The Trojan War

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The Trojan War

• Not Hollywoods Version

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How it all started

• Eris Goddess of Discord
• Threw the Apple of Discord into a wedding dance
  (that she wasnt invited to) with a tag that read
  For the Fairest.

• Aphrodite
• Hera
• Athena
• They all fought over who was the fairest and
  asked Zeus to judge.

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Paris Involvement

• All 3 goddesses promised Paris things if he would
  choose them
• Athena
• Promised he would defeat the Greeks
• Hera
• Promised he would be the lord of Europe and Asia
• Aphrodite
• Promised him the fairest mortal to be his bride

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Meanwhile, Back in Greece

• Helen has married Menelaus and they both rule
  over Sparta.
• Helens father, King Tyndareus, warned all of
  punishment to anyone who disrupted the marriage.
• Aphrodite lead Paris to Sparta for a visit.
  Menelaus and Helen were very welcoming to him.
  Then Menelaus left for a business trip to Crete.
  Paris went back to Troy with Helen.

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The Meeting of the Greeks

• Kings of Greece
• Menelaus (married to Helen) (of Sparta)
• Agamemnon (married to Clytemnestra) (of Mycenae)
• Nestor (of Pylos)
• Odysseus (married to Penelope) (of Ithaca)
• Achilles (of Phthia)
• Odysseus and Achilles didnt show up at the
  meeting.

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The Face that Launched 1,000 Ships

• A strong wind held the ships back because Artemis
  was angry. The only way to make it up to her was
  by sacrificing Iphigenia.
• Iphigenia was Agamemnons oldest daughter.
• The oracle claimed that the first person to
  arrive on the shores of Troy would be the first
  to die in battleProtesilaus

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Mount Ida
Achilles
Odysseus
Ajax
Agamemnon
Nestor
Menelaus
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Taking Sides

• Greeks
• Menelaus, Agamemnon, Nestor, Odysseus, Achilles
• Ajax, Diomedes, Patroculs
• Hera, Athena, Poseidon

• Trojans
• King Priam, Queen Hecuba, Prince Paris, Prince
  Hector, Prince Aeneas
• Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis

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Battles

• Menelaus VS Paris (saved by Aphrodite)
• Diomedes VS Aeneas (saved by Artemis)
• Diomedes VS Hector (hurt the gods)
• Patroclus VS Hector
• Patroclus was dressed in Achilles armor
• Achilles VS Hector
• Patroclus was Achilles best friendhis revenge
  was brutal.
• Achilles VS Paris

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Those Sneaky Greeks

• The wooden horse
• Thought up by Odysseus
• Laocoon, a priest from Troy, warned his
  countrymen, I fear the Greeks, even when they
  bring gifts.
• Inside the horse Odysseus, Pyrrhus, Agamemnon,
  Menelaus

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The battle inside Troy

• Odysseus Shot Paris
• Achilles son killed King Priam
• Prince Aeneas escaped
• Helen was returned to Menelaus

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The Odyssey By Homer
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The Odyssey is a story about a hero . . .
Odysseus
Adventure lurks around every corner during
Odysseuss journey home.
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Scholars credit the blind poet Homer with
authorship of The Odyssey and The Iliad written
about 800 B.C.
Both stories were first told orally and may not
have been written down until several generations
later.
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The role of gods and goddesses
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The Ancient Greeks believed in many different
gods and goddesses. The Greeks believed that
these gods and goddesses controlled everything in
their lives. There was a god for many aspects of
life. It was important to please the gods happy
gods helped you, but unhappy gods punished you.
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The Greeks believed that the most important gods
and goddesses lived at the top of Mount Olympus,
the highest mountain in northern Greece.
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The gods were a family and, just like a human
family, they argued as well as looking after each
other.
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The trip home from Troy

• Athena felt wronged after the war and convinced
  Poseidon to make the Greeks trip home difficult.
• Storms blew ships in all different directions
• Odysseus wouldnt arrive home for another 10
  years.

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During Odysseuss journey home, some gods and
goddesses helped him.
Other gods and goddesses attempted to keep
Odysseus from returning home.
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Zeus
Zeus is the supreme ruler of Mount Olympus and of
the gods who reside there.
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Athena
Athena is the goddess of wisdom, war, the arts,
industry, justice and skill. She is also Zeuss
daughter.
She frequently helps Odysseus, who was well-known
for his clever mind.
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Hermes
the messenger of the gods
In addition to being the god of invention,
commerce, and cunning, Hermes is also Zeuss son.
Hermes helps Odysseus several times in The
Odyssey.
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Some goddesses both help and hinder Odysseus
during his journey home.
Circe, a goddess and enchantress will use her
magic to toy with Odysseus.
The sea goddess Calypso delays Odysseuss return
home because of her desire for companionship.
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Poseidon
Poseidon is the god of the sea, earthquakes, and
horses.
Poseidon is also the father of the one-eyed
cyclopes.
Odysseuss excessive pride angers Poseidon.
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Helios/Apollo
As the god of the Sun, Helios rides a chariot
drawn by horses through the sky, bringing light
to the earth.
Odysseus angers Helios when his men ignore
Helioss warnings.
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The Illiad

• before The Odyssey

The Trojan War
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The Heroic Story of Odysseus

• Odysseus longs to return home after ten years of
  fighting in the Trojan War.
• He begins the trip home with 12 ships carrying
  720 men.
• The gods and goddesses toy with Odysseus,
  creating obstacles which delay his journey home
  another ten years.
• Odysseuss intelligence set him apart from
  others.

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Back in Ithaca

• In Ithaca, all assumed Odysseus dead except his
  wife, Penelope and son, Telemachus. Penelope was
  receiving suitors at her door, but she stalled by
  claiming to be weaving a burial shroud for
  Odysseus father, Laertes, which had to be done
  before she could marry. She wove during the day
  and unwove it at night until the suitors found
  her out.

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Athenas forgiveness

• In the end, Athena made it possible for Calypso
  to release Odysseus so he could go home. She
  also decided to send Telemachus on a journey of
  his own to seek news of his father. Athena went
  to Telemachus disguised as an old man and told
  him to go to Nestor and Menelaus to find news.

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Story within a Story

• The Odyssey has two plots the main plot is of
  Odysseus traveling from Calypsos island home to
  Ithaca.
• While Odysseus is traveling to Ithaca, he stops
  at many places along the way telling the story of
  where he has been as he goes.

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Important Literary Terms

• Epic
• Epic Hero
• Epic Simile
• Epithet

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Epic

• An epic is a long narrative poem that tells about
  the adventures of a hero who reflects the ideals
  and values of a nation or race.
• The epic portrays the past, but it is an
  imaginary past.

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Epic Hero

• An epic hero is a larger-than-life figure,
  usually male, who embodies the ideals of a nation
  or race.
• Epic heroes take part in long, dangerous
  adventures and accomplish great deeds that
  require courage and superhuman strength.

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Epic Simile

• A simile is a comparison of two things using like
  or as.
• An EPIC SIMILE is a longer, more detailed simile
  that can go on for several lines.
• Example And Odysseus let the bright molten
  tears run down his cheeks, weeping like the way
  a wife mourns for her lord on the lost field
  where he has gone down fighting the day of wrath
  that came upon his children . . .

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Epithet

• An epithet is a brief descriptive phrase that
  helps to characterize a person or thing.
• Example Son of Laertes and the gods of old,
  Odysseus, master mariner and soldier. . .
• Epithets were used to give story telling a
  musical effect.

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The End
Get ready to enjoy Homers The Odyssey!