Title: The Restoration Movement The Need for Restoration J.W
1The Restoration Movement
The Need for Restoration
2Establishment of the Church
- Jesus I will build my church (Matt. 1618)
- Church established in Acts 2
- Command to Repent and be baptized (38)
- Those who received the word were baptized (41)
- About 3,000 souls were added to them (41)
- The Lord added the saved to the church (47)
- Jesus The gates of Hades shall not prevail
against it (Matt. 1618) - The church is recognized by its characteristics
3Characteristics of the Church
- Its founder is Christ (Matt. 1618)
- Its head is Christ (Eph. 122)
- Its foundation is Christ (1 Cor. 311)
- Its authority (charter, creed) is Gods word
- Rom. 116 2 Tim. 316-17
- Its terms of membership Baptized believers
added by Christ - Matt. 2818-20
- Mark 1615, 16
- Acts 238-47
4- It is unified as one body
- Christ prayed for unity (John 1720-21)
- Characterized by the ones of Eph. 44-6
- Its unity defined by same mind and speaking
the same thing (1 Cor. 110) - Its members are Christians only
- Acts 1126 1 Peter 416
- Rejected the names of men (1 Cor. 111-15)
- Each congregation is autonomous and overseen by
an eldership with authority only in that
congregation - Acts 1421-23 1 Peter 52
5Worship of the Church
- Word of God is preached (Acts 242)
- Lords Supper each Sunday
- Acts 207 1 Cor. 1126 1 Cor. 162
- Congregational prayer (Acts 242)
- Giving of means (1 Cor. 162)
- Not tithing
- Every Sunday
- Precludes raising money by other means
- A cappella, congregational singing
- Col. 316-17 Eph. 519-21
6Apostasy Predicted
- False teachers would arise from elderships to
cause division (Acts 2028-30) - Men that speak liesforbidding to marry and
commanding to abstain from meats (1 Tim. 41-3) - Will turn away their ears from the truth (2
Tim. 42-4) - Bishops gained control over local elderships
- Promoted apostasy of the Church
- This was during the Ante-Nicene Period
- Between the end of New Testament era and the
Nicene council (325 A.D).
7- Catholic papacy established 606 A.D. when
Boniface III was designated as Universal Bishop
of the Church - Martin Luther composed his 95 Theses and began
the Reformation Movement in 1517 - John Calvin wrote his Institutes of the
Christian Religion in 1536 - Church of England was state religion in America
until 1785 - Thomas Jeffersons Bill for
Religious Freedom passed in Virginia. - Church and State union was finally abolished in
1791 with the ratification of the Bill of Rights
(1st amendment)
8The Restoration Movement
Its Cause and Plea
9Forerunners of R.M.
- Predecessors of the R.M. paved the way
- John Wycliffe (1324-1384)
- John Huss (1373-1415)
- Martin Luther (1483-1546)
- Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
- John Calvin (1509-1564)
- Jacob Arminius (1560-1609)
- In all ages Christendom has not lacked minds
independent enough to cut away what they
considered corrupt or rotten in ecclesiastical
teaching and life. (Preserved Smith)
10Timeline of the Reformation Movement
1611
1415
1517
1536
1384
1725
1678
1794
1455
1564
Pilgrims Progress
Calvins Institutes
John Wycliffe dies
Gutenberg Press
Wesleys Conversion
Luthers Theses
King James Bible
John Huss Burned
James OKelly
Tyndale burned
Zwingli dies
1492Columbus Discovers America
11Causes of the R.M.
- Bible more accessible to common man
- Multiplicity of denominations and creeds
demonstrated failure of reformation movement - As more people studied the N.T. they realized
that religious division was sinful. - (1 Cor. 110 Eph. 44 John 1721)
- Arrogance and ignorance of clergy
- Reaction to Total Hereditary Depravity doctrine
Idea of infant sin repulsive
12Principles of the R.M.
- Recognition of Christ as supreme authority in
religion - Recognition of N.T. as only rule of faith and
practice in religion - Proper distinction between O.T. / N.T.
- Recognition of N.T. pattern for church
- Autonomy of local church
- Unity of all Christians
13The Plea of the R.M.
- The Bible and the Bible alone is all sufficient
in matters of faith and life - The one church that Jesus spoke of is His only
church (Matt. 1618) - To wear the name of Christ only thus Christians
(Acts 1126) make up the churches of Christ (Rom.
1616) - Christ is the only head and has all authority in
His church (Matt. 2818)
14The Plea of the R.M.
- Christ is our only creed
- 19th century men of the restoration said
- No creed but Christ
- No law but the Lords
- No book but the Bible
- No name but the Masters
- Only the ordinances of Christ
- The Lords Supper (1 Cor. 1123-26)
- Baptism (Acts 238 Mark 1616 1 Peter 321)
- The Lords Day ( Acts 207 1 Cor. 162)
15The Plea of the R.M.
- Plea for terms of admission into Christ
- Hear (Rom. 1017)
- Believe (Heb. 116)
- Repent (Acts 1730)
- Confess (Rom. 1010)
- Be Baptized (Acts 2216 Rom. 63, 4)
- A Plea for the worship Christ established
- Forsaking the precepts of men (Matt. 159)
- Thus saith the Lord for all of worship
16The Restoration Plea
- Where the Bible speaks, we speak,
- Where the Bible is silent, we are silent.
- Call Bible things by Bible names,
- Do Bible things in Bible ways.
- In matters of faith, unity.
- In matters of opinion, liberty.
- In all matters, charity.
17Restoration Leaders
18Smith/Jones
Campbell
Stone
OKelley/Haggard
19James OKelley1738-1826
20James OKelley
- Began preaching in Methodist church during
revolutionary war - Heavily influenced by John Wesley
- Withdrew from Methodist General Council November
1792 - Established Republican Methodist church Aug. 1794
in Old Lebanon, VA - 1801 changed name to Christian Church
- OKelley maintained that sprinkling was baptism
and never rejected that error
21Monument on OKelleys Grave
22Rice Haggard
- Began preaching in Methodist Episcopal church in
1789 in Virginia - Withdrew from Methodist General Council Nov. 1792
- Left with James OKelly and others
- Resigned as preacher about two weeks later
- At Old Lebanon church (VA) Haggard moved
- The Bible be the rule and guide for the church
- They discard human names and be be called only
Christians - Moved to Kentucky about 1812
- Died in Ohio about 1819
23Haggards Six Reasons Disciples Should Wear the
Name Christian
- Because it is significantthe word Christ means
anointed - Because the Scriptures favor that as the name
most proper for the church. It was given by
divine authority - The Church of Christ is one body and one name is
enough for the same body
24- Because Christ and his church aredesignated
under the endearing relation of husband and wife.
And there is a real propriety in a woman being
called by the name of her husband - The Church of Christ is a spiritual house.
Knowing that a house divided against itself
cannot stand - (Rice Haggard, An Address to the
DifferentReligious Societies on the Sacred
Import of the Christian Name)
25Elias Smith1769-1846
26Elias Smith
- Father was Baptist, mother was Congregationalist
- Sprinkled as a child in mothers church, later
baptized and joined Baptist church (1779) - First sermon, Search the Scriptures 1790
- 1801 moved to New England doubts Baptist
doctrine, especially Calvinism - Founded religious newspaper Sept. 1, 1808
- Called Herald of Gospel Liberty
- Probably first religious newspaper to be
published - Embraced and then opposed Denominationalism,
Calvinism, and Universalism
27- Called Universalism An invention of the Devil
- Christian Universalism is the position that all
of mankind will be saved whether they believe in
Christ or not. Denies eternal punishment. - Embraced universalism three times in life
- Renounced universalism before his death
- Established several Christian churches
- These points maintained in Herald
- No head over the church but Christ
- No confession of faith, articles of religion,
rubric, canons, creeds etc. but the New Testament - No religious name but Christians
28Reasons for Leaving the Baptist Church Elias
Smith
- Their name Baptist, which is unscriptural. One
man was called a baptist, but no churches - Articles, which are an addition to the perfect
law of liberty these they held and I disowned
them. - Association of churches, which is contrary to the
New Testament, and anti-Christian.
29- Holding to the necessity of a college education
to be ministers of the gospel. This is contrary
to the New Testament - The Baptists held to missionary societies, which
is nothing more or less than the old Jesuits plan
invoked first by a monk - The Baptists hold to councils to ordain ministers
and settle disputes. These are unscriptural. - They hold to installing, or re-installing
ministers, a practice not intimated in any part
of the Bible - (Elias Smith, Life, Conversion, Preaching,
Travel, Suffering)
30Abner Jones1772-1841
31Abner Jones
- Baptized in Baptist church 1793
- Became a preacher in Freewill Baptist church
- Stipulated that he only be called a Christian
- Dismayed that Baptist name not in Bible
- 1801 Established a church in Lyndon, Vermont with
about a dozen - called Christians only - Disturbed in regard to Sectarian names and human
creeds - Jones and Elias Smith close associates in work
32- I felt my mind much tried about what my
brethren called the mysterious doctrines of the
gospel, viz, election, reprobation, decrees, for
I plainly discovered that they preached complete
contradictions on the subject, and I read that no
lie is of the truth and contradictions must be
lies. Thus, my mind was in great perplexity
concerning these things, which caused me to
review them, and compare them by the scriptures
of truthI found I had embraced many things
without proper examination.(Abner Jones, Life,
Experiences, Travels, and Preaching)
33Barton Warren Stone1772-1844
34Barton W. Stone
- Born Dec. 24, 1772 near Port Tobacco, MD
- 1790 Heard James McGready preach in N.C.
- Was convicted of his sin
- Thought he could not respond had to wait on God
- Later heard William Hodge preach about Gods love
and responded. Decided to go into the ministry. - 1796 Received license to preach in Presbyterian
Church. Preached in N.C. - Moved to Knoxville, then Nashville
- Encountered many dangers including Indians
- Went to Kentucky to preach at Concord and Cane
Ridge
35- At ordination was asked if he accepted the
Westminster Confession of Faith as containing the
system of doctrine taught in the Bible. He said
I do as far as I see it consistent with the Word
of God - August 1801 20 30,000 attended the Cane Ridge
Revival camping around the building. - Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist preachers
- Exercises like the jerks occurred. People would
be seized by jerks, fall unconscious, wake to
praise God.
36Cane Ridge Meeting House
37Cane Ridge Revival - 1801
38- 1803 Stone and four other preachers withdrew from
the (Presbyterian) Synod of Kentucky - Came after McNemar was tried before the synod and
charged with being an Armenian - This happened because of the Cane Ridge Revival
- These five organized their 15 churches into the
Springfield Presbytery - 1804 The Last Will and Testament of the
Springfield Presbytery marked the end of the
Springfield Presbytery
39- The group was now without an identity
- They had been nicknamed New Lights
- Rice Haggard suggested they be called Christians
Only and thus they rejected man-made titles - Rice Haggard had made this same move ten years
previous to this when with James OKelley - 1807 This group studied and practiced baptism by
immersion - almost all were baptized - 1824 Alexander Campbell and Stone met
- 1826 Stone began the Christian Messenger
- 1832 The Stone movement and Campbell movement
held a Unity Meeting Raccoon John Smith
represented the Campbell movement. Campbell was
not aware of it.
40(No Transcript)
41William Rogers Tombstone
- William RogersBorn In Campbell Co., VA. July
7, 1784,Removed With His Father ToCane Ridge,
Bourbon Co., Apr. 1798United With The Church
Of ChristAt Cane Ridge In 1807Died Feb. 15,
1862In The 78th Year Of His Age
42Thomas Campbell1763-1854
43Thomas Campbell
- Born and raised in County Down, Ireland
- Reared in the Church of England
- Became dissatisfied, joined Presbyterian
- Old Light Anti-Burgher Seceder Presbyterian
- Preacher and professor in Presbyterian church
from 1791 till leaving for America -April 8, 1807 - Arrived Philadelphia May 13, 1807
- Started preaching in Washington, PA
- Charges brought against him by his presbytery
- Withdrew from Presbyterian Sept. 13, 1808
44- Continued to preach independently
- Sinfulness of sectarian division
- Need for wider Christian fellowship
- Importance of following scriptures, not creeds
- Aug. 17, 1809 Organized Christian Association of
Washington in Washington, PA - Not intended to be a church
- Its statement of purpose said it was
- Voluntary advocates for church reformation
formed for the sole purpose of promoting simple
evangelical Christianity - Supported preachers who Reduced to practice that
simple form of Christianity, expressly exhibited
on the sacred page
45- Thomas Campbell was authorized to write a formal
statement declaring the purpose of the Christian
Association - He wrote the Declaration and Address
- Sep. 7, 1809 the Christian Association adopted
the Declaration and Address and authorized its
publication - At this meeting Campbell summarized the
associations purpose when he said We speak
where the Bible speaks, and we are silent where
the Bible is silent - Thomas was rejoined with his family (including
Alexander) just a few weeks after writing the
Declaration and Address
46Original Tombstone
Thomas Campbell
New Tombstone
47Alexander Campbell1788-1866
48Alexander Campbell
- Born Sept. 12, 1788 in Antrim county, Ireland to
Thomas and Jane Campbell - Trained from a youth in scripture and critical
thinking by his father - Departed Ireland with mother and siblings to go
to America Oct. 1, 1808 at 21 years of age. - Shipwrecked in Scotland Oct. 7
- Devoted his life to preaching while awaiting
rescue - Entered Glasgow University Nov. 8
- Influenced by movements of James and Robert
Haldane, John Glas, and Robert Sandeman
49- Alexander was required to be examined before the
elders of the Seceder Presbyterian church before
he could partake of the communion while in
Glasgow. - He passed the examination and was given a token
as proof - He placed his token in the communion plate and
walked away - This was his break from Presbyterianism
- Departed Scotland Aug. 4, 1809 and landed with
his family in New York on Sept. 29 - Thomas left his home in Washington, PA to meet
them as they traveled - Neither father nor son knew of the others
departure from Presbyterianism and desire to
restore New Testament Christianity until they met
again in America.
50- Upon reading the Declaration and Address
Alexander devoted himself to preaching the
principles it contained. - Alexander told his father that he would retire
for six months to carefully study the Bible, and
that he would devote his life to preaching
without receiving financial compensation. - Preached first sermon to Christian Association
July 15, 1810 in an outdoor meeting - In first year of preaching preached 106 sermons
- Christian association built church building at
Brush Run - Became the Brush Run church
51- March 12, 1811 Married Margaret Brown, daughter
of John Brown - Birth of his first child, Jane, caused him to
question infant baptism, which he rejected - His study of baptism convinced him to be
baptized. A preacher named Matthias Luse agreed
to baptize him. - Wed. June 12, 1812 Alexander was baptized in
Buffalo Creek Seven others including Thomas and
Jane Campbell were baptized. - This caused the Baptists to take an interest
- The Redstone Association of Baptists invited the
Brush Run church to join them. They did.
52- The Brush Run church drew up a statement of its
beliefs to put before the Redstone Assoc. - It remonstrated against all human creeds
- Expressed willingness to cooperate under
condition that the church could preach and teach
what it believed the Bible taught - Brush Run was admitted to Redstone Assoc. in 1813
with only small objection from minority - The members of the Brush Run church moved
together to Zanesville, Ohio - Alexander Campbell
stayed when John Brown offered to give him is
mansion and farm. - Campbell and others established a church in
Wellsburg They were opposed by Baptists.
53Campbells home with study on the left
Exterior and interior views of Campbells study
54- Campbell gave his famous Sermon on the Law
before the Redstone Assoc. in 1816 - Denominations did not distinguish between the two
covenants - Campbell argued law of Moses not binding on
Christians Caused him to be charged with heresy - Jan. 1818 started Buffalo Seminary in his home,
tuition 5 a quarter It was short lived - Campbells first debate was June 1820 with John
Walker (Presbyterian) on the subject and mode of
baptism (infant baptism, sprinkling) - Walker likened baptism to circumcision and argued
that infants had a right to it Campbell
stressed distinction between O.T. and N.T.
55- Aug. 1823 the Wellsburg church left the Redstone
Assoc. - Joined the Mahoning Assoc. which was
closer to restoration principles - Aug. 3, 1823 Campbell began The Christian
Baptist - October, 1923 Campbell debated W.L. McCalla near
Washington, KY on subject and mode of baptism
Sidney Rigdon was his moderator - In this debate Campbell argued that baptism is
for remission of sins and infants have no sins
56- The Christian Baptist paper ceased publication at
the close of 1829 - Campbell feared Christian Baptist would be used
as a party name for those favoring restoration - The spirit of the paper had been contentious
- Jan. 4, 1830 Campbell began publishing the
Millennial Harbinger - Campbell believed in a millennium when The
nations of this world are all to become the
kingdoms of our King - Campbell said of the Millennial Harbinger that
It shall have for its object the development
and introduction of that political and religious
order of society called THE MILLENNIUM
57- Some religious editors in Kentucky call those
who are desirous of seeing the ancient order of
things restored, the Restorationers, the
Campbellites, and the most reproachful epithets
are showered upon them because they have some
conscientious regard for the Divine Author and
the divine authority of the New Testament This
may go down very well with some but all who fear
God and keep his commandments will pity and
deplore the weakness and folly of those who
either think to convince or to persuade by such
means. (A. Campbell Christian Baptist, Nov. 6,
1826)
58- 1830 The Mahoning Association was dissolved
- Preacher named John Henry stood and said
- I charge you to look out what you are about to
do here we want nothing here which the word of
the Lord will not sanction. - He then motioned the assoc. be dissolved, it
carried - April 13, 1829 Campbell met Robert Owen, champion
of atheists, for a debate - Had said he would not draw a bow unless he could
shoot at the champion of skeptics himself - 1,200 people were present on last day of debate
59(No Transcript)
60- 1841 Bethany College began with Campbell as
president - He was
- President of a college
- Editor of a paper
- Preacher
- Debater
- Lecturer
- President of a missionary society
- Died March 4, 1866 after an extended illness
- Often quoted scripture in English, Greek, Hebrew
while on his death bed.
61Alexander Campbell
Campbells Tombstone
62Walter Scott1796-1861
63Walter Scott
- Born in Moffat, Scotland October 31, 1796
- Raised in Scotch Presbyterian home
- Educated at University of Edinburgh
- Came to New York July 7, 1818
- Walked with a friend to Pittsburg in 1819
- Became teacher at academy under George Forrester,
principal and preacher - Learned from Forrester to take the Bible as his
only guide and questioned infant baptism
64- Realized the great central theme of Christianity
was that Jesus is the Messiah. He called this
The Golden Oracle - Met Alexander Campbell in winter of 1821-22
- Each recognized greatness in the other
- Both believed baptism was for the remission of
sins - Scott convinced Campbell to call his paper The
Christian Baptist instead of The Christian to
disarm prejudice among Baptists - Scott became evangelist for Mahoning Assoc.
- First sermon as evangelist preached baptism for
remission of sins and baptized William Amend
65- Jan. 1832 began paper called The Evangelist
- Scott wrote a book called The Gospel Restored
- He was appointed an elder in 1844
- Started Covington College, a female academy, in
Mayslick, KY. Visited there by Tolbert Fanning
and Benjamin Franklin July, 1855 - He wrote another book called The Messiahship, or
Great Demonstration, not well received - Died April 23, 1861 in Mayslick, KY
- Had lost two wives, third marriage hard on him
- Greatly in remorse about the Civil War
- Campbell said I knew him well. I knew him long.
I love him much...methinks I see him in Abrahams
bosom."
66Raccoon John Smith1784-1868
67Raccoon John Smith
- Born Oct. 15, 1784 to George and Rebecca Smith in
Sullivan County, East Tennessee - The Smiths moved to Clinton County, KY when he
was about twelve or thirteen - His parents were Baptists and strict Calvinists
- In the year 1801 he became deeply concerned on
the subject of religion, but soon went into
Universalism and began to sow his wild oats - His father died March 20, 1804 and that caused
him to take religion more seriously.
68- He joined the Baptist church December 1804
- He struggled with Calvinistic ideas
- He married Anna Townsend December, 1806
- He bought land in Huntsville, AL and moved there
with his family - One day while he was away preaching a disaster
happened that changed his life - Anna was out visiting a sick person
- Their house caught fire with his son and daughter
trapped in it - They died in the fire and Anna died soon after
from depression
69- This event caused him to begin to doubt Calvinism
(Total Depravity and Unconditional election)
were his children lost? - After this event he was stricken with the cold
plague and lay for months at the point of death - He read Campbells Christian Baptist and agreed
with the restoration principles - Represented the Campbell movement at unity
meetings with the Stone movement - First meeting at Georgetown, KY Dec. 23-26 1831
- Meeting at Lexington, KY beginning Jan. 1, 1832
- Lasted four days and ended with unity between the
two movements - Smith and Stone shook hands in fellowship
70Stained Glass of Unity Meeting Depicting Smith
and Stone
71John Smiths Statementat Unity Meeting
- "Let us, then, my brethren, be no longer
Campbellites or Stoneites, New Lights or Old
Lights, or any other kind of lights, but let us
all come to the Bible, and to the Bible alone, as
the only book in the world that can give us all
the Light we need."
72Smiths Cabin in Monticello, KY
73Died Feb. 29, 1868
74Tolbert Fanning1810-1874
75Tolbert Fanning
- Born in Cannon County, TN May 10, 1810
- Lived in Lauderdale County, AL ages 8-19
- Allowed to go to school 3-6 months of the year
- Mother was a Baptist, father was not religious
- Methodism was prominent religion in community
- Felt he could not understand the Bible without
special illumination from God - He was taught All men are in a total state of
darkness and must remain so till illuminated by
special communications of the Spirit
76- Baptized by James E. Matthews in 1827
- Was seventeen years old
- At gospel meeting in Lauderdale County, AL
- Spent three years in studying the Bible then
began preaching - Thousands attended his meetings
- Entered Nashville University November, 1831 and
graduated in 1835 - While in college he made a preaching tour with
Alexander Campbell in Ohio and KY - In 1836 he made another preaching tour with
Alexander Campbell through Ohio, New York,
Canada, New England, and the eastern cities
77- 1837 was married to Charlotte Fall and opened a
female school in Franklin, TN - 1840 moved to Nashville and taught another female
school there till 1842 - Charter granted by Tennessee to build Franklin
College on January 30, 1844 - Franklin College began on January 1, 1845
- Bro. Fanning was elected first president
- Resigned presidency to W.D. Carnes in 1861
- Began the Christian Review in 1844
- Four years later turned it over to J.B. Ferguson
- Ferguson changed its name to Christian Magazine
- Ferguson closed the magazine in 1853
- Ferguson deviated into error and denominationalism
78- Began Gospel Advocate in 1855 with William
Lipscomb, David Lipscombs older brother - GA halted publication during the Civil War 1861
- Continued GA after civil war with David Lipscomb
as co-editor in 1866 - Used the Gospel Advocate to voice his opposition
to missionary societies - Was struck with sickness last of April, 1874
- He died May 3, 1874
- It was on a Sunday
- He called for the brethren to break bread with
him - Asked them to sing songs of worship
- He died at 1230 that afternoon
79Fanning Historical Marker
Corner of Briley Pkwy. And Vultee Blvd.
Nashville, TN
80J.W. McGarvey1829-1911
81J.W. McGarvey
- Born in Hopkinsville, KY March 1, 1829
- His father died in 1833 and his mother re-married
some time later - 1839 family moved to Tremont, Ill.
- Entered Bethany college and was baptized by Prof.
Pendleton in April, 1848 - Decided soon after to become a preacher
- He graduated with honors from Bethany
- 1851 began preaching for the church in Fayette,
Illinois
82- In 1853 was married to Ottie Hix of Fayette
- Moved to Dover, Ill. Where he preached and held
five debates with various parties - 1862 started working with the church in
Lexington, KY and published his first commentary
on the book of Acts which had taken 3.5 years - 1865 accepted a chair in College of the Bible
- He was opposed to Christians being involved in
the Civil War - He was opposed to instrumental music but
supported missionary societies - He died Sept. 12, 1912
83David Lipscomb1831-1917
84David Lipscomb
- Born in Franklin County on January 21, 1831
- Son of Granville and Ann Lipscomb
- Granville was a deacon in the Primitive Baptist
- He became acquainted with restoration principles
through Campbells Christian Baptist - He was excluded from the Baptist church when he
began to teach undenominational Christianity - David Lipscomb entered Franklin College in 1846
and graduated June, 1849 - Tolbert Fanning was president of the college
- Lipscomb became an admirer of Fanning
85- Lipscomb became a Christian early in life at the
time when Jesse B. Ferguson was popular - Ferguson began to promote false doctrine and
eventually went into denominationalism - Many churches were discouraged and many
Christians left the church for denominationalism - Lipscomb considered going into the Baptist church
at this time - He obtained a copy of the standard of the Baptist
church and studied the Baptist doctrine and
practice - He was convinced that it was sufficient to just
be a Christian - Determined to strengthen his brethren in Biblical
doctrine and began making public speeches - Married Margaret Zellner on July 22, 1862
86- He did not set out to be a preacher, he was in
demand for preaching and came to see the need for
his efforts in preaching. - He opposed the Civil War and preached that
Christians should not participate in the war - He preached this boldly and uncompromisingly
- His life was threatened as a result
- In 1866 he became co-editor of the Gospel
Advocate with Tolbert Fanning - He founded the Nashville Bible School October 5,
1891 with J.A. Harding - Became David Lipscomb College
- At present is Lipscomb University
87- Harding stayed with the school for ten years
- Harding University in Searcy and Harding Graduate
University in Memphis both carry his namesake - He served as editor of Gospel Advocate for
forty-six years - Used GA to address issues facing the church
- Missionary Societies
- Instrumental music in worship
- The division with the Christian Church
- He authored a number of books and commentaries
- He served as an elder at College Street
- He died Nov. 11, 1917 at the age of eighty-six
88(No Transcript)
89T.B. Larimore1843-1929
90Theophilus Brown Larimore
- Born July 10, 1843
- Little known of his parents, he was born into
poverty and worked on a farm in East TN - Went to school 10 -12 weeks a year but studied
hard at night throughout the year - Entered Mossy Creek Baptist College at 16 years
of age and graduated from that college - Sought religion while at the college but failed
to get it, yet devoted his life to God
91- Entered the Confederate army at the start of the
Civil War, was captured by Union army - Obeyed the gospel July 10, 1864
- This was his 21st birthday
- Began preaching in 1866 and entered Franklin
College the fall of that year - Tolbert Fanning was president of the college
- Larimore said Fanning was one of the best
teachers he ever had - He graduated with honors in 1867
- After leaving Franklin College he went to North
Alabama to preach, later he returned to Tennessee
to preach
92- Opened Mars Hill Academy in Florence, AL on Jan.
1, 1871 Became Mars Hill College - Mars Hill College continued until 1887 (16 years)
- Hundreds of young men taught in the college
- Brother Larimore preached with much power and
persuasion in 19 states - He held many protracted meetings
- Would preach twice every day and three times on
every Sunday - His longest meeting was in Sherman, TX
- Lasted five months and four days
- He preached 333 sermons More than 200 responded
- Died March 18, 1929 in Santa Ana, CA
93The Restoration Movement
Departures and Divisions
94Instrumental Music
- Controversy over using instruments of music in
worship to God caused much division in the
Restoration Movement - Arguments began as early as 1851 in Kentucky
- On Feb. 22, 1851, a man who signed his name W
wrote J.B. Henshall (associate editor of the
Ecclesiastical Reformer) a letter asking his
opinion on the use of instruments. W stated
that the organ would Cause the hearts of the
saints to be raised to a higher state of
devotion and stated We are far in the rear of
Protestants on the subject of church music.
95- Henshall responded by stating In proportion as
men become worldly minded , provided they have
not entirely lost the fear of God, do they begin
to require helps to their devotion - John Rogers was dismayed that a popular preacher
had argued for the use of instruments and asked
Alexander Campbell to respond. - In his response, Campbell stated that All
persons who have no spiritual discernment, taste
or relish for their spiritual meditations,
consolations, and sympathies of renewed hearts,
should call for such aid is but natural and,
To all spiritually minded Christians such aids
would be as a cow bell in a concert.
96- The issue died down for a while until 1860 when
Ben Franklin was asked to express his view on the
subject of instrumental music. - He opposed the instrument used in worship and
accused those who would use it as having lost the
spirit of Christ and desiring to be a fashionable
society. - L.L. Pinkerton of Midway, KY responded to
Franklin in support of the use of the instrument. - The Midway church was one of the first to
introduce the melodeon in worship in 1860 - Pinkerton said the singing would Scare even the
rats from worship
97- A practice session for singing was held on
Saturdays and the melodeon was used first to get
the pitch and eventually to accompany singing - The melodeon was then introduced to Sunday
morning worship and caused much friction - An elder named Adam Hibler sent his slave,
Reuben, in to remove the melodeon and they
chopped it to pieces on the lawn, another
melodeon was brought in and Hibler took it and
hid it in his barn, a third was brought in and
remained - In 1864 J.W. McGarvey stated
- In the earlier years of the present Reformation
There was entire unanimity in the rejection of
instrumental music from our public worship. It
was declared unscriptural, inharmonious with the
Christian institution, and a source of corruption.
98- J.W. McGarvey preached for the Broadway church in
Lexington, KY and served as an elder there until
he resigned because of deafness - In November, 1902 a vote was taken to introduce
instrumental music into worship - The vote was in favor of the instrument 370 to
202 - McGarvey left Broadway and identified with the
Chester Street church in opposition to the
instrument - McGarvey did accept invitations to preach at
churches that used instruments - McGarvey later regretted his fellowship with
those who used instruments and declared
concerning such compromise, It will not work
99- Moses E. Lard said concerning the instrument in
worship - Did Christ ever appoint it? Did the apostles
ever sanction it? Or did any one of the primitive
churches ever use it? Never. In what light then
must we view him who attempts to introduce it
into the churches of Christ of the present day? I
answer, as an insulter of the authority of
Christ, and as a defiant and impious innovator in
the simplicity and purity of the ancient
worship. - The argument over the use of instrumental music
in worship continued - It became a major factor in the division of
fellowship between the Christian Church and
churches of Christ
100The Civil War
- On April 12, 1861 the first shots of the Civil
War were fired. The ensuing four years of war
tested the resolve of the brethren of the
Restoration Movement. - The war brought certain issues to surface
- Tensions between the North and South affected
many brethren - The question of whether slavery was a sin
- The question of whether a Christian may take up
arms in a time of war
101- Efforts to hold meetings and evangelize during
the time of war were drastically unsuccessful - Brotherhood periodicals such as the Gospel
Advocate ceased publication during the war - As early as 1845 Thomas and Alexander Campbell
expressed views that while slavery was an evil,
it was one that God had permitted in the
scriptures and thus the question was political in
nature, not moral - Alexander Campbell felt the greater issue was
that the church must not divide over slavery, and
it did not - Some prominent brethren held that slavery was not
a sinothers preached it was
102- The question of a Christians involvement in war
caused arguments in the brotherhood - Among those who strongly opposed the Christians
involvement in the war were Alexander Campbell,
Tolbert Fanning, W.K. Pendleton, Benjamin
Franklin, and J.W. McGarvey - B.W. Johnson argued that the government has
divine authority to declare war and it is a
Christians right to belong to that government - Jacob Creath, Jr. argued that if there was fault
in fighting in a war, it was the governments and
not the individuals guilt
103Missionary Societies
- The extinction of the Mahoning Association was
followed by annual meetings for preaching,
edification, and progress reports on the cause of
the Restoration Movement - These conferences were opposed by Barton W. Stone
but upheld by Alexander Campbell and Walter Scott
- Stone acquiesced to the points in defense of
these meetings submitted to him by Scott in 1827 - These became forerunners of later societies
104- Alexander Campbell was an ardent promoter of
cooperation efforts. - He delivered a series of essays on the subject
from 1842 through 1848 - He argued the church can do little in the
following areas without cooperation - Distributing the Bible abroad
- Missionary efforts at home and abroad
- Improve and elevate the Christian ministry
- Restraint of Irresponsible, plausible, and
deceptious persons who deceived the brotherhood - Concentration of the actions of Tens of
thousands of Israel in any great Christian
effort - Extensive, thorough church organization was
necessary for church cooperation
105- Church in Nashville, TN examined church
organization in January, 1842 and concluded - That there is positive scriptural authority for
every religious work that is well pleasing to God - That the church of Christ is the only divinely
consecrated organization on earth for Christian
labor - All other organizations through which men propose
to perform spiritual labor tend but to obscure,
discredit, and subvert the reign of the Messiah - Tolbert Fanning opposed Church Organization and
established the Gospel Advocate in part to
discuss this subject in the brotherhood in 1855
106- The American Christian Missionary Society began
in October, 1849 - A four day meeting was held at which 156
delegates were present - The A.C.M.S. was born and A. Campbell was elected
president though he was absent - 23 vice presidents were also elected
- Two secretaries and a treasurer were elected
- Earlier Alexander Campbell argued against the
societies, yet he became president of one - Among the brethren who eventually opposed it
(though some at first supported it) were - Tolbert Fanning, Ben Franklin, Jesse Ferguson,
Jacob Creath, Jr., James Mathis, J.T. Johnson
107- The Civil War caused more division in the
brotherhood concerning the American Christian
Missionary Society - The society delivered a censure of the South
which promoted the rejection of the society in
the South - Tolbert Fanning, William Lipscomb, and David
Lipscomb strongly opposed the societies through
the pages of the Gospel Advocate - The rift created through the controversies over
the society and instrumental music led to a final
division between churches of Christ and the
Christian Church recognized by federal census as
separate religious bodies in 1906
108The Restoration Continues
- The Lords church has been restored to the N.T.
pattern, but the principles of the restoration
movement must continue - Where there are departures there must be
restoration and departures will come - Unity is desired, indeed our Lord prayed for it,
but it must come with a total adherence to every
precept of God. - Not one biblical precept may be compromised if we
are to continue to be the church of Christ,
worshipping according to Gods pattern
109Websites Referenced
- Restoration Movement
- www.mun.ca/rels/restmov
- Center for Restoration Studies
- bible.acu.edu/crs
- Traces of the Kingdom
- www.traces-of-the-kingdom.org
110Websites Referenced
- Disciples of Christ Historical Society
- www.dishistsoc.org
- Pioneer Preachers
- www.pioneerpreachers.com
- TheRestorationMovement.com
- www.therestorationmovement.com
111Books Referenced
- The Search for the Ancient Order 4 Volumes
- Earl West
- The Trials of the Ancient Order
- Earl West
- Memoirs of Alexander Campbell 2 Volumes
- Robert Richardson
- The Cause We Plead
- J.M. Powell
112Books Referenced
- The Story of the Restoration
- Bill Humble
- Like Fire in Dry Stubble
- Bill Humble
- Restoration Roots
- Lynn McMillon
- Church History
- John Cox
113Restoration Movement PowerPoint Presentation
by Michael E. Grooms
- E-mail gospelpreacher_at_charter.net