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Drugs and Music

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Title: Drugs and Music


1
Drugs and Music
  • Christina Gov, Steven Galarnyk, Timothy Bates,
    Amanda Siu, Jae Lee

2
"Music is the soul of language"  - Max Heindel
Since the dawn of society, humans have jammed to
music and used drugs for spiritual and
celebratory reasons. This is one of the oldest
cultural phenomena still going on strong
today.  We will each present five music genres of
their cultural influences and their relationship
to drugs.
3
Genres
  • Reggae
  • Electronic
  • Rock Roll
  • Jazz
  • Country

4
 
  •  

5
Reggae
  • Associated with marijuana
  • Many reggae artists were followers of the
    Rastafari movement
  • Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Burning Spear
  • Cannabis referenced in lyrics
  • "Legalize it" - Peter Tosh

6
A Brief History
  • 1655-1838 - Jamaica captured as a British colony
  • slave economy
  • 1838 - Jamaica was emancipated

7
Rastafarianism
  • A religion and ideology that developed in Jamaica
  • Rejection of imperialism, westernization -
    "Babylon"
  • Promoted regular use of marijuana
  • Called ganja, the herb, the weed, the holy herb
  • Did not encourage rum, liquor, or cigarettes

8
Rastafarianism Marijuana
  • Ganja used as a religious ritual
  • Expression of freedom against Babylon
  • Used recreationally and religiously
  • Smoking ganja considered a spiritual act
  • Followed by Bible study
  • Brings one closer to Jah
  • Smoking of ganja to "loosen up"
  • brainwashed by capitalism and colonialism
  • the only way to clear the mind would be through
    use of ganja
  • enables you to see your "true self"
  • Belief that the Bible encouraged use of the herb
  • "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and
    the herb for the service of man." Psalm 10414

9
More Biblical Citations
  • "...thou shalt eat the herb of the field."
    Genesis 318
  • "...eat every herb of the land" Exodus 1012
  • "And God said, Behold, I have given you every
    herb-bearing seed, which is upon the face of all
    the earth, and every tree, in the which is the
    fruit of a tree yielding seed to you it shall be
    for meat." Genesis 129
  • "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb
    yielding seed after his kind, and the tree
    yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after
    his kind and God saw it was good." Genesis 318

10
Nesta Robert "Bob" Marley
  • Reggae artist andRastafarian
  • Spread the RastafarianMovement worldwide

11
Electronic
Electronic
12
What is Electronic Music?
  • According to the EMA, electronic music is any
    music produced or performed primarily using
    electronic instruments in a unique, non-generic
    fashion, such that the focus of the music is on
    the electronic aspects.
  • Some popular artists in this genre includes
  • Steve Aoki
  • Infected Mushroom
  • Armin Vaan Burren
  • The Prodigy
  • Skrillex

13
History of Electronic Music
"If Pac-Man had affected us as kids, we'd all be
running around in dark rooms, munching pills and
listening to repetitive electronic music." -
Marcus Brigstocke
  • Electronic music could be dated back to as 1900s.
    However, to us the more culturally relevant
    portion of electronic music history starts out in
    1980s when the rave culture started to take off.?
  • Gained popularity in the U.K with influential
    figures such as Paul Oakenfold.
  • Not surprisingly, E started to get popular around
    this time
  • First news report of E seizure in 1987.

 
14
Iconic Drugs
  • MDMA
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indirect agonist for 5-HT and for DA and Ne in
    lesser amount
  • It's effects are unique because it makes you feel
    sympathetic towards others. (empathogenesis)
  • Perhaps this is the reason it is popular with
    teenagers. (That or the increase in sensuality
    known as enactogenesis)
  • Pharmacokinetic
  •  Usually swallowed in pill form
  •  peaks in 1 hour and last from 3-12 hours
    depending on purity

MDMA crystals
15
Iconic Drugs continued
  • Stimulants
  •  Cocaine, Amphetamine
  • These are insufflated or cut into the ecstasy
    pills
  • Psychedelics
  •  LSD
  • Taking MDMA and LSD at the same time is known as
    "Candy flipping."

 
16
Interview
  • These were the people I had to interview, this
    was difficult for several reasons.
  • The music was blaring non-stop, it was very hard
    to carry on a conversation. Apparently rave
    culture promotes unity, not conversation.
  • People wouldn't stop offering me massages and
    light shows. While flattered, some of these
    people had to be avoided.

17
Interview continued
  • Many claimed that the effect of MDMA made them
    feel more connected and close to one another.
    (empathogenesis)
  • MDMA was used for marriage counseling.
  • This also coincides with PLUR, the rave
    philosophy of Peace, Love, Unity and Respect
  • Example from my hands-on interviews
  • "Sick bass beats and ecstasy just goes together."
    - Hyper Nova
  • "I can feel the music with all of my body and
    makes me want to dance    all night long." -
    Crush Bunny (enactogenesis)
  •     This person probably took pill that was cut
    with uppers such as amphetamine.
  • ( In rave culture, people are designated a
    raver name from either their rave parent or a
    total stranger)

 
18
Rock Roll
19
Early Rock
  • Elvis Presley
  • A heavy prescription drug user
  • Amphetamines, Barbiturates, Hydromorphone...
  • Denounced illicit drug use
  • Traces of 14 different drugs at time of death
  • The Beatles
  • Very heavy use of illicit drugs
  • LSD (a ton), Amphetamines, Cannabis, Cocaine...
  • Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
  • Eventually denounced drug use
  • These were typical patterns among other artists
    of the time

20
Jimi Hendrix and Psychedelic Rock
  • Became symbol of the psychedelic movement.
  • Used LSD, Barbiturates, Amphetamines
  • Message of peace and love, supported hippie
    movement
  • Died famously by choking on vomit while on
    Barbiturates
  • Psychedelic rock associated with many drugs
  • LSD and LSA, psilocybin, Mescaline, DMT, DOM
    (STP)
  • also used Cannabis, Cocaine, Ketamine and others
  • Use extensive references to drugs

21
              Focus on LSD
  • d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
  • Derived from ergot, a fungus on rye
  • Acts primarily on 5HT-2A receptor
  • Direct agonist
  • Also acts on many other 5HT, NE and DA receptors
  • Does not cause dependence
  • Rapid tolerance due to down-regulation of 5HT-2A
    receptors
  • Cross tolerance with Mescaline and Psilocybin 
  • Significant open and closed eye hallucinations
    and possible synesthesia, surfaces seem to
    breathe and morph, after images
  •  Set and Setting very important to avoid bad
    "trip"
  • Schedule I drug

22
Ozzy Osbourne and Heavy Metal
  • Former lead guitarist and vocalist for Black
    Sabbath
  • Abused drugs including alcohol for 40 years
  • "I've been loaded on booze, coke, acid,
    Quaaludes, glue, cough mixture, heroin, Rohypnol,
    Klonopin, Vicodin, and too many other heavy-duty
    substances to list in this footnote. On more than
    a few occasions I was on all of those at the same
    time."
  • Suffered from tremors due to Parkin Syndrome
  • Not from Drug or Alcohol Abuse
  • Heavy Metal is associated with harder drugs
  • Cocaine, Heroin, PCP, LSD, Alcohol, Cannabis,
    Crack, Amphetamines, solvents, Barbiturates

23
"Resting Arousal, Sensation Seeking, and Music
Preference"
  • Suggests that some individuals may be predisposed
    to seek out more intense and complex stimuli than
    others
  • some individuals may enhance stimulation,
    resulting in over stimulation
  • others may reduce intensity of incoming stimuli,
    resulting in stimulus deprivation.
  • Adolescents that listen to heavy metal were more
    likely to use, but not abuse illicit drugs
  • Drug taking and other reckless behavior
    associated with higher levels of arousal, and are
    therefore preferred by stimulus seeking
    individuals
  • These individuals engage in these activities in
    order to reach their ideal level of stimulation

24
Jazz and Drugs
  • The jazzman has always been tagged with the
    current vice of the times. In the Twenties the
    jazz musician was a drunkard. He was a jazz
    musician, therefore he was a drunkard. In the
    Thirties and early Forties, he was a jazz
    musician, therefore he used marijuana. In the
    later Forties and Fifties, into the Sixties, he's
    a jazz musician, so he's a dope addict.
  • Billy Taylor

25
Marijuana
  • History
  • 1910 Introduction of marijuana to US
  • 1923-1930 Racially charged anti-pot campaign
  • 1937 Marijuana Tax Act
  • Muggles, moota, gage, reefer, Mary Warner, tea,
    mezz, ju-ju, grifa.
  • Effects
  • Increased metabolism - useful on late nights
  • Distorted perceptions - enhanced listening
    experience
  • Impaired coordination, learning and memory

26
Focus Heroin
  • Faster-acting version of morphine
  • Can be smoked, snorted, injected
  • Effects
  • Euphoria a deep sense of satisfaction
  • Followed by exhaustion, sense of apathy
  • Aid for performance anxiety
  • Nausea, slowed metabolism

27
Heroin Pharmacology
  • Pharm. term Diacetylmorphine
  • Morphine 2 acetyl groups
  • µ opioid agonists
  • Increases dopamine production by inhibiting GABA
    release
  • ? analgesic, euphoric effects

28
"the idea was going around that to use heroin
might make you play as great as Bird." - Miles
Davis
29
Country Music and Drugs
The Joke What do you get when you play a
country song backwards? Answer You get your dog
back, your truck back and your wife back.
Im just gonna go home, lie down, and listen to
country music. The music of pain. -Xander from
Buffy
Country music has always been the best shrink
that 15 bucks can buy. -Dierks Bentley
Country Music is three cords and the truth.
-Harland Howard
30
Drug References
Alcohol- Brad Paisley Whiskey Girl- Toby
Keith Tequila Makes her Clothes Fall Off- Joe
Nichols Whiskey for my men, Beer For My Horses-
Toby Keith Tear In My Beer- Hank Williams Whiskey
river- Willie Nelson, Whiskey bent and hell
bound- Hank Williams, Jr Beer thirty- Brooks
Dunn Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On- Neal
McCoy All Jacked Up- Gretchen Wilson Tennessee
whiskey- David Allen Coe Whiskey Girl- Toby
Keith Tequila Sunrise- Eagles Drugs or Jesus- Tim
McGraw Cocaine Blues- Johnny Cash Etc.
31
What does Country Music reference?
  • Researchers who looked at the bestselling songs
    in several genres from 2005 found that 37 of top
    country songs featured references to drugs or
    alcohol, compared to just 14 of rock songs. Rap
    songs referenced drug usage in 77 of songs. RB
    and Hip-hop were at 20.
  • The same study found that the drug most often
    mentioned in country songs is alcohol.

 
32
So we know the reference stats
  • A study by Loyola University found beer
    consumption was greatest for country music at
    live concerts when compared against Rock, Reggae
    and Hip-hop/Rap. Overall alcohol consumption
    however was highest for rock concerts.

 
33
Where is country music?
  • Primarily in the USA but also Canada and
    Australia.

34
Where in the US is country?
 
  • The size of each state is proportional to the
    number of times it is mentioned in country music.

35
Tobacco Usage
l
36
Alcohol Usage (binge)
Source http//www.statemaster.com/red/graph/hea_a
lc_con_bin_dri-health-alcohol-consumption-binge-dr
inkersb_map1
37
So why all talk and no drink?
  • Drinking is clearly considered wrong but in most
    of the songs its seen as expected and routine to
    use it to face the tough facts of life.
  • The answer to the paradox The concept of
    Redemption.
  • Two famous country stars, Johnny Cash and George
    Jones, both drank and it almost ruined them but
    they both found the strength to turn their lives
    around. Thats country music.

 
38
Drinking is about humor?
  • A University of Pittsburgh study found that in
    country music drinking tends to be portrayed as
    humorous. Alcohol isnt quite given a blanket
    acceptance as much as a humorous portrayal.

Dont have to go home but you cant stay here,
Thats what they said when I got my last beer.
Oh my God, its 2 oclock, I cant find my keys
and my trucks locked So I grabbed a tire tool
and I broke my window, hurt my elbow got me in
though Two foot later backed into the light
pole, all the town folk got a good show From
"All Jacked Up" by Gretchen Wilson
Shell start with kickin out of her shoes Loose
an earring in her drink Leave her jacket in the
bathroom stall Drop a contact down the sink From
"Tequila Makes Her Clothes Fall Off" by Joe
Nichols
He's on the dance floor yelling Freebird Singing
off pitch but he knows every word Grabs him
another girl and he holds on tight Now he's
chasing everything in sight he'll fall apart when
he gets home Right now his worries are gone Life
looks good, good, good Billy's got his beer
goggles on From "Billy's Got His Beer Goggles
On" by Neal McCoy
 
39
Prescription Drug Abuse
 
  • Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year
    among Persons Aged 12 or Older

 
40
Thank you! Enjoy your spring break and continue
this cultural phenomena at your own
discretion. Questions?
41
References
  • http//thinkexist.com/quotation/music_is_the_soul_
    of_language/214749.html
  •  
  • http//www.newagejournal.com/sexdrugs.shtml 
  • Reggae
  • http//www.uvm.edu/debate/dreadlibrary/dorsey.htm
    l
  •  
  • http//www.jamaicans.com/info/brief.htm
  •  
  • http//www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/ra
    stafarianism.htm
  • Barrett, Leonard E Sr. The Rastafarians. Beacon
    Press Boston 1997.
  • Rock
  • http//www.beatlesbible.com/features/drugs/
  •  
  • http//www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2002/aug/11/
    features.magazine27 
  •  
  • http//www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?AS
    howDoc1ID6318
  • http//www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPageo
    utput.cfmFile_Id2498 
  •  

42
References continued...
  • Country 
  • http//health.usnews.com/usnews/health/healthday/0
    71108/one-third-of-popular-songs-refer-to-substanc
    e-abuse.htm
  •  
  • http//clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscrip
    ts/256.php
  • http//current.com/1ndce4c
  •  
  • http//christianmusic.about.com/od/editorial1/a/ly
    ricsstudy08.htm
  • http//www.statemaster.com/red/graph/hea_alc_con_b
    in_dri-health-alcohol-consumption-binge-drinkersb
    _map1
  •  
  • http//www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/TobaccoUse/Smoking/S
    tateInfo-large.html
  • Ben Marsh, A Rose-Colored Map Harpers, July
    1977, 80.
  •  
  • http//www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/TobaccoUse/Smoking/S
    tateInfo-large.html
  •  
  • http//www.thestate.com/2010/02/09/1147170/country
    -musics-love-affair-with.html
  •  

43
References continued...
  • Jazz
  •  
  • http//www.jstor.org/stable/799451
  • http//www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,8
    26388,00.html
  • http//www.austinchronicle.com/music/2007-05-25/47
    7944/
  • http//everything2.com/title/Heroinandjazz
  • http//www.ukcia.org/potculture/30/louis.html
  • http//www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/marijuana.html
  • http//www.cannabisculture.com/v2/articles/3434.ht
    ml
  • http//www.neurosoup.com/schedule1/heroinpharmacol
    ogy.htm

44
References continued...
  • Electronic
  • http//ema.wsu.edu/?qnode/13definition
  • http//www.mdma.net/therapy/method.html 
  • http//www.fantazia.org.uk/Scene/timeline.htm
  •  
  • http//www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugculture/d
    rugstrade/thehistoryofrave
  •  
  • http//image.tradevv.com/2010/04/05/joeysilva/plan
    t/2010045052323.jpg?size600
  •  
  • http//www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Amphetamin
    e.jpg
  • http//www.eyepod.org/sitebuilder/images/lsd3_1_-3
    56x373.jpg
  •  
  • http//www.mdma.net/therapy/method.html
  •  
  •  
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