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Ten Common Logical Fallacies

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Ten Common Logical Fallacies English Composition 101 #1: Hasty Generalization Even though I KNOW that none of you are judgmental, a quick or snap generalization about ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ten Common Logical Fallacies


1
Ten Common Logical Fallacies
  • English Composition 101

2
1 Hasty Generalization
  • Even though I KNOW that none of you are
    judgmental, a quick or snap generalization about
    a person, place, or thing can seriously interfere
    with your writing.
  • Based on insufficient evidence be wary, be very
    wary!

3
2 Ad Hominem
  • Shifting your argument from objective to
    personal.
  • Attack the author instead of the argument.
  • Ex. My Turn

4
3 Appeal to Authority
  • Authority is not always an expert on the subject
  • Ex. Doctors in commercial ads.
  • Forget about other side of argument
  • Hardest thing to do!

5
4 Straw Man
  • Inaccurate presentation of ideas
  • Creates a straw man or argument that is easy to
    knock down

6
5 False Analogy
  • Can leader readers and writers astray if it does
    not hold true
  • Are the two ideas being compared similar?

7
6 Post Hoc or False Cause
  • Ideas that follow one another can be directly
    correlated.
  • May not cause the other
  • Ex. Loser record fired coaches

8
7 Appeal to Popularity
  • Popularity equals truth and reason
  • Advertisers love this fallacy
  • Ex. Mean Girls
  • Majority can be wrong!

9
8 Slippery Slope
  • Reasoning has lost its footing.
  • No logical route to follow to specific conclusion.

10
9 Either/or Fallacy
  • Black and White Good vs. Evil
  • Colorful world we live in
  • Shades and shadows
  • Not the only choices
  • Both/and

11
10 Begging the Question
  • Circular reasoning
  • Assumes truth without proof
  • Ex. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
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