Write a well-formed, OUTLINE for a 5-paragraph essay (intro, 3 body points, conclusion). Write in complete sentences, and be sure to state three substantial and convincing points that you can develop for the outline and essay assignments that

1
Cyber-Ethics Essay Assignment

• Write a well-formed, OUTLINE  for a 5-paragraph
  essay (intro, 3 body points, conclusion).
  Write in complete sentences, and be sure to
  state three substantial and convincing points
  that you can develop for the outline and essay
  assignments that follow.Claim  Cyberethics
  does NOT introduce new ethical issues.For this
  outline assignment and the essay, be sure to
  recognize the following understanding
• Computing introduces new conceptual puzzles and
  dilemmas related to ethics (cyber-ethics) that
  Tavani refers to as "conceptual muddles". These
  can lead to "policy vacuums". We can distinguish
  between unique technological features and unique
  ethical issues. New technologies and their
  capabilities can introduce "conceptual muddles"
  and/or "policy vacuum", but we should be careful
  to distinguish "policy vacuums" and "unique
  ethical issues".

2
Question Set 1

• This assignment is intended to prepare the class
  to have questions ready for the Computer Science
  Resource Consortium (CSRC) Panel visit to class. 
  These are recruiters who will be interviewing and
  hiring VT Computer Science graduates, and so the
  assignment is designed to have you think about
  questions you can ask that will be helpful to YOU
  during the interviews.Write TWO (2) very clear
  and concrete questions that you would ask a job
  recruiter.  Questions that elicit the most
  useful and concrete answers ask about specific
  memories, facts, stories, and history, rather
  than feelings, impressions, and vague general
  ideas. 
• For example (No, you cant use this example for
  the assignment - but you can ask this question to
  the CSRC, and you can write a similar question
  for the assignment)
• Bad  Do you think that interviews are a good way
  of judging job applicants, and why?
• Better  What is the question you asked that did
  the very BEST job of determining whether you
  wanted to hire an applicant?  What was the answer?

3
Essays andIntroductions
4
1 Page Essay Writing

• Structure 5 Paragraphs
• Intro
• Body (3 points)
• Conclusion

• Types of Essays
• Analysis
• Literary or Process
• Argument, Opinion
• Comparison contrast
• Analogy
• Cause, Effect
• Describe, Define, Discuss
• Narrative
• Summary

5
Introduction

• What Should it DO?
• Attention
• Interest reader
• Funnel
• Start with broad statement
• Focus down to thesis
• Provide Context
• Mini-outline
• Main points (3)
• All support the thesis

• What to Include
• Attention-getter
• Question
• Quote
• Scene
• Compelling description
• Interesting statistic or fact
• Name the (3) points
• Thesis statement

6
What to Include REQUIRED !!!

• Introduction
• 1. Attention-getter
• - Question - Statistic / Fact
• - Quote - Joke
• - Scene - Broad and interesting
• 2. Sign Post
• In this essay I will
• Name the 3 body points
• 3. Thesis statement

7
Sample Introduction
I am a movie fanatic. When friends want to know
what picture won the Oscar in 1980 or who played
the police chief in Jaws, they ask me. My
friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want
to go out to the movies. The problems in getting
to the theater, the theater itself, and the
behavior of some patrons are all reasons why I
often wait for a movie to show up on TV.
8
Sample Introduction (2)

• "A dog is man's best friend." That common saying
  may contain some truth, but dogs are not the only
  animal friend whose companionship people enjoy.
  For many people, a cat is their best friend.
  Despite what dog lovers may believe, cats make
  excellent housepets as they are good companions,
  they are civilized members of the household, and
  they are easy to care for.

9
Body

• Ways to organize
• Least to most important
• Simplest to complicated
• First paragraph
• strongest argument
• Best example
• Obvious start point
• Chronological
• Cause and effect

• What to Include
• 3 points 3 paragraphs
• Reverse Hook
• Intro for each paragraph
• Does it support your thesis? If not, then delete

10
1 (movie)
First of all, just getting to the theater
presents difficulties. Leaving a home equipped
with a TV and a video recorder isn't an
attractive idea on a humid, cold, or rainy night.
Even if the weather cooperates, there is still a
thirty-minute drive to the theater down a
congested highway, followed by the hassle of
looking for a parking space. And then there are
the lines. After hooking yourself to the end of a
human chain, you worry about whether there will
be enough tickets, whether you will get seats
together, and whether many people will sneak into
the line ahead of you.
11
1 (cats)
In the first place, people enjoy the
companionship of cats. Many cats are
affectionate. They will snuggle up and ask to be
petted, or scratched under the chin. Who can
resist a purring cat? If they're not feeling
affectionate, cats are generally quite playful.
They love to chase balls and feathers, or just
about anything dangling from a string. They
especially enjoy playing when their owners are
participating in the game. Contrary to popular
opinion, cats can be trained. Using rewards and
punishments, just like with a dog, a cat can be
trained to avoid unwanted behavior or perform
tricks. Cats will even fetch!
12
2
Once you have made it to the box office and
gotten your tickets, you are confronted with the
problems of the theater itself. If you are in one
of the run-down older theaters, you must adjust
to the musty smell of seldom-cleaned carpets.
Escaped springs lurk in the faded plush or
cracked leather seats, and half the seats you sit
in seem loose or tilted so that you sit at a
strange angle. The newer twin and quad theaters
offer their own problems. Sitting in an area only
one-quarter the size of a regular theater,
moviegoers often have to put up with the sound of
the movie next door. This is especially jarring
when the other movie involves racing cars or a
karate war and you are trying to enjoy a quiet
love story. And whether the theater is old or
new, it will have floors that seem to be coated
with rubber cement. By the end of a movie, shoes
almost have to be pried off the floor because
they have become sealed to a deadly compound of
spilled soda, hardening bubble gum, and crushed
Ju-Jubes.
13
2 (cats)
In the second place, cats are civilized members
of the household. Unlike dogs, cats do not bark
or make other loud noises. Most cats don't even
meow very often. They generally lead a quiet
existence. Cats also don't often have
"accidents." Mother cats train their kittens to
use the litter box, and most cats will use it
without fail from that time on. Even stray cats
usually understand the concept when shown the box
and will use it regularly. Cats do have claws,
and owners must make provision for this. A tall
scratching post in a favorite cat area of the
house will often keep the cat content to leave
the furniture alone. As a last resort, of course,
cats can be declawed.
14
3 (movies)
Some of the patrons are even more of a problem
than the theater itself. Little kids race up and
down the aisles, usually in giggling packs.
Teenagers try to impress their friends by talking
back to the screen, whistling, and making what
they consider to be hilarious noises. Adults act
as if they were at home in their own living rooms
and comment loudly on the ages of the stars or
why movies aren't as good anymore. And people of
all ages crinkle candy wrappers, stick gum on
their seats, and drop popcorn tubs or cups of
crushed ice and soda on the floor. They also
cough and burp, squirm endlessly in their seats,
file out for repeated trips to the rest rooms or
concession stand, and elbow you out of the
armrest on either side of your seat.
15
3 (cats)
Lastly, one of the most attractive features of
cats as housepets is their ease of care. Cats do
not have to be walked. They get plenty of
exercise in the house as they play, and they do
their business in the litter box. Cleaning a
litter box is a quick, painless procedure. Cats
also take care of their own grooming. Bathing a
cat is almost never necessary because under
ordinary circumstances cats clean themselves.
Cats are more particular about personal
cleanliness than people are. In addition, cats
can be left home alone for a few hours without
fear. Unlike some pets, most cats will not
destroy the furnishings when left alone. They are
content to go about their usual activities until
their owners return.
16
Conclusion

• Answer questions or problems posed
• Allude to the pattern used
• Restate the thesis but do NOT duplicate
• Summarize the three main points
• Final statement, suggestions, further points,
  other resources

17
Conclusion (movies)
After arriving home from the movies one night, I
decided that I was not going to be a moviegoer
anymore. I was tired of the problems involved in
getting to the movies and dealing with the
theater itself and some of the patrons. The next
day I arranged to have cable TV service installed
in my home. I may now see movies a bit later than
other people, but I'll be more relaxed watching
box office hits in the comfort of my own living
room.
18
Conclusion (cats)
Cats are low maintenance, civilized companions.
People who have small living quarters or less
time for pet care should appreciate these
characteristics of cats. However, many people who
have plenty of space and time still opt to have a
cat because they love the cat personality. In
many ways, cats are the ideal housepet.
19
Tips and Exercises

• Use action verbs / words (not to be)
• Clarity and economy
• Write it down, revise, re-read, revise, revise
• Represent the opposing viewpoint fairly
• Don't plagiarize - try to use your own words
  (unless quoting is purposeful)
• Keep notes when READING
• Not summary but thoughts that connect to you

20
Minimize use of the word 'is'. Bad Music
piracy is an important ethical issue for
consumers, the music industry, and the
government. Better Music piracy impacts
consumers, the music industry, and the
government. Hard, fast rule Use only one "to
be" verb per essay. This applies to all forms of
the verb is are am were will be etc.
Note that you CAN use the present continuous
verb tense -- the phrase "I am walking up the
stairs" does NOT violate the rule. "To be" acts
as an auxiliary verb in this instance.
21

• Qualify ambiguous words
• Bad The Challenger disaster changed the face of
  the US space program. It continues to affect the
  way we perceive NASA even today. (What affects
  the way who perceives NASA?)
• Better The Challenger disaster changed the face
  of the US space program. The tragedy continues to
  affect the way Americans perceive NASA even
  today.
• Hard, fast rule The following words must always
  be qualified
• this
• that
• these
• those
• it
• they (OK, sometimes you can get away with this
  one)

22

• Eliminate content-free phrases
• Bad In order to control costs, the committee
  must vote against implementing the new policy.
• Better To control costs, the committee must vote
  against implementing the new policy.
• Hard, fast rule For the most part, your essays
  will be limited to one page. Eliminate
  meaningless phrases like "in order to".

23

• Avoid passive voice
• Bad The new code of ethics was drafted by the
  ACM.
• Better The ACM drafted a new code of ethics.
• Hard, fast rule There are occasions where the
  passive voice sounds better or suits the
  situation, but they are few and far between. Make
  sure that in your sentences, the subject
  "operates on" the object. The object should not
  be "operated on by" the subject.

24

• Eliminate misplaced modifiers
• Bad Put modifiers as close as you possibly can
  to the word being modified.
• Better Put modifiers as close to the word being
  modified as you possibly can.
• Hard, fast rule Put modifiers as close to the
  word being modified as you possibly can.
• Sometimes this is a judgment call "Put modifiers
  as close as possible to the word being modified"
  changes the sentence slightly but looks even more
  professional than just moving the modifier.