Basic Ag Awareness Agriscience Applications

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Basic Ag AwarenessAgriscience Applications

• By Johnny M. Jessup
• Agriculture Instructor/FFA Advisor

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What is Agriscience?

• The application of scientific principles and new
  technologies to agriculture.

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Agriscience is

• An applied science because it uses principles
  learned in biology, chemistry, and physics (the
  basic sciences) in a practical way.

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Examples of Agriscience

• Agronomy
• Uses biology and chemistry to discover new ways
  to control weeds in crops.
• Entomology
• Uses biology and chemistry to study insect life.
• Agricultural Engineering
• Uses physics to develop new machinery.

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Agriscience employs..

• The scientific method to solve problems.
• The steps to the scientific method are.
• Identify the problem.
• Review literature.
• Form a hypothesis.
• Prepare a project proposal.
• Design the experiment.
• Collect the data.
• Draw conclusions.
• Prepare a written report.

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What is Agriculture?

• Activities concerned with the production of
  plants and animals, and related supplies,
  services, mechanics, products, processing,
  processing, and marketing.

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USDA refers to agriculture as.

• Agriculture/ Agribusiness and renewable natural
  resources.
• Another definition is food, fiber, and
  environmental systems.

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Why is Agriculture/Agriscience Important?

• Largest employer and the largest source of
  income in the United States and North Carolina.

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Opportunities in Agriculture

• Agricultural production is supported by many more
  careers than actually exist in production.
• Many careers in agriscience products
  distribution are needed to grade, transport,
  process, package, market agriculture
  commodities.
• Many careers for agriculture supplies services
  are also important.
• Projections show that the average size of farms
  in the U.S. will increase while the number of
  farms will decrease.

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Opportunities in Agriculture

• Twenty percent of all jobs in the U.S. are
  agriscience related.
• In addition to farming, agriscience jobs help
  support farmers to meet the worlds food fiber
  needs.
• Areas include
• Production
• Processing, products, and distribution
• Supplies and services.

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World Outlook

• The world population will grow as more people
  beget more people.
• More children are surviving to adulthood.
• More adults are living longer.
• Population growth will.
• Add stress to environmental systems of air,
  water, soil, and natural resources.
• Create challenges to meet the demands for food
  and fiber (clothing and shelter).

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Trends for Agriculture/Agriscience

• Agriculture will always be an essential industry.
• Increased commercialization of agriculture will
  continue.
• New types of farming such as aquaculture (fish
  farming and farming the sea) will be used as well
  as traditional farming methods.

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Trends for Agriculture/Agriscience

• An expanded view of agriculture is necessary.

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Divisions of Agriculture

• Agribusiness
• Agriscience Mechanics
• Agronomy
• Animal Science
• Biotechnology
• Horticulture
• Natural Resources

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What is Agribusiness?

• Commercial firms that have developed with or stem
  out of agriculture.

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Agribusiness includes.

• Farming
• Chemical company
• Fertilizer dealer
• Seed store
• Tractor dealer

• Horticulture
• Landscape nursery
• Greenhouse dealer
• Horticulture supply company

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What is Agriscience Mechanics?

• The application of engineering principles in
  agricultural settings.

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Agriscience Mechanics includes.

• The design, operation, maintenance, service,
  selling, and use of power units, machinery,
  equipment, structures, and utilities in
  agriscience.

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What is Agronomy?

• The application of soil and plant sciences to
  land management and crop production.

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Agronomy includes.

• Crop Science
• Soil Science
• Turfgrass Management
• Weed Science
• Range Management

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What is Animal Science?

• The care, management, and production of domestic
  animals.

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Animal Science includes.

• Livestock
• Companion Animals
• Specialty Animals

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What is Biotechnology?

• The application of living processes to
  technology.
• The use of microorganisms, animal cells, plant
  cells, or components of cells to produce products
  or carry out processes.

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Biotechnology includes.

• Genetics
• Biochemistry
• Microbiology
• Toxicology
• Plant Pathology

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What is Horticulture?

• Involves the producing, marketing fruits,
  vegetables, and ornamental plants.(Green
  Industry)
• Continues to expand as the standard of living is
  raised.

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Horticulture includes.

• Greenhouse Management
• Nursery Management
• Landscape Architecture
• Plant Physiology
• Integrated Pest Management

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What are Renewable Natural Resources?

• Resources provided by nature that can replace or
  renew themselves.
• Important both economically and for posteritys
  sake to maintain life.
• Agriculture resources management will include
  pollution control.

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Natural Resources - Forestry

• Timber management for lumber, poles, post,
  plywood, and etc. is another part of the
  agricultural industry.

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Other Examples include

• Wildlife
• Water
• Fish
• Soils
• Air

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What are Commodities?

• Agricultural products which are sold.
• Examples
• Milk
• Corn
• Wheat
• Beef
• Cotton

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U.S. Agricultural Commodities1 State Rankings

• Beef
• Dairy
• Broilers
• Eggs
• Turkeys

• Texas
• California
• Georgia
• Iowa
• Minnesota

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U.S. Agricultural Commodities1 State Rankings

• Swine
• Horses
• Sheep
• Fruit
• Vegetables

• Iowa
• Texas
• Texas
• California
• California

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U.S. Agricultural Commodities1 State Rankings

• Cotton
• Wheat
• Corn
• Soybeans
• Peanuts

• Texas
• Kansas
• Iowa
• Illinois
• Georgia

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U.S. Agricultural Commodities (Market Value of
Products Sold)

• Total Crops
• California
• Total Livestock
• Texas
• Total Ag Income
• California

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Top 10 U.S. Ag Commodity Exports

• 1 Soybeans
• 2 Corn
• 3 Wheat
• 4 Cotton
• 5 Misc. Hort Products

• 6 Poultry Meat
• 7 Feed
• 8 Edible Tree Nuts
• 9 Pork
• 10 Feed Grain

Consistently ranks in top 5 in U.S. grain
exports year after year. Number 1 meat export
as far as tonnage shipped from the U.S.
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Top 10 Importers of U.S. Ag Commodities

• 1 Canada
• 2 Mexico
• 3 Japan
• 4 China
• 5 South Korea

• 6 Taiwan
• 7 United Kingdom
• 8 Germany
• 9 The Netherlands
• 10 Turkey

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U.S. Dept of Agriculture

• Secretary
• Mike Johanns
• Nebraska

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U.S. Dept of Agriculture

• Oversees the following
• Food Safety Inspection
• Commodity Grading
• Meat
• Fruit
• Vegetables
• Eggs

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U.S. Dept of Agriculture

• Oversees the following
• School Lunch Program
• Food Stamps
• Agricultural Cooperatives
• U.S. Forest Service
• Cooperative Extension
• Agricultural Marketing

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is 1 in the following
  commodities.
• Tobacco
• Sweetpotatoes

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is 2 in the following
  commodities.
• Hogs
• Christmas Trees
• Turkeys

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is 3 in the following
  commodities.
• Pickles
• Trout
• Total Poultry Eggs

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is 4 in the following
  commodities.
• Blueberries
• Broilers
• Greenhouse/Nursery
• Strawberries

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is 5 in the following
  commodities.
• Catfish
• Peanuts
• Snap Beans

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North Carolina Agriculture

• North Carolina is ranked in the top 10 nationally
  in the following commodities.
• Apples
• Cotton
• Grapes
• Tomatoes
• Watermelons
• Total Cash Receipts

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North Carolina Agriculture

• Ranking in Agricultural Income
• 1 Hogs
• 2 Broilers
• 3 Greenhouse Nursery
• 4 Tobacco
• 5 Turkeys

Recently passed tobacco to crack the top 3.
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SOURCE OF FARM CASH RECEIPTS, NORTH CAROLINA,
20036,916,349,000
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North Carolina Agriculture1 County by Commodity

• Hogs
• Broilers
• Greenhouse/Nursery
• Tobacco
• Turkeys

• Duplin
• Wilkes
• Mecklenburg
• Pitt
• Sampson

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North Carolina Agriculture1 County by Commodity

• Cotton
• Eggs
• Cattle
• Milk
• Soybeans

• Northhampton
• Iredell
• Iredell
• Iredell
• Robeson

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North Carolina Agriculture1 County by Commodity

• Corn
• Christmas Trees
• Peanuts
• Sweetpotatoes
• Wheat

• Beaufort
• Ashe
• Martin
• Nash
• Robeson

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North Carolina Agriculture
Top Ten Counties in Farm Cash Receipts, North
Carolina, 2003
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North Carolina Agriculture
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North Carolina AgricultureAgricultural Research

• North Carolina has two land grant universities.
• North Carolina State University (1887)
• North Carolina AT State University (1891)

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NC Dept of Agriculture

• Steve Troxler
• Current Commissioner
• Guilford County

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NC Dept of Agriculture

• Oversees the following
• All agricultural issues
• Weights Standards
• Food Drugs in North Carolina
• NC State Fair

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NC Dept of Agriculture

• Oversees the following
• Marketing
• Farmers Markets
• Goodness Grows Program
• Research Stations
• Structural Pests
• Veterinarian Program

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Professional Agricultural Organizations

• Allow professionals the opportunity to network,
  learn, and communicate.
• Provide trade shows and journals to update
  members on new methods, products, and technology.
• Use membership dues to finance commodity
  advertisement, trade journals, and educational
  programs for members.

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Cooperative Extension Service

• Located in all 100 counties and the Cherokee
  Indian Reservation.
• Provides information for those working in
  agriculture.
• Best free source of information for small
  agricultural businesses.
• Administers the 4H program.

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Professional Agricultural Associations
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Progress in Agriculture

• Mechanization helps 2 of Americas work force to
  meet the food fiber needs of our nation.
• There has been a reduction from 90 of the
  nations populace involved in farming 200 years
  ago.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• George Washington
• In 1785, he became the first American to own
  mules.
• Also introduced agricultural concepts such as
  terracing, crop rotation, and the use of cover
  crops.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Eli Whitney
• Invented the cotton gin in 1793.
• Turned cotton into an usable product by removing
  cottonseed from the cotton fiber.

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Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Thomas Jefferson
• In 1814, Jefferson had his moldboard plow cast in
  iron.
• Was a marked improvement over the inefficient
  European plow.

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Thomas Jeffersons Plow
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Cyrus McCormick
• Invented the grain reaper in 1834 to save labor
  in cutting wheat, oats, and similar crops.
• Later a threshing machine was added and it became
  known as a combine.

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Cyrus McCormicks Reaper
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• John Deere
• In 1837, improved the iron plow by inventing the
  steel moldboard plow.
• Need caused by tough prairie soils.

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John Deeres Plow
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Edmund W. Quincy
• Invented the mechanical corn picker
  in 1850.
• Anna Baldwin
• Changed the dairy industry in 1878 by inventing a
  milking machine to replace hand milking.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Joseph Glidden
• Invented barbed wire in 1874.
• Used for livestock fencing.
• Tamed the west by allowing ranches with fixed
  boundaries to be established.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Booker T. Washington
• Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.
• Advocate of vocational education/skills
  development.
• The school was later given land-grant status.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• George Washington Carver
• Director of agricultural research at Tuskegee
  Institute in early 1900s.
• Found new uses for soybeans, peanuts, and
  sweetpotatoes.
• Diversified southern agriculture.

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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• John Froelich
• Invented the 1st gasoline powered tractor that
  could go forwards and backwards in 1892.
• His Waterloo Tractor Company was later bought out
  by the John Deere Co. in 1918.

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John Froelichs Tractor
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Benjamin Holt
• Invented the traction system found on modern day
  tanks and bulldozers.
• Company went one to become Caterpillar Inc.
• This is where tractors get their name.

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Benjamin Holts Tractor
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• Harry Ferguson
• Invented the 3 point hitching system on tractors.
• Met with Henry Ford in 1938 and had the famous
  Handshake Agreement.

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The Handshake Agreement
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Ferguson Insignia on a Ford Tractor
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Progress in Agriculture Historical Events

• In 1954, the tractor finally surpasses the mule
  as the main source of agricultural power.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Soybeans
• Known as the Yellow Jewell to the Chinese.
• Worlds most important source for vegetable oil.
• Provide basic materials for hundreds of products.
• Used as major food source in China in the form of
  tofu.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Baked Potatoes
• USDA developed the pest resistant variety of
  potato called the BelRus.
• A superior baking variety.
• Bred to grow well in New England.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Aerosols
• Developed by the U.S. military to create a bug
  bomb to combat malaria.
• Present day pressurized cans originated from that
  early research.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Beltsville Small White Turkey
• A 8-10 lb. turkey developed by USDA researchers.
• Need arose when American families decreased in
  size and 30lb. turkeys became too much.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• The Green Revolution
• Process whereby many countries became self
  sufficient in food production in the 1960s by
  using improved crop varieties and practices.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• The Green Industry
• The modern horticulture industry with emphasis on
  turf and landscape plants.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Cultivated Blueberries
• Blueberry industry launched when high-quality,
  large-fruited blueberries were developed.
• Blueberries had to be picked from the wild before
  this development.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Nutritional Values
• Detergent chemical methods were developed to
  analyze nutritional value of feed stuffs.
• Procedures now widely used in both human animal
  nutrition.

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Improving Life through Agriscience

• Biological Attractants
• Chemicals only produce short term results.
• Traps created to capture large numbers of insect
  populations for integrated pest management
  programs.

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Recent Breakthroughs in Agriscience

• Mastitis Reduced
• Human Nutrition
• Fire-Ant Control
• Coccidiosis Control

• Exotic Flowers
• Satellites Nitrogen-Gas Lasers
• Sugar Beet Rice Hybrids

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Agriscience and the Future

• The average American farmer produces enough food
  and fiber for 128 people.
• As the worlds population increases, it will
  require a more sophisticated agriscience industry
  to keep pace with
  demand.

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Agriscience and the Future

• The science of food production, processing, and
  distribution will require
• College graduates to fill roles as scientists,
  engineers, and other professionals.
• USDA reported an
  increased demand for graduates from
  agricultural colleges in the 90s.

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Designed By

• Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
• Hobbton High School