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An Introduction to Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Title: An Introduction to Alternative and Complementary Medicine


1
An Introduction to Alternative and Complementary
Medicine
  • NUTR 547 Nutrition Update
  • David L. Gee, PhD
  • Summer 2006

2
Definitions
  • Allopathic Medicine
  • A system of medicine that embraces all methods of
    proven value in the treatment of disease.
  • Conventional medicine, Western Medicine
  • Complementary and Alternaitive Medicine
  • a group of diverse medical and health care
    systems, practices, and products that are not
    presently considered to be part of conventional
    medicine. (NCCAM, 2006)

3
Definitions
  • Alternative medicine
  • used in place of conventional medicine
  • using special diet to treat cancer instead of
    chemotherapy, surgery, etc...
  • Complementary medicine
  • used together with conventional medicine
  • using aroma therapy to relieve discomfort
    following surgery
  • Integrative medicine
  • combines mainstream and CAM therapies for which
    there is some high-quality scientific evidence of
    safety and effectiveness.

4
A glimpse of CAM in American history.
  • Bible Christian Evangelist (1794-1851)
  • Promoted homeopathic medicine and the belief of
    natural living
  • Dyspepsia caused by diets too
    concentratedbreak up diet by putting back the
    bran
  • Meat excited vile tempers and habitsdrove men to
    sexual excesses
  • Cold baths, exercise, fresh air, cold food
  • Sylvester Graham
  • Inventor of the Graham Cracker

5
A glimpse of CAM in American history.
  • Adventist Sister Ellen White
  • Upon advice from the Lord, built the Western
    Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, MI.
  • Employed a medical physician
  • Daily enemas, vegetarianism, whole grain advocate
  • Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, Harvey Firestone
    became patients
  • Developed wheat flake cereal
  • Dr. John Harvey Kellogg
  • Younger brother, William Kellogg, develops the
    corn flake cereal, leaves brother and established
    his own company (WK Kellogg company) in 1906

6
A glimpse of CAM in American history.
  • In 1891, a well-to-do real estate salesman and
    blanket manufacturer was a patient at the Battle
    Creek Sanitarium
  • Spent his fortune at Battle Creek trying to
    recover his health. Asked Kellogg if he could
    promote a new coffee cereal was denied.
  • Left Battle Creek, became a Christian Scientist,
    started his own sanitarium and cereal company
    (with some of Kelloggs formulations!)
  • Cereal coffee- Postum could cure coffee
    neuralgia and cofee heart
  • Broken bits of sheets of baked wheat Grape Nuts
  • His name C.W. Post

7
The Use of CAM in the US.2004 Report by NCCAM
NCHS
  • 36 of Americans use CAM

8
Who uses CAM the most?
  • Women more than men
  • people with higher education
  • people who have been hospitalized in past year
  • former smokers (more than current or never smoked)

9
Types of CAMdefined by NCCAM, 2006
  • Mind-Body Medicine
  • techniques designed to enhance the mind's
    capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms
  • meditation, mental healing
  • Energy Medicine
  • therapies affecting body energy fields (qi
    gong, healing touch, Reiki) or unconventional use
    of electro-magnetic fieldsusing
  • Manipulative and Body-based Practices
  • chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation or
    massage therapy
  • Biologically based products
  • herbs and other dietary supplements

10
  • Mind-body medicine used most (if including
    prayer)
  • Biologically based practices used most if prayer
    excluded

11
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12
Spending on CAMEisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner
SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in
the United States, 1990-1997 results of a
follow-up national survey. JAMA.
1998280(18)1569-1575.
  • 36-47 billion in 1997
  • 12-20 billion out of pocket
  • more than spent out of pocket for
    hospitalizations
  • half of what was spent out of pocket for
    physician services
  • 5 billion spent on herbal supplements

13
So why study CAM ?
  • Many Americans utilize CAM
  • Money
  • Alternative vs Complementary Medicine
  • CAM interactions with Allopathic medicine
  • drug interactions
  • nutrient interactions
  • Most commonly used type of CAM are dietary
    supplements/herbs
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