Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

• Obstetrics
• Gynecology/Oncology
• Infertility

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Ultrasound in Obstetrics

• Early gestation ultrasound
• First trimester screening
• Ultrasound guided procedures
• Cervical length
• Level II ultrasound
• Targeted scan
• Fetal echocardiography
• Growth scan
• Doppler sonography

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Early gestation ultrasound

• Intra- or extra-uterine pregnancy
• Prognosis of pregnancy
• Number of fetuses
• Dating

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First trimester screening with ultrasound

• Screening for Down syndrome
• Nuchal translucency
• Nasal bone
• Combination with biochemical markers
• Screening for cardiac defects
• Nuchal translucency

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Level II sonogram

• Should it be performed routinely?
• When should it be performed?
• Which organs should level II sonogram include?

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Indications for Fetal -Echocardiography

• Suspected cardiac anomalies on sonogram
• Non cardiac fetal anomalies detected
• Fetal arrhythmia
• Maternal/Paternal/Siblings with cardiac defects
• Exposure to teratogens viral and drugs
• Diabetes
• SLE (anti Ro/La)
• Genetic and chromosomal diseases

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Doppler Sonography

• Indications
• IUGR
• Pre-eclampsia
• Twin-to-Twin-Transfusion
• Isoimmunization

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Doppler Sonography

• Vessels to study
• Umbilical artery
• Middle cerebral artery
• Inferior vena cava
• Ductus venosus
• Umbilical vein

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Doppler Sonography

• Pathological findings
• Umbilical artery RDV, AEDV, high S/D
• MCA Low S/D or PI, high PV
• IVC Increased reversed flow
• DV decreased forward and appearance of reverse
  flow
• Umbilical vein - pulsations