Purpose of the poster: With the recent outbreaks of avian influenza throughout the world, the reality of a pandemic coming to the United States is imminent. Little assistance would be provided from the government at a local level; being prepared for a

1
Purpose of the poster With the recent outbreaks
of avian influenza throughout the world, the
reality of a pandemic coming to the United States
is imminent. Little assistance would be provided
from the government at a local level being
prepared for a pandemic is essential. Provided
below is a description of the supplies that may
be needed, the type of procedures that could be
instituted in Winnebago County and more
specifically, the city of Oshkosh, and
individuals that would lead us through such an
event.
The department of health would be unable to
handle an increase patient load . As a result, it
would be important in maintaining the staff to
prevent the further spread of the disease.
Provided in this section is the amount of cases
hospitals could handle, those who would receive
priority to vaccines and antivirals, and the
responsibility of pharmacies to be well stocked
if a pandemic would occur.
Space available at the hospitals to care for the
ill 1Mercy Medical Center, Oshkosh 154-172
beds 15Aurora Medical Center, Oshkosh 80
beds 6St. Agnes Hospital, Fond du Lac 330
beds Note The amount of patients each hospital
is able handle depends on severity of each of
the cases and procedure that are being performed
on each them. Alternative locations to care for
ill 12Park Plaza Hotel, Oshkosh contains 179
guest rooms and suites Smaller Hotels American
Inn (Oshkosh), Holiday Inn (Oshkosh) 19Oshkosh
YMCAs 324 Washington Avenue, 3303 W 20th Avenue,
and 640 E County Road Y Reminder Population of
Oshkosh 63,000
Each family should have their own set of
stockpiled supplies in preparation for if a
pandemic were to occur. Many department and
grocery stores would likely run out of
necessities if an outbreak would hit. Listed are
supplies that each household should collect
BEFORE the infectious disease appears
2,3Emergency Workforce Team. The Common Council
for the City of Oshkosh-Paul J. Esslinger,
Shirley Brabender Mattox, Burk Tower, Bryan L.
Bain, Meredith Scheuermann-In charge of declaring
Emergency and has authority to ratify, alter,
modify, or repeal proclamation of emergency of
the City Manager if the Common Council is
initially unable to meet. Has authority to
legislate for whatever is necessary for the
health, safety, welfare and good order of the
city. (Example has authority to bar, restrict or
remove all necessary traffic, both vehicular and
pedestrian, from all local highways) Pandemic
Council Manager (Oshkosh Mayor)-William Castle
Jr.-If Common Council is unable to meet, the City
Manager has the authority to declare a state of
emergency. In charge of budget for the pandemic
event, decisions made for administrative board,
and gives advice to committee members and
authoritative personal. Has authority to draw up
contracts for emergency construction or repair of
public improvements, lease real properties or
structures deemed necessary for continued
operation of City government. In charge of
distributing rules and orders to implement
proclamation of emergency power. Pandemic General
Manager (Oshkosh Manager)-Richard A. Wollangk-In
charge of all personal movements, makes final
okay on decision, and informs departments of all
duties. Emergency Management Coordinator (Chief
of Oshkosh Fire Department or his/her
designee)-David Erickson, Timothy Franz-In charge
for performance and supervision of all members
involved with emergency planning. Is responsible
for City Manager but will assist in duties of
emergency and carry out proclamations, rules, and
orders set up for emergencies. Acts in
conjunction with State and other governmental
agencies to plan aid and services to city,
controls and direct emergency plan
training. Emergency Operational Plan Development
Team of the City-Municipal officers and employees
designated by City Manager-Works under the
direction and supervision of the Emergency
Management Coordinator, assists Coordinator in
carrying out his/her duties. Pandemic Health
Advisor (Health Advisor)-Paul Spiegel-In charge
of supervising the health care for those infected
with influenza, makes most decisions for personal
moves by healthcare workers. Emergency Pandemic
Housing Director (Housing Director)-Brad
Masterson-In charge of housing infected influenza
patients if hospitals are beyond their housing
capacity. Cemetery Supervisor-William Sturm- In
charge of having an adequate amount of coffins
made for the dead and providing enough spots for
them to be buried in a timely manner Communication
s Supervisor (OCAT Director)-Jon Urben- In charge
of informing the public of recent events
pertaining to the pandemic by use of television,
radio, newspaper, etc. Hazardous Waste Supervisor
(Sanitation)-Shaun Hutchinson-In charge of
discarding infectious waste from peoples homes
as well as public and private buildings. Transport
ation Supervisor (Transportation Director)-Mark
Huddleston-In charge of transporting the ill to
the hospitals or housing for proper
care. Utilities Supervisor (Utilities
Superintendent)-Stephan Brand-In charge of having
enough stocked provisions such as extra emergency
materials described earlier and vaccines. Police
and Fire Chiefs-David Erickson, Timothy Franz- In
charge of respective squads to ensure the
protection of the public. Police and firemen- Has
authority to enter any house to ensure protection
of health and safety of residents. ER and
Healthcare workers-Take care of those that have a
chance of surviving and properly protecting those
who are not ill Volunteers- Deliveries of
immediate needs to homes, spread of
communication, go house to house to find ill in
need of aid. Water and Sewage City Officials-
Control and monitor proper water and sewage
treatment under supervision of the City Clerk
5Flu Care Kit pain and fever reducer,
decongestant (pseudoephedrine), cough medicine,
thermometer, Vicks Vapor Rub, tea or
juice, chicken soup, throat lozenges, tissues,
Purell (hand sanitizer), Vitamin C, surgical
masks (see preventing flu section). Food
Stockpile-Accommodate for 5-6 weeks
non-perishable food items dried fruit, energy
bars, granola bars, crackers, easily prepared
foods (i.e. packaged pasta and rice), canned
goods (i.e. soup), vegetables, powdered milk,
oatmeal, Jell-O, peanut butter, spam,
tuna. Water Stockpile -1 gallon of
water/person/day -Have iodine purification kits
on hand, in case not enough bottled water is
stockpiled. -Assuming there is electricity, its
possible to use city water that is deemed safe,
by boiling water for at least one minute.
4,10Surgical masks the type of masks needed
are those that will keep small particles, out of
the mouth, nose, and lungs. It is important to
look for masks that are NIOSH approved. NIOSH
tests N95 masks and guarantees at least 95
filtration against solid and liquid aerosols that
do not contain oil. The masks keep out
particles that are .3 microns or larger in size
and can be purchased from a number of
manufacturers. It is recommended to have enough
masks for about 5-6 weeks. The masks may be
re-used if only worn for a couple of hours,
especially by adults. Children who may not be as
careful while wearing masks as adults may need to
change their masks more frequently. Since the
virus may live on the mask for up to three days
after exposure, it is recommended that the mask
be disposed of every 1-2 days.7 5Miscellaneous
Items cash and coins, insurance cards and ID,
family medical history, extra clothes,
blankets, first aid kit (bandages, gauzes,
disinfectants, soap, ice packs), bars of soap,
personal care items ( toothpaste, shampoo,
deodorants, etc), battery powered radios and
extra batteries, battery powered flashlights
and extra batteries, extra medications, dust
masks, games, books, cards, whistles, candles,
lighters, tools, can openers, plastic bags,
camping stove, duct tape.
Pharmacies To best prepare for a flu epidemic,
pharmacies need to remember the three Ps plan,
predict, and practice. Undoubtedly new situations
will arise during a pandemic that have not been
planned for, but the more situations that are
planned for, the more smoothly the crisis will
go. This is also where prediction comes into
play. Although it is unrealistic to expect
pharmacies to have every type of medication
available, it would be beneficial to have a large
stock of the most common medications that have a
long shelf-life. In addition, large stocks of
over-the-counter medications to treat symptoms of
flu would be favorable. Finally, practicing these
habits will be crucial to making the crisis go as
smoothly as possible.
First Aid Kit. Courtesy of Google Images.
Vaccines/Antiviral 17Prioritized list of those to
receive a vaccine/antiviral if available (from
first to last) Health care workers ( first to
receive), Public health officials, First
responders, Medical laboratory workers, Emergency
management personnel, National Guard members
called into Oshkosh, Long-term care facility
staff, High Risk Individuals (e.g. asthma, HIV),
Utility field workers (gas, electric, water,
sewer), Communications personnel, Fuel suppliers,
Waste management workers, Public transportation
drivers, Air travel personnel, Correction
workers, Morticians/coroners/medical examiners,
Pharmacists, Grocery store workers, fuel
attendants, Red cross workers, U.S. Postal
Service workers, Day care providers, Teachers,
Clergy, Remaining Population (last to receive).
3Other Employees that will be critical to
maintaining the city Police/Fire and
Rescue/Paramedics, Medical Staff, City Officials,
Pharmacists, Water treatment specialists, Power
company, Sanitation engineers, Media, Postal
services, Designated employees for gas stations,
grocery stores, Morticians, Volunteers to aid in
the proper care of the deceased in storage for a
later proper burial.
Other areas besides healthcare will also have an
increased workload. The funeral homes would
likely have to deal with an increase number of
dead if the outbreak became serious. The water
and sewage plants would have to find alternative
solutions to maintain a clean and healthy
environment for the city. The following sections
will provide possible solutions to these areas.

Many changes would have to occur in everyday
routines of the public to minimize the spread of
the flu. Limiting contact with individuals would
be key in containing the spread of the flu,
since it can be passed from an individual who
shows no obvious symptoms. Policies that would
help to minimize the exposure from other
individuals, as well as alternative methods that
would be used as a result, are listed below.
Disposal of Infection-Control Supplies The city
will provide infection control supplies to
medical care providers, teachers, and essential
service workers. Additionally, if there is a lack
of volunteers, supplies will be provided for
those who volunteer. Infectious waster will be
separated from others by the used of red
biohazard bags. City workers will collect these
bags on designated days, at designated times and
dispose of them. 9,13,14Water Treatment Currently
, there is enough chlorine to treat water for six
months. Additionally, The Water Filtration Plant
gets their chlorine from an in-town supplier, so
in the event of a pandemic, there would be
additional chlorine for purchase from the
supplier. 18Mortuaries Most burial would likely
need to known well ahead of time. The possibility
of increased deceased could lead to the use of
mass graves. Mortuaries in Oshkosh
Konrad-Behlman Funeral Homes Ltd. (Waugoo
Avenue), Konrad-Behlman Funeral Homes Ltd. (Lake
Pointe Drive), Fiss Bills Funeral Home, Seefeld
Family of Funeral Chapels (Eagle Street), Seefeld
Family of Funeral Chapels (Oregon Street),
Poklasny Funeral Home The amount of mortuaries
that are in Winnebago County 13
Healthcare Workers. Courtesy of Ice Technologies.
Role of the Media Since most public interaction
would be ceased other sources of communication
will be critical in keeping households up to date
in current events nationally as well as locally.
I. How will information reach the Community? A.
TV, radio, and Internet will be the most
effective forms of communication, while they
remain functional. B. A local website
should be created specifically for information
concerning the pandemic. 1.) Should be kept as
up-to-date as possible, and be able to handle
large amounts of traffic. 2.) Local
TV, radio stations, and newspapers should
communicate the web address. 3.) Not
all have internet access, so TV, radio,
newspapers, and possible trucks with
megaphones should provide as much information as
possible. C. A Flu-hotline may be
effective. 1.) Should be able to answer
specific questions of the public. 2.) Should
also be able to handle large amounts of
traffic. D. Small public meetings could be
set up for informing the public. 1.) Would be
less effective than other forms of media, but
would be interactive. 2.) Best if set up in
schools across the city. (Including the UWO
campus) E. In a worst case scenario 1.)
In a prolonged pandemic, many services and media
may stop functioning. 2.) Without these
services and media, vehicles equipped with audio
systems and a messenger on foot may be
the only modes of communication left. II. What
information should be provided? A. Vaccine
updates would be vital. B. Info on reported
cases would help inform the public of the current
state of the virus.
17Public Gathering Policies Public gatherings
would facilitate the faster spread of the virus.
A.) Types of businesses and places to be
closed 1.) All schools (Including college
campus) 2.) Recreational businesses - Such as
Theater, opera house, bowling alleys,
etc. 3.) Restaurants 4.) Taverns / Pubs /
Bars 5.) Churches B.) Types of gatherings /
events to be restricted 1.) Miscellaneous
celebrations - Such as Birthday and Graduation
parties 2.) Funerals 3.) Weddings
(Redundant to Church closings) C.) Types of
businesses and places to remain open 1.)
Hospitals 2.) City Hall 3.) All grocery stores
- Such as Pick n Save, Festival Foods,
etc. 4.) Some major department stores - Primary
location Wal-mart (North-side),
Secondary location Target (South-side) 5.)
Limited Specialty Healthcare Ex. Dentist, Eye
Doctor (emergency conditions only).
One of the major problems that could occur
during an outbreak is mass chaos due to the lack
of organization within a city . It is essential
to have certain individuals take responsibilities
of specific city departments if an outbreak
arises. Here is a list of individuals that would
be in charge and descriptions of tasks that they
would control during the pandemic to help
maintain the public order.
Type N95 NIOSH Approved Respirator Masks.
Courtesy of Google Images.
17If a pandemic occurred, participants on Oshkosh
Board of Health Dr. Barbara Strand-Chair
Affinity Medical Group, Jamie Bonell- APNP,CFNP
Aurora Medical Group, Burk Tower- Council
Representative, Christine Kniep- UW Extensions,
Susan Panek-United Way. Alternates Stan Kline,
Mardell Sowers. Goals Disease prevention,
wellness promotion, and maintaining a healthy and
safe environment. 8Participants in the process
of preparing a Flu Plan for Oshkosh Paul
Spiegel- Health Director, Denise Krueger-R.N.,
Tracy Mrochek- R.N. 16Top executives of
Winnebago County assisting the efforts of
preparing the pandemic flu plan J. Maichle
Bacon-Public Health Administrator, Karen
Ayala-Health Support Services Director, Joyce
Bass-Clinical Services Director, Sheila
Kloster-Operations Director, Larry
Swacina-Environmental Health Director Goal View
Winnebago County as an entity and to address each
town/city individually by assisting them in
improvements of each flu plan and manage the
control of the outbreak in each of its individual
towns.
Final Statement At this point in time, we are
nationally and locally unprepared in the event of
a pandemic outbreak. The amount of support from a
national level which a household could expect is
limited, thus it is important to prepare for
individual needs. It is essential to educate
oneself, becoming aware of changes that would
occur in ones city. Being prepared and educated
makes one better equipped to survive a pandemic.

Reference List 1- Affinity Health System.(2006)
Mercy Medical Center, Oshkosh. Affinity Health
Systems. Retrieved March 28, 2006.
http//www.affinityhealth.org/object/mmchospital.
html 2- City of Oshkosh,Wisconsin. (2006, May)
Department Contact. City of Oshkosh on the Water.
Retrieved February 4,2006. http//www.ci.oshkosh.
wi.us/Department_Contact.htm 3- City of Oshkosh,
Wisconsin. (2006, May) Health Services Division.
City of Oshkosh on the Water. Retrieved April
18, 2006. http//www.ci.oshkosh.wi.us/Health/Heal
th.htm. 4- Gallaway Safety.Gallaway Safety and
Supply Featured Product N95. (2006). Retrieved
February 2006. www.gallawaysafety.com/index.php?m
ain_pageindexcPath15 5- Harpo Productions,
Inc. (2006, January). The Oprah Winfrey Show-Bird
Flu The Untold Story. Retrieved February 6,
2006,from www.oprah.com/tows/pastshows/200601/tow
s_past_20060124.jhtml 6- Housing and Nursing Home
Profiles. (2006) St. Agnes Hospital-Fond du
Lac,Wisconsin .Hospital-Data.com. Retrieved April
2006. http//www.hospital-data.com/hospitals/ST-
AGNES-HOSPITAL-FOND-DU-LAC.html 7- Jelsoft
Enterprises. (2000-2006). Global Current Events
Discussion Forum- N100 Masks vs. N95.
CurEvents.com. Retrieved Febuary 7, 2006.
www.curevents.com/vb/archive/index.php/t-10241.ht
ml 8- Kruger, Denise Mrochek, Tracy. Pandemic
Influenza Not If..When. Meeting attended by
Joseph Putrow. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Reeve Union
(Wisconsin Room). March 6, 2006. 9- Kruzick, T.
E. (2006, April 10). Telephone Interview. 10-
Magellans-Americas Leading Source of Travel
Supplies. (2006). Retrieved February 6, 2006,
from www.magellans.com/store/HealthAirPurifiersIF1
15?Args 11- Minneasota Health Department. (2006)
Avian Flu Pandemic. Minneasota Board of
Departments. Retrieved Febuary 5, 2006.
www.health.state.mn/div/idepe/diseases/flu/avian/
gov.htm 12- Park Plaza Hotels and Resorts.
(2006). Park Plaza Oshkosh. Retrieved
April 2006. http//www.parkplaza.com/oshkoshwi 13
- The Right-to-Know Network. (2006). Retrieved on
April 10, 2006, from www.rtknet.org/rmp/sum7/WI/f
ac100000140377 14- The Right-to-Know Network.
(2006). Retrieved on April 10, 2006, from
www.rtknet.org/rmp/sum7/WI/fac100000140411 15-
Tisinai, Cindy. Online Interview. February 28,
2006. 16- Winnebago County Health Department.
(2006). About Us. Winnebago County. Retrieved
April 20, 2006. http//www.wchd.org/about.cfm 17-
Wisconsin Bureau of Health Information and
Policy. (2006, November) Wisconsin Board on
Health Care Information. Wisconsin.gov. Retrieved
April 28, 2006. http//www.bhci.state.wi.us/membe
rs/index.htm 18- Wisconsin Funeral Directors
Association. (2006) Wisconsin Funeral Homes
Funeral Providers. US Funerals Online. Retrieved
April 10, 2006. http//us-funerals.com/funeral-h
omes-by-state/wisconsin-funeral-directors07.html 1
9- YMCA. (2006) Oshkosh Community Y. Retrieved
March 2006. http//www.oshkoshymca.org/
Elderly and those who are in long care
facilities Those with weak immune systems are the
least susceptible in contracting avian influenza.
Family members and health care workers should
continue their checkups with this demographic.
The elderly and those in long term facilities
should not be forgotten, for there will be
regular checks on their health through a series
of rotations by voluntary citizens if they have
no others to do so.
Community Communication (e.g. moving goods and
services) Only supplies that are essential would
be transported and only specific individuals or
companies would be allowed to move those goods.
Critical supplies- food (non-perishables),
bottled water, first aid supplies, health,
beauty, and hygiene aids (soaps, toiletries,
etc), medications (prescriptions), flu care
kits, diapers, baby formula/food, pet food. Those
who would deliver critical supplies- trucking
contract haulers. -Schneider International,
Roadway, J.B. Hunt, N/M Transfer, Oshkosh Truck
(more construction than transfer, but did help in
the Katrina hurricane)
For additional information please contact Dr.
Teri Shors Department of Biology University of
Wisconsin shors_at_uwosh.edu
Quarantine If deemed necessary by the emergency
workforce team, a quarantine and curfew will be
imposed on all Oshkosh residents. The highway 41
exits will be closed, as well as the surrounding
chain of lakes. Only immediate family members
will be allowed to travel into the city, with
nobody exiting. The movement of goods will be
done on the outer boundaries of the city and will
be regulated by local law enforcement. A curfew
of 10 p.m. will be imposed to help prevent
looting, once the workforce team deems it
necessary.
Avian Influenza. Compliments of Google Images.
Avian Influenza (In a Flap). Courtesy of Google
Images.