, 1784,Removed With His Father ToCane Ridge,
    Bourbon Co., Apr. 1798United With The Church
    Of ChristAt Cane Ridge In 1807Died Feb. 15,
    1862In The 78th Year Of His Age

42
Thomas Campbell1763-1854
43
Thomas Campbell
  • Born and raised in County Down, Ireland
  • Reared in the Church of England
  • Became dissatisfied, joined Presbyterian
  • Old Light Anti-Burgher Seceder Presbyterian
  • Preacher and professor in Presbyterian church
    from 1791 till leaving for America -April 8, 1807
  • Arrived Philadelphia May 13, 1807
  • Started preaching in Washington, PA
  • Charges brought against him by his presbytery
  • Withdrew from Presbyterian Sept. 13, 1808

44
  • Continued to preach independently
  • Sinfulness of sectarian division
  • Need for wider Christian fellowship
  • Importance of following scriptures, not creeds
  • Aug. 17, 1809 Organized Christian Association of
    Washington in Washington, PA
  • Not intended to be a church
  • Its statement of purpose said it was
  • Voluntary advocates for church reformation
    formed for the sole purpose of promoting simple
    evangelical Christianity
  • Supported preachers who Reduced to practice that
    simple form of Christianity, expressly exhibited
    on the sacred page

45
  • Thomas Campbell was authorized to write a formal
    statement declaring the purpose of the Christian
    Association
  • He wrote the Declaration and Address
  • Sep. 7, 1809 the Christian Association adopted
    the Declaration and Address and authorized its
    publication
  • At this meeting Campbell summarized the
    associations purpose when he said We speak
    where the Bible speaks, and we are silent where
    the Bible is silent
  • Thomas was rejoined with his family (including
    Alexander) just a few weeks after writing the
    Declaration and Address

46
Original Tombstone
Thomas Campbell
New Tombstone
47
Alexander Campbell1788-1866
48
Alexander Campbell
  • Born Sept. 12, 1788 in Antrim county, Ireland to
    Thomas and Jane Campbell
  • Trained from a youth in scripture and critical
    thinking by his father
  • Departed Ireland with mother and siblings to go
    to America Oct. 1, 1808 at 21 years of age.
  • Shipwrecked in Scotland Oct. 7
  • Devoted his life to preaching while awaiting
    rescue
  • Entered Glasgow University Nov. 8
  • Influenced by movements of James and Robert
    Haldane, John Glas, and Robert Sandeman

49
  • Alexander was required to be examined before the
    elders of the Seceder Presbyterian church before
    he could partake of the communion while in
    Glasgow.
  • He passed the examination and was given a token
    as proof
  • He placed his token in the communion plate and
    walked away
  • This was his break from Presbyterianism
  • Departed Scotland Aug. 4, 1809 and landed with
    his family in New York on Sept. 29
  • Thomas left his home in Washington, PA to meet
    them as they traveled
  • Neither father nor son knew of the others
    departure from Presbyterianism and desire to
    restore New Testament Christianity until they met
    again in America.

50
  • Upon reading the Declaration and Address
    Alexander devoted himself to preaching the
    principles it contained.
  • Alexander told his father that he would retire
    for six months to carefully study the Bible, and
    that he would devote his life to preaching
    without receiving financial compensation.
  • Preached first sermon to Christian Association
    July 15, 1810 in an outdoor meeting
  • In first year of preaching preached 106 sermons
  • Christian association built church building at
    Brush Run - Became the Brush Run church

51
  • March 12, 1811 Married Margaret Brown, daughter
    of John Brown
  • Birth of his first child, Jane, caused him to
    question infant baptism, which he rejected
  • His study of baptism convinced him to be
    baptized. A preacher named Matthias Luse agreed
    to baptize him.
  • Wed. June 12, 1812 Alexander was baptized in
    Buffalo Creek Seven others including Thomas and
    Jane Campbell were baptized.
  • This caused the Baptists to take an interest
  • The Redstone Association of Baptists invited the
    Brush Run church to join them. They did.

52
  • The Brush Run church drew up a statement of its
    beliefs to put before the Redstone Assoc.
  • It remonstrated against all human creeds
  • Expressed willingness to cooperate under
    condition that the church could preach and teach
    what it believed the Bible taught
  • Brush Run was admitted to Redstone Assoc. in 1813
    with only small objection from minority
  • The members of the Brush Run church moved
    together to Zanesville, Ohio - Alexander Campbell
    stayed when John Brown offered to give him is
    mansion and farm.
  • Campbell and others established a church in
    Wellsburg They were opposed by Baptists.

53
Campbells home with study on the left
Exterior and interior views of Campbells study
54
  • Campbell gave his famous Sermon on the Law
    before the Redstone Assoc. in 1816
  • Denominations did not distinguish between the two
    covenants
  • Campbell argued law of Moses not binding on
    Christians Caused him to be charged with heresy
  • Jan. 1818 started Buffalo Seminary in his home,
    tuition 5 a quarter It was short lived
  • Campbells first debate was June 1820 with John
    Walker (Presbyterian) on the subject and mode of
    baptism (infant baptism, sprinkling)
  • Walker likened baptism to circumcision and argued
    that infants had a right to it Campbell
    stressed distinction between O.T. and N.T.

55
  • Aug. 1823 the Wellsburg church left the Redstone
    Assoc. - Joined the Mahoning Assoc. which was
    closer to restoration principles
  • Aug. 3, 1823 Campbell began The Christian
    Baptist
  • October, 1923 Campbell debated W.L. McCalla near
    Washington, KY on subject and mode of baptism
    Sidney Rigdon was his moderator
  • In this debate Campbell argued that baptism is
    for remission of sins and infants have no sins

56
  • The Christian Baptist paper ceased publication at
    the close of 1829
  • Campbell feared Christian Baptist would be used
    as a party name for those favoring restoration
  • The spirit of the paper had been contentious
  • Jan. 4, 1830 Campbell began publishing the
    Millennial Harbinger
  • Campbell believed in a millennium when The
    nations of this world are all to become the
    kingdoms of our King
  • Campbell said of the Millennial Harbinger that
    It shall have for its object the development
    and introduction of that political and religious
    order of society called THE MILLENNIUM

57
  • Some religious editors in Kentucky call those
    who are desirous of seeing the ancient order of
    things restored, the Restorationers, the
    Campbellites, and the most reproachful epithets
    are showered upon them because they have some
    conscientious regard for the Divine Author and
    the divine authority of the New Testament This
    may go down very well with some but all who fear
    God and keep his commandments will pity and
    deplore the weakness and folly of those who
    either think to convince or to persuade by such
    means. (A. Campbell Christian Baptist, Nov. 6,
    1826)

58
  • 1830 The Mahoning Association was dissolved
  • Preacher named John Henry stood and said
  • I charge you to look out what you are about to
    do here we want nothing here which the word of
    the Lord will not sanction.
  • He then motioned the assoc. be dissolved, it
    carried
  • April 13, 1829 Campbell met Robert Owen, champion
    of atheists, for a debate
  • Had said he would not draw a bow unless he could
    shoot at the champion of skeptics himself
  • 1,200 people were present on last day of debate

59
(No Transcript)
60
  • 1841 Bethany College began with Campbell as
    president
  • He was
  • President of a college
  • Editor of a paper
  • Preacher
  • Debater
  • Lecturer
  • President of a missionary society
  • Died March 4, 1866 after an extended illness
  • Often quoted scripture in English, Greek, Hebrew
    while on his death bed.

61
Alexander Campbell
Campbells Tombstone
62
Walter Scott1796-1861
63
Walter Scott
  • Born in Moffat, Scotland October 31, 1796
  • Raised in Scotch Presbyterian home
  • Educated at University of Edinburgh
  • Came to New York July 7, 1818
  • Walked with a friend to Pittsburg in 1819
  • Became teacher at academy under George Forrester,
    principal and preacher
  • Learned from Forrester to take the Bible as his
    only guide and questioned infant baptism

64
  • Realized the great central theme of Christianity
    was that Jesus is the Messiah. He called this
    The Golden Oracle
  • Met Alexander Campbell in winter of 1821-22
  • Each recognized greatness in the other
  • Both believed baptism was for the remission of
    sins
  • Scott convinced Campbell to call his paper The
    Christian Baptist instead of The Christian to
    disarm prejudice among Baptists
  • Scott became evangelist for Mahoning Assoc.
  • First sermon as evangelist preached baptism for
    remission of sins and baptized William Amend

65
  • Jan. 1832 began paper called The Evangelist
  • Scott wrote a book called The Gospel Restored
  • He was appointed an elder in 1844
  • Started Covington College, a female academy, in
    Mayslick, KY. Visited there by Tolbert Fanning
    and Benjamin Franklin July, 1855
  • He wrote another book called The Messiahship, or
    Great Demonstration, not well received
  • Died April 23, 1861 in Mayslick, KY
  • Had lost two wives, third marriage hard on him
  • Greatly in remorse about the Civil War
  • Campbell said I knew him well. I knew him long.
    I love him much...methinks I see him in Abrahams
    bosom."

66
Raccoon John Smith1784-1868
67
Raccoon John Smith
  • Born Oct. 15, 1784 to George and Rebecca Smith in
    Sullivan County, East Tennessee
  • The Smiths moved to Clinton County, KY when he
    was about twelve or thirteen
  • His parents were Baptists and strict Calvinists
  • In the year 1801 he became deeply concerned on
    the subject of religion, but soon went into
    Universalism and began to sow his wild oats
  • His father died March 20, 1804 and that caused
    him to take religion more seriously.

68
  • He joined the Baptist church December 1804
  • He struggled with Calvinistic ideas
  • He married Anna Townsend December, 1806
  • He bought land in Huntsville, AL and moved there
    with his family
  • One day while he was away preaching a disaster
    happened that changed his life
  • Anna was out visiting a sick person
  • Their house caught fire with his son and daughter
    trapped in it
  • They died in the fire and Anna died soon after
    from depression

69
  • This event caused him to begin to doubt Calvinism
    (Total Depravity and Unconditional election)
    were his children lost?
  • After this event he was stricken with the cold
    plague and lay for months at the point of death
  • He read Campbells Christian Baptist and agreed
    with the restoration principles
  • Represented the Campbell movement at unity
    meetings with the Stone movement
  • First meeting at Georgetown, KY Dec. 23-26 1831
  • Meeting at Lexington, KY beginning Jan. 1, 1832
  • Lasted four days and ended with unity between the
    two movements
  • Smith and Stone shook hands in fellowship

70
Stained Glass of Unity Meeting Depicting Smith
and Stone
71
John Smiths Statementat Unity Meeting
  • "Let us, then, my brethren, be no longer
    Campbellites or Stoneites, New Lights or Old
    Lights, or any other kind of lights, but let us
    all come to the Bible, and to the Bible alone, as
    the only book in the world that can give us all
    the Light we need."

72
Smiths Cabin in Monticello, KY
73
Died Feb. 29, 1868
74
Tolbert Fanning1810-1874
75
Tolbert Fanning
  • Born in Cannon County, TN May 10, 1810
  • Lived in Lauderdale County, AL ages 8-19
  • Allowed to go to school 3-6 months of the year
  • Mother was a Baptist, father was not religious
  • Methodism was prominent religion in community
  • Felt he could not understand the Bible without
    special illumination from God
  • He was taught All men are in a total state of
    darkness and must remain so till illuminated by
    special communications of the Spirit

76
  • Baptized by James E. Matthews in 1827
  • Was seventeen years old
  • At gospel meeting in Lauderdale County, AL
  • Spent three years in studying the Bible then
    began preaching
  • Thousands attended his meetings
  • Entered Nashville University November, 1831 and
    graduated in 1835
  • While in college he made a preaching tour with
    Alexander Campbell in Ohio and KY
  • In 1836 he made another preaching tour with
    Alexander Campbell through Ohio, New York,
    Canada, New England, and the eastern cities

77
  • 1837 was married to Charlotte Fall and opened a
    female school in Franklin, TN
  • 1840 moved to Nashville and taught another female
    school there till 1842
  • Charter granted by Tennessee to build Franklin
    College on January 30, 1844
  • Franklin College began on January 1, 1845
  • Bro. Fanning was elected first president
  • Resigned presidency to W.D. Carnes in 1861
  • Began the Christian Review in 1844
  • Four years later turned it over to J.B. Ferguson
  • Ferguson changed its name to Christian Magazine
  • Ferguson closed the magazine in 1853
  • Ferguson deviated into error and denominationalism

78
  • Began Gospel Advocate in 1855 with William
    Lipscomb, David Lipscombs older brother
  • GA halted publication during the Civil War 1861
  • Continued GA after civil war with David Lipscomb
    as co-editor in 1866
  • Used the Gospel Advocate to voice his opposition
    to missionary societies
  • Was struck with sickness last of April, 1874
  • He died May 3, 1874
  • It was on a Sunday
  • He called for the brethren to break bread with
    him
  • Asked them to sing songs of worship
  • He died at 1230 that afternoon

79
Fanning Historical Marker
Corner of Briley Pkwy. And Vultee Blvd.
Nashville, TN
80
J.W. McGarvey1829-1911
81
J.W. McGarvey
  • Born in Hopkinsville, KY March 1, 1829
  • His father died in 1833 and his mother re-married
    some time later
  • 1839 family moved to Tremont, Ill.
  • Entered Bethany college and was baptized by Prof.
    Pendleton in April, 1848
  • Decided soon after to become a preacher
  • He graduated with honors from Bethany
  • 1851 began preaching for the church in Fayette,
    Illinois

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  • In 1853 was married to Ottie Hix of Fayette
  • Moved to Dover, Ill. Where he preached and held
    five debates with various parties
  • 1862 started working with the church in
    Lexington, KY and published his first commentary
    on the book of Acts which had taken 3.5 years
  • 1865 accepted a chair in College of the Bible
  • He was opposed to Christians being involved in
    the Civil War
  • He was opposed to instrumental music but
    supported missionary societies
  • He died Sept. 12, 1912

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David Lipscomb1831-1917
84
David Lipscomb
  • Born in Franklin County on January 21, 1831
  • Son of Granville and Ann Lipscomb
  • Granville was a deacon in the Primitive Baptist
  • He became acquainted with restoration principles
    through Campbells Christian Baptist
  • He was excluded from the Baptist church when he
    began to teach undenominational Christianity
  • David Lipscomb entered Franklin College in 1846
    and graduated June, 1849
  • Tolbert Fanning was president of the college
  • Lipscomb became an admirer of Fanning

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  • Lipscomb became a Christian early in life at the
    time when Jesse B. Ferguson was popular
  • Ferguson began to promote false doctrine and
    eventually went into denominationalism
  • Many churches were discouraged and many
    Christians left the church for denominationalism
  • Lipscomb considered going into the Baptist church
    at this time
  • He obtained a copy of the standard of the Baptist
    church and studied the Baptist doctrine and
    practice
  • He was convinced that it was sufficient to just
    be a Christian
  • Determined to strengthen his brethren in Biblical
    doctrine and began making public speeches
  • Married Margaret Zellner on July 22, 1862

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  • He did not set out to be a preacher, he was in
    demand for preaching and came to see the need for
    his efforts in preaching.
  • He opposed the Civil War and preached that
    Christians should not participate in the war
  • He preached this boldly and uncompromisingly
  • His life was threatened as a result
  • In 1866 he became co-editor of the Gospel
    Advocate with Tolbert Fanning
  • He founded the Nashville Bible School October 5,
    1891 with J.A. Harding
  • Became David Lipscomb College
  • At present is Lipscomb University

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  • Harding stayed with the school for ten years
  • Harding University in Searcy and Harding Graduate
    University in Memphis both carry his namesake
  • He served as editor of Gospel Advocate for
    forty-six years
  • Used GA to address issues facing the church
  • Missionary Societies
  • Instrumental music in worship
  • The division with the Christian Church
  • He authored a number of books and commentaries
  • He served as an elder at College Street
  • He died Nov. 11, 1917 at the age of eighty-six

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T.B. Larimore1843-1929
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Theophilus Brown Larimore
  • Born July 10, 1843
  • Little known of his parents, he was born into
    poverty and worked on a farm in East TN
  • Went to school 10 -12 weeks a year but studied
    hard at night throughout the year
  • Entered Mossy Creek Baptist College at 16 years
    of age and graduated from that college
  • Sought religion while at the college but failed
    to get it, yet devoted his life to God

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  • Entered the Confederate army at the start of the
    Civil War, was captured by Union army
  • Obeyed the gospel July 10, 1864
  • This was his 21st birthday
  • Began preaching in 1866 and entered Franklin
    College the fall of that year
  • Tolbert Fanning was president of the college
  • Larimore said Fanning was one of the best
    teachers he ever had
  • He graduated with honors in 1867
  • After leaving Franklin College he went to North
    Alabama to preach, later he returned to Tennessee
    to preach

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  • Opened Mars Hill Academy in Florence, AL on Jan.
    1, 1871 Became Mars Hill College
  • Mars Hill College continued until 1887 (16 years)
  • Hundreds of young men taught in the college
  • Brother Larimore preached with much power and
    persuasion in 19 states
  • He held many protracted meetings
  • Would preach twice every day and three times on
    every Sunday
  • His longest meeting was in Sherman, TX
  • Lasted five months and four days
  • He preached 333 sermons More than 200 responded
  • Died March 18, 1929 in Santa Ana, CA

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The Restoration Movement
Departures and Divisions
94
Instrumental Music
  • Controversy over using instruments of music in
    worship to God caused much division in the
    Restoration Movement
  • Arguments began as early as 1851 in Kentucky
  • On Feb. 22, 1851, a man who signed his name W
    wrote J.B. Henshall (associate editor of the
    Ecclesiastical Reformer) a letter asking his
    opinion on the use of instruments. W stated
    that the organ would Cause the hearts of the
    saints to be raised to a higher state of
    devotion and stated We are far in the rear of
    Protestants on the subject of church music.

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  • Henshall responded by stating In proportion as
    men become worldly minded , provided they have
    not entirely lost the fear of God, do they begin
    to require helps to their devotion
  • John Rogers was dismayed that a popular preacher
    had argued for the use of instruments and asked
    Alexander Campbell to respond.
  • In his response, Campbell stated that All
    persons who have no spiritual discernment, taste
    or relish for their spiritual meditations,
    consolations, and sympathies of renewed hearts,
    should call for such aid is but natural and,
    To all spiritually minded Christians such aids
    would be as a cow bell in a concert.

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  • The issue died down for a while until 1860 when
    Ben Franklin was asked to express his view on the
    subject of instrumental music.
  • He opposed the instrument used in worship and
    accused those who would use it as having lost the
    spirit of Christ and desiring to be a fashionable
    society.
  • L.L. Pinkerton of Midway, KY responded to
    Franklin in support of the use of the instrument.
  • The Midway church was one of the first to
    introduce the melodeon in worship in 1860
  • Pinkerton said the singing would Scare even the
    rats from worship

97
  • A practice session for singing was held on
    Saturdays and the melodeon was used first to get
    the pitch and eventually to accompany singing
  • The melodeon was then introduced to Sunday
    morning worship and caused much friction
  • An elder named Adam Hibler sent his slave,
    Reuben, in to remove the melodeon and they
    chopped it to pieces on the lawn, another
    melodeon was brought in and Hibler took it and
    hid it in his barn, a third was brought in and
    remained
  • In 1864 J.W. McGarvey stated
  • In the earlier years of the present Reformation
    There was entire unanimity in the rejection of
    instrumental music from our public worship. It
    was declared unscriptural, inharmonious with the
    Christian institution, and a source of corruption.

98
  • J.W. McGarvey preached for the Broadway church in
    Lexington, KY and served as an elder there until
    he resigned because of deafness
  • In November, 1902 a vote was taken to introduce
    instrumental music into worship
  • The vote was in favor of the instrument 370 to
    202
  • McGarvey left Broadway and identified with the
    Chester Street church in opposition to the
    instrument
  • McGarvey did accept invitations to preach at
    churches that used instruments
  • McGarvey later regretted his fellowship with
    those who used instruments and declared
    concerning such compromise, It will not work

99
  • Moses E. Lard said concerning the instrument in
    worship
  • Did Christ ever appoint it? Did the apostles
    ever sanction it? Or did any one of the primitive
    churches ever use it? Never. In what light then
    must we view him who attempts to introduce it
    into the churches of Christ of the present day? I
    answer, as an insulter of the authority of
    Christ, and as a defiant and impious innovator in
    the simplicity and purity of the ancient
    worship.
  • The argument over the use of instrumental music
    in worship continued
  • It became a major factor in the division of
    fellowship between the Christian Church and
    churches of Christ

100
The Civil War
  • On April 12, 1861 the first shots of the Civil
    War were fired. The ensuing four years of war
    tested the resolve of the brethren of the
    Restoration Movement.
  • The war brought certain issues to surface
  • Tensions between the North and South affected
    many brethren
  • The question of whether slavery was a sin
  • The question of whether a Christian may take up
    arms in a time of war

101
  • Efforts to hold meetings and evangelize during
    the time of war were drastically unsuccessful
  • Brotherhood periodicals such as the Gospel
    Advocate ceased publication during the war
  • As early as 1845 Thomas and Alexander Campbell
    expressed views that while slavery was an evil,
    it was one that God had permitted in the
    scriptures and thus the question was political in
    nature, not moral
  • Alexander Campbell felt the greater issue was
    that the church must not divide over slavery, and
    it did not
  • Some prominent brethren held that slavery was not
    a sinothers preached it was

102
  • The question of a Christians involvement in war
    caused arguments in the brotherhood
  • Among those who strongly opposed the Christians
    involvement in the war were Alexander Campbell,
    Tolbert Fanning, W.K. Pendleton, Benjamin
    Franklin, and J.W. McGarvey
  • B.W. Johnson argued that the government has
    divine authority to declare war and it is a
    Christians right to belong to that government
  • Jacob Creath, Jr. argued that if there was fault
    in fighting in a war, it was the governments and
    not the individuals guilt

103
Missionary Societies
  • The extinction of the Mahoning Association was
    followed by annual meetings for preaching,
    edification, and progress reports on the cause of
    the Restoration Movement
  • These conferences were opposed by Barton W. Stone
    but upheld by Alexander Campbell and Walter Scott
  • Stone acquiesced to the points in defense of
    these meetings submitted to him by Scott in 1827
  • These became forerunners of later societies

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  • Alexander Campbell was an ardent promoter of
    cooperation efforts.
  • He delivered a series of essays on the subject
    from 1842 through 1848
  • He argued the church can do little in the
    following areas without cooperation
  • Distributing the Bible abroad
  • Missionary efforts at home and abroad
  • Improve and elevate the Christian ministry
  • Restraint of Irresponsible, plausible, and
    deceptious persons who deceived the brotherhood
  • Concentration of the actions of Tens of
    thousands of Israel in any great Christian
    effort
  • Extensive, thorough church organization was
    necessary for church cooperation

105
  • Church in Nashville, TN examined church
    organization in January, 1842 and concluded
  • That there is positive scriptural authority for
    every religious work that is well pleasing to God
  • That the church of Christ is the only divinely
    consecrated organization on earth for Christian
    labor
  • All other organizations through which men propose
    to perform spiritual labor tend but to obscure,
    discredit, and subvert the reign of the Messiah
  • Tolbert Fanning opposed Church Organization and
    established the Gospel Advocate in part to
    discuss this subject in the brotherhood in 1855

106
  • The American Christian Missionary Society began
    in October, 1849
  • A four day meeting was held at which 156
    delegates were present
  • The A.C.M.S. was born and A. Campbell was elected
    president though he was absent
  • 23 vice presidents were also elected
  • Two secretaries and a treasurer were elected
  • Earlier Alexander Campbell argued against the
    societies, yet he became president of one
  • Among the brethren who eventually opposed it
    (though some at first supported it) were
  • Tolbert Fanning, Ben Franklin, Jesse Ferguson,
    Jacob Creath, Jr., James Mathis, J.T. Johnson

107
  • The Civil War caused more division in the
    brotherhood concerning the American Christian
    Missionary Society
  • The society delivered a censure of the South
    which promoted the rejection of the society in
    the South
  • Tolbert Fanning, William Lipscomb, and David
    Lipscomb strongly opposed the societies through
    the pages of the Gospel Advocate
  • The rift created through the controversies over
    the society and instrumental music led to a final
    division between churches of Christ and the
    Christian Church recognized by federal census as
    separate religious bodies in 1906

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The Restoration Continues
  • The Lords church has been restored to the N.T.
    pattern, but the principles of the restoration
    movement must continue
  • Where there are departures there must be
    restoration and departures will come
  • Unity is desired, indeed our Lord prayed for it,
    but it must come with a total adherence to every
    precept of God.
  • Not one biblical precept may be compromised if we
    are to continue to be the church of Christ,
    worshipping according to Gods pattern

109
Websites Referenced
  • Restoration Movement
  • www.mun.ca/rels/restmov
  • Center for Restoration Studies
  • bible.acu.edu/crs
  • Traces of the Kingdom
  • www.traces-of-the-kingdom.org

110
Websites Referenced
  • Disciples of Christ Historical Society
  • www.dishistsoc.org
  • Pioneer Preachers
  • www.pioneerpreachers.com
  • TheRestorationMovement.com
  • www.therestorationmovement.com

111
Books Referenced
  • The Search for the Ancient Order 4 Volumes
  • Earl West
  • The Trials of the Ancient Order
  • Earl West
  • Memoirs of Alexander Campbell 2 Volumes
  • Robert Richardson
  • The Cause We Plead
  • J.M. Powell

112
Books Referenced
  • The Story of the Restoration
  • Bill Humble
  • Like Fire in Dry Stubble
  • Bill Humble
  • Restoration Roots
  • Lynn McMillon
  • Church History
  • John Cox

113
Restoration Movement PowerPoint Presentation
by Michael E. Grooms
  • E-mail gospelpreacher_at_charter.net
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