THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

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THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

• Key Concepts Phrase, Clause, Sentence, Simple
  Sentence, Complex Sentence, Compound Sentence.

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PHRASE a syntactic construction which typically
contains more than one word, but which lacks the
subject-predicate structure usually found in a
clause.
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Examples

• Terribly slowly (adverb phrase)
• Easy to please (adjective phrase)
• Would have been repaired (verb phrase)
• A large user of aluminium alloys (noun phrase)
• At the same time (prepositional phrase)

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CLAUSE a structural unit smaller than a sentence
but larger than phrases or words. Clauses are
made up out of elements, each expressing a
particular kind of meaning. Subject and predicate
are the two main elements of a clause.
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Examples

• I stayed quietly at home.
• They became students.
• She got her dress wet.
• They showed us the books.
• He yawned four times.

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INDEPENDENT CLAUSE one that expresses a complete
thought

• I managed to find the street.
• Ill be able to speak good French in a few
  months.
• The rain came down heavily.

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DEPENDENT OR SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

• the meaning of this clause is dependent upon
  another (the independent clause)

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as the newspaper reported.
who had been waiting.
when Adriana dropped the plates.
because the sky is blue.
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A subordinate clause is normally an adjective
clause or an adverb clause.
Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns
such as who, whose, which and that.
Adverb clauses begin with subordinating
conjunctions such as after, because, till, if,
and when.
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EXAMPLES

• Wheres the girl that sells the tickets?
• I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
• We visited the city where the streets have no
  name.
• I never heard the bells ringing till there was
  you.
• Katyas crying because she had a row with her
  boyfriend.

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This is the video which caused such a sensation.
When she pressed the button the lift stopped.
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SENTENCE
a group of words beginning with a capital letter
and ending with a full stop that expresses a
statement, command, question or exclamation. A
sentence consists of one or more clauses
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Examples
Can you read Latin? She spent her senior year
in the Lansing Manufacturing Area. They came
down the last hundred yards, moving carefully
from tree to tree in the shadows and now, through
the last pines of the steep hillside, the bridge
was only fifty yards away. The cat will scratch
you if you pull her tail.
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
a simple sentence has one independent clause, and
no subordinate clauses
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Examples

• I ate raw fish in Japan last year
• It never rains in Southern California
• You dont bring me flowers anymore
• Walk like an Egyptian
• Why does it always rain on me?

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COMPLEX SENTENCE

• A complex sentence has one independent clause and
  at least one subordinate clause.

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Examples

• I was really nervous before I started.
• Michelle was telling us a joke when Adriana
  dropped the plates that she had bought that day.
• I know automation scares a lot of people because
  it costs a lot of money that could be spent in
  other areas.

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Compound Sentence

• one formed by two or more clauses, joined by a
  connector (coordinating conjunction) and, or,
  but.

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Rodrigo travels often, and he enjoys travelling.
He stays in hotels, or he visits friends.
Franz speaks German but Julio speaks French.
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EXERCISES
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Identify the S and the V in these sentences

• The debate on education has been postponed.
• Someone cooked a meal here lately.
• The burglar went straight to the safe.
• All the girls are afraid of mice.
• That beach is safe for bathing.

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Two chief hallmarks of the traditional era
account for much of the negative reaction which
can arise when people talk about the subject of
grammar. The ship will leave in a few
minutes. Traditional grammars recognized four
types of sentence function.
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Identify the independent clause and the
subordinate clause in these complex sentences

• Im going to wait till it stops raining.
• He was dancing with a student who had a slight
  limp.
• The man whom I had come to see was sitting at the
  desk.

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• Ive been waiting for Tom since 600.
• I went to Munich which I had always wanted to
  visit.
• If its fine tomorrow well go for a walk.
• I finished early because I worked fast.
• The girl who is in the third row told me the
  whole story.

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• The plant which has blue flowers has been
  removed.
• The time that is set aside for reading will be
  extended to 30 minutes.
• When Jason searched for the Golden Fleece, he
  battled a fierce dragon.
• I will study until Mother comes home.
• I study where it is quiet.

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Identifying and classifying clauses independent
and subordinate clauses.

• We did warm-up exercises before we practiced for
  the next game.
• Students who are interested in attending the
  science fair at the community college should sign
  up now.

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• The musical West Side Story is a modern version
  of the story of Romeo and Juliet.
• The first poem in the book is about spring, and
  the second one is about autumn.
• Carson McCullers, who wrote The Sad Café Ballad,
  was born in Georgia.

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• We took notes while the teacher discussed the
  causes of the American Revolution.
• It rained saturday morning, but the sun came out
  in time for the opening of the Special Olympics.
• Not all stringed instruments sound alike, for
  their shapes and the number of their strings vary.