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Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing & Clinical Practice

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Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing & Clinical Practice How does Mental Health differ from Mental Illness? Health Autonomy/independence Works ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing & Clinical Practice


1
Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Clinical Practice
2
How does Mental Health differ from Mental Illness?
  • Health
  • Autonomy/independence
  • Works towards self-actualization
  • Able to face challenges
  • Self-esteem-knows abilities/limitations
  • Masters environments
  • Reality oriented
  • Manages stress uses support system
  • Illness
  • Behavioral/ psychological syndrome e/b
  • Dissatisfaction w/self
  • Ineffective/non-satisfying relationships
  • Dissatisfied w/place in world
  • Unable to cope or ineffective coping w/life
    stressors/events

3
MENTAL ILLNESS - TODAY
  • NIMH estimates
  • 26 Americans 18 have diagnosable MI
  • (57.7 mil /yr) (2006)
  • ADHD 3-5 school age children diagnosed
  • Great economic burden gt all types of cancer.
  • In U.S. Canada - Leading cause of disability in
    persons 15-44 years-old
  • Only 14 adults 15 children adolescents
    receive needed services.
  • Homeless est. 750,000 living in streets
  • 1/3 with mental illness ½ with substance abuse

4
Historical Events in Mental Health
  • Period of Enlightenment
  • Late 1700s- 1800s
  • Development of Psychopharmacology
  • 1950 - present
  • Protection/safe haven
  • Beginning of moral tx.
  • Dorothy Dix- opens Asylum for the MI (provides
    food, clothes,shelter)
  • ? agitation, ?psychosis
  • ?depression
  • Shorter hosp stays
  • ?noise/violence in hospitals

5
  • Deinstitutionalization
  • 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Construction
    Act
  • (J.F. Kennedy administration)
  • SSI/SSDI -Federal Legislation to provide income
    for disabled
  • least restrictive environment concept
  • C M H Cs built
  • 3 components
  • 1) release from state hosp.
  • 2.) diversion from hosp
  • 3) developed alternate services In community
  • ?independence of MI

6
  • Lanterman Petries Short Act
  • ( LPS Act)
  • 1970s changes in commitment laws
  • Commitment laws
  • 72 hr hold-14 day holds -30 day holds
  • Conservatorships
  • Guardianships
  • Can only be held involuntarily if
  • DTS
  • DTO
  • GD

7
  • Parity Act
  • 1996
  • Eliminated annual/lifetime amounts for mental
    health care for companies with gt 50 persons
  • Substance abuse exempt

8
DSM IV -tr(Diagnostitic Statistical Manual)
  • Axis I Psychiatric Diagnosis
  • Axis II- Personality Disorder or Development
    Disorder
  • Axis III Medical Diagnosis (that impacts on
    mental diagnosis)
  • Axis IV- Stressors (mild, moderate, severe,
    catastrophic acute or enduring
  • Axis V GAF (Global Assessment Functioning
    Scale) score
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