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SELECTING PERFORMANCE GREASE: Ten Crucial Questions

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SELECTING PERFORMANCE GREASE: Ten Crucial Questions Presented 4-13-2006 By Don Oldiges Principles of Selection Manufacturer recommendations Manufacturers usually ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SELECTING PERFORMANCE GREASE: Ten Crucial Questions


1
SELECTING PERFORMANCE GREASE Ten Crucial
Questions
  • Presented
  • 4-13-2006
  • By
  • Don Oldiges

2
Principles of Selection
  • Manufacturer recommendations
  • Manufacturers usually provide a list of
    lubricants that meet the operating requirements
    for their equipment. (note that the equipment
    manufacturer's recommendation should not
    necessarily be considered the best selection.
  • Lubricant producer recommendations
  • When manufacturers recommend lubricants for their
    products in terms of specifications or required
    qualities rather than particular brand names,
    lubricant producers should be consulted to obtain
    advice on products that comply with the required
    specifications.
  • User selection
  • The user should follow the manufacturer's
    specification ensure that applicable criteria are
    met regardless of who makes the lubricant
    selection.

3
Demands on Grease Performance
4
Performance Objectives of Grease
  • To remain in contact with moving surfaces and
    provide lubrication even under the stress of
    gravity, centrifugal action or pressure.
  • To retain its properties under use conditions at
    all levels of shear and temperature.
  • While performing the above, the grease must still
    be able to flow or be pumped where it is needed.

5
1 Know When to Use Grease
  • Applications suitable for performance grease.
  • Machinery that is idle for long periods.
  • Moving parts that are Sealed for Life
  • Surfaces that are exposed to extreme conditions.
  • Extending the life of worn components.
  • Functional Properties
  • Sealant to minimize leakage
  • Sealant to minimize contamination
  • Rigidity holds it in place where its needed
  • Holds finely ground solid lubricants like moly or
    teflon.

6
2 Know the Types of Grease
Grease is classified by penetration number and by
type of soap or other thickener.
  • Aluminum, conventional
  • Aluminum, complex
  • Calcium, conventional
  • Calcium, anhydrous
  • Calcium, complex
  • Lithium, conventional
  • Lithium, complex
  • Polyurea
  • Organo-clay
  • Silicone

7
What is Grease?
Soap Lithium, Sodium, Barium, Calcium,
Aluminum Non-Soap (inorganic) Clay, Graphite,
Silica Carbon Black Non-Soap (organic) Polyurea,
PTFE, Wax
  • Antioxidant
  • Antiwear
  • Antirust
  • Anticorrosion
  • Extreme pressure
  • VI Improver
  • Tackifier
  • Pour Point Depressant
  • Solid Boundary Lubricants
  • Dye
  • Petroleum Oils
  • Polyalpha Olefins (PAO)
  • Polybutenes
  • Esters
  • Polyglycols
  • Polyethers
  • Silicones
  • PFPE

8
Grease Compatibility Chart
All greases are not created equal, caution must
be exercised when replacing or refilling a grease.
12
12
C Usually compatible. B Borderline
compatibility (probably incompatible). I
Incompatible
9
What Do Most People Use?
2004 Global Production per NLGI Survey
10
3 Know your Classifications
Professional societies and organizations have
established classifications for oil and grease.
The most widely encountered are those of the
following organizations
  • SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)
  • API (American Petroleum Institute)
  • AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association),
  • ISO (International Standards Organization)
  • NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute).

11
NLGI grease classification
12
4 Know the Typical Performance Properties of
Each type of Grease
13
5 Know Any Special Requirements
  • Special Performance Requirements
  • Federal Specs and Standards
  • Mil Specs and Standards
  • Food Grade Specifications
  • ISO Standards
  • ASTM Specifications

14
6 Know the Grease Characteristics Required for
the Application
  • Apparent Viscosity (non-Newtonian)
  • Bleeding, Migration, Oil Separation
  • Consistency, Penetration, NLGI Numbers
  • Corrosion, Rust and Water Resistance
  • Dropping Point
  • Evaporation
  • Oxidation Stability
  • Pumpability
  • Shear Stability
  • Temperature effects
  • Pressure Effects

15
Typical Grease Tests
16
Common Test Equipment
Penetrometer
Grease Worker
17
What is Penetration?
  • ASTM D-217
  • Penetration with respect to a lubricating grease,
    is the depth (in tenths of a millimeter) that a
    standard cone penetrates a sample of the grease
    under prescribed conditions of weight, time, and
    temperature.
  • Penetration is a measure of consistency of a
    grease to determine its plasticity.

18
Grease Shear StabilityMotor-Matic Grease Worker
Test
  • Shear or mechanical stability of a grease is its
    ability to withstand repeated working with
    minimum change in its structure or stability.
  • The shearing action in the test apparatus
    simulates the working of the grease in service.
  • The consistency is measured after 60 strokes and
    repeated after 10,000 or more strokes.
  • ASTM D-217-A

19
Four Ball EP Test
  • The test is the determination of the
    load-carrying capacity of a lubricant in
    kilograms applied to a system of four steel balls
    in the form of a tetrahedron.
  • The results are used to evaluate the EP
    characteristic of the lubricant by a load scar
    curve and weld point.
  • The procedure consists of a series of 10-second
    runs made at pre-selected and successively higher
    loads until the welding of the four balls occurs.
  • ASTM D-2783

20
Simple Rotational Viscometer ("Brookfield type")
  • This device measures fluid viscosity at fixed
    rotation speeds by driving a measurement tool
    ("spindle"), immersed in the test fluid, through
    a calibrated torsion spring. Viscous drag of the
    fluid against the spindle causes the spring to
    deflect, and this deflection is correlated with
    torque. The calculated shear rate depends on the
    rotation speed, the tool geometry, and the size
    and shape of the sample container. Conversion
    factors are needed to calculate viscosity from
    the measured torque, and are typically
    pre-calibrated for specific tool and container
    geometries.

21
Viscosity Grade Comparisons
22
7 Know how the Grease is Applied
  • Automatic lubricating systems
  • Pressure Injectors
  • Metering pump
  • Hand operated grease applicator
  • Cartridge Grease Gun
  • Grease Filler Pump
  • Brush

23
Example of a Large Automatic Lube Application
System
24
8 Know the Packaging Required Available
Cartridges
Small Containers
Aerosols
Pails
Drums or Totes
25
9 Know the Marketing/Supply Channel
Where do I go to get Good grease?
CO-OP/ BUYING GROUP
PRIVATE LABELER
GREASE MAKER
DISTRIBUTOR
26
10 Know the Life Cycle Fate
27
QUESTIONS???
28
(No Transcript)
29
Anhydrous Calcium Grease
Excess Ca Hydroxide
Hydroxyl from 12-HSA
Ca Stearate
30
Bentonite Clay Grease
Quaternary Amine
Hydrocarbon
SiO2
Hydrocarbon
31
Calcium Complex Grease
Ca Hydroxyl
Ca Carboxylate
Excess Ca Hydroxide
Ca Acetate
32
Lithium Complex Grease
Ketostearate
Excess Li Hydroxide
Hydroxyl from 12-HSA
Lithium Doublet
Hydrocarbon
33
Lithium 12-Hydroxy Grease
Excess Li Hydroxide
Ketostearate
Hydroxyl from 12-HSA
Lithium Doublet
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
34
Aluminum Complex Grease
Aluminum Hydroxyl
Aluminum Triplet
Aluminum Stearate
Hydrocarbon
35
Silicone Grease
Hydrocarbon
SiO2
36
Fluorosilicone Grease
37
Polyurea Grease
Amine
Hydrocarbon
38
Fatty Acids for Grease
39
Grease Reactions
40
Trimer Reaction
41
PAO 4
42
PAO 40
43
ExxonMobil Synthetic Oils
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