Title: Best Management Practices and the Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Model
1Best Management Practices and the Chesapeake Bay
Program Watershed Model
- Jeff Sweeney
- University of Maryland
- Chesapeake Bay Program Office
- jsweeney_at_chesapeakebay.net
- 410-267-9844
- Potomac Watershed Forum IV
- George Mason University - Prince William Campus
- August 12, 2005
2Chesapeake Bay ProgramCurrent Modeling Structure
3Purposes of the Chesapeake Bay ProgramWatershed
Model
- Measure the environmental effects of particular
management schemes for planning purposes. - Whats the impact of BMP implementation on
nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads? - Results help direct tributary strategy
development - What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang
for the buck? - Load allocations
- Equitably account for all load sources.
- Measure of loading cap maintenance
- Provide loads to the Estuary Model
- Whats the impact of BMP implementation on living
resources/water quality? - What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang
for the buck? - Remove impairments by 2010
- Attainment of water quality standards in the
Chesapeake Bay will be determined by tidal water
monitoring data, not the models.
4VA Lower PotomacLoad and BMP Data
5VA Lower PotomacNitrogen Loads to the Chesapeake
Bay
2003 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
6VA Lower PotomacPhosphorus Loads to the
Chesapeake Bay
2003 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
7VA Lower PotomacSediment Loads to the Chesapeake
Bay
2003 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
8Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy
Agricultural BMPs
BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary
Strategy
9Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy Urban
and Mixed Open BMPs
BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary
Strategy
10Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy
Forest, Septic and Shoreline BMPs
BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary
Strategy
11Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for
BMPs
Input Data
River Simulation
Opportunities for BMPs
Land Simulation
Output
12Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for
BMPs
- BMPs involving landuse conversions
- BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies - BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies - BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
- Diet and feed changes
- Manure transport
- Nutrient management applications
13BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
14BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
15AgriculturalBMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
Load reductions attributed to movement to
lower-exporting landuses.
16Urban, Mixed Open and Septic BMPs Involving
Landuse and Source Conversions
- Load reductions attributed to
- movement to lower-exporting landuses.
- In the case of septic connections,
- its assumed in the hook-up of
- septic to sewer, load is now part of
- tracked point source discharge.
17Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for
BMPs
- BMPs involving landuse conversions
- BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies - BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies - BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
- Diet and feed changes
- Manure transport
- Nutrient management applications
18BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction
Efficiencies
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
19BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction
Efficiencies
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
20BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction
Efficiencies
- How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model
- Reduction acres treated by BMP BMP efficiency
- total segment acres
- By Landuse and Model Segment
21BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction
Efficiencies
- How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model
- BMPs That Cannot Be Applied To Same Landuse
- Mutually Exclusive Additive In Nutrient
Reduction Capabilities - Examples
- Riparian forest and grass buffers
- Pasture grazing BMPs
- Urban stormwater BMPs
- Several BMPs On Same Landuse Consecutive
- One BMP Reduces The Nutrients Available For
Subsequent BMPs Multiplicative In Nutrient
Reduction - Examples
- Conservation Plans
- Cover Crops
22Agricultural BMPsWith Nutrient and Sediment
Reduction Efficiencies
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are
collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and
Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after
appraisal of literature and/or best professional
judgment.
23Urban and Mixed Open BMPsWith Nutrient and
Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are
collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and
Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after
appraisal of literature and/or best professional
judgment.
24Urban, Septic and Forestry BMPsWith Nutrient and
Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are
collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and
Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after
appraisal of literature and/or best professional
judgment.
25Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for
BMPs
- BMPs involving landuse conversions
- BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies - BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies - BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
- Diet and feed changes
- Manure transport
- Nutrient management applications
26Agricultural BMPs With Both Landuse Conversions
and Reduction Efficiencies
- Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies
- vary by hydro-geomorphic region.
- Wetland restoration is treated the
- same as riparian forest buffers.
- Forest and grass buffers are additive between
each - other but multiplicative with other BMPs.
27Urban and Mixed Open BMPs With Both Landuse
Conversions and Reduction Efficiencies
- Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies for
mixed open vary by hydro-geomorphic region. - Wetland restoration is treated the
- same as riparian forest buffers.
28Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for
BMPs
- BMPs involving landuse conversions
- BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies - BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies - BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
- Diet and feed changes
- Manure transport
- Nutrient management applications
29BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to
Cropland
30BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to
CroplandNutrient Management Applications
- Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and
P-based nutrient management. - Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from
state agricultural agencies.
31BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to
Cropland Nutrient Management Applications
- Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and
P-based nutrient management. - Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from
state agricultural agencies.
32BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to
Cropland Nutrient Management Applications
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
33BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to
Cropland Nutrient Management Applications
Fertilizer
Atmosphere
Manure
Runoff
34BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
35Chesapeake Bay Program Phase 5 Watershed Model
36Chesapeake Bay WatershedModeled Landuses
All BMPs applied to Phase 4.3 model landuses
must be accurately distributed to Phase 5
landuses
37Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelBMP Spatial Scale
Phase 4 County-Segments
- BMP implementation levels are known or have been
submitted by jurisdictions in the following
spatial scales - state
- state-segment
- tributary strategy basin
- TMDL basin
- county
- county-basin
- county-segment
- point (latitude-longitude)
38Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelBMP Spatial Scale
Phase 5 Land Segments
Phase 5 River Segments
39Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelExtension for
Phase 5
Phase 5 Watershed Model Extention
40Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelCalibration
Phase 4.3 Calibration
Phase 5 Calibration
Calibration sites 26 Watersheds 94 Land uses
9 Simulation Years 17
CB Watershed Calibration sites 237 Watersheds
684 Land uses 24 Simulation Years 20
Extended Network Calibration sites
296 Watersheds 899
41Chesapeake Bay Program Models
- Attainment of water quality standards in the
Chesapeake Bay will be determined by tidal water
monitoring data, not the models.
42Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelInformation
Resources
- http//www.chesapeakebay.net/tribtools.htm
- Watershed Model Inputs and Outputs
- Best Management Practices
- Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Reports
- Presentations
- Cap Setting and Allocation
- Chesapeake Bay Models
- http//www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/1127.pdf
- Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Land Use and Model
Linkages to the Airshed and Estuarine Models - http//www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/777.pdf
- Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Applications
Calculation Of Nutrient Sediment Loadings -
Appendix H Tracking Best Management Practice
Nutrient Reductions in the Chesapeake Bay Program
- http//www.chesapeakebay.net/committee.htm
- Nutrient Subcommittee
- Agricultural Nutrient Reduction Workgroup
- Forestry Workgroup
- Point Source Workgroup
- Sediment Workgroup
- Tributary Strategy Workgroup
- Urban Stormwater Workgroup