Title: Exploring American History Unit VII – Beginning of Modern America
1Exploring American HistoryUnit VII Beginning
of Modern America
- Chapter 21 - The Progressive Spirit of Reform
- Section 3- The Rights of Women and Minorities
2 The Rights of Women and Minorities
- The Big Idea
- The Progressive movement made advances for the
rights of women and some minorities. - Main Ideas
- Women fought for temperance and the right to
vote. - African American reformers challenged
discrimination and called for equality. - Progressive reforms failed to benefit all
minorities.
3Main Idea 1 Women fought for temperance and
the right to vote.
- New educational opportunities drew more women
into the Progressive movement. - Denied access to such professions as law and
medicine, women entered fields such as social
work and education. - Womens clubs campaigned for many causes,
including temperance, womens suffrage, child
welfare, and political reform.
4Temperance
- Women reformers took up the cause of temperance
avoidance of alcohol consumption. - The Womans Christian Temperance Union campaigned
to restrict the sale of alcoholic beverages. - Radical temperance fighter Carry Nation stormed
saloons and smashed bottles with an axe in the
1890s. - Temperance efforts led to the Eighteenth
Amendment (1919), banning the production, sale,
and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
5Womens Christian Temperance Union WCTU
- founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874.
- Temperance may be defined asmoderation in all
things healthfultotal abstinence from all
things harmful - The main objective of the WCTU was to persuade
all states to prohibit the sale of alcoholic
beverages. - It supported temperance education in schools, as
well as, prison reform, womens suffrage and the
abolition of prostitution. - The WCTU's programs also promote good
citizenship, child welfare, world peace, child
abuse and equal justice for women and minority
groups.
Francis Willard
6Carrie Nation
- Standing at nearly 6 feet tall and weighing 180
pounds, Carry Amelia Moore Nation, Carrie Nation,
as she came to be known, cut an imposing figure. - Wielding a hatchet, she was downright frightful.
In 1900, the target of Nation's wrath was
alcoholic drink. - Nation, who described herself as "a bulldog
running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at
what he doesn't like," felt divinely ordained to
forcefully promote temperance. - A brief marriage to an alcoholic in the late
1800's fueled Nation's disdain for alcohol.
Kiowa, Kansas was the setting of Nation's first
outburst of destruction in the name of temperance
in 1900. - Between 1900 and 1910 she was arrested some 30
times after leading her followers in the
destruction of one water hole after another with
cries of "Smash, ladies, smash!"
7Suffrage 249 min.
8Womens Suffrage
- Women reformers fought for suffrage, or the right
to vote. - Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
founded the National American Woman Suffrage
Association (1890). - Alice Paul founded the more radical National
Womans Party (1913). - Used parades and public demonstrations,
picketing, and hunger strikes to spread their
message - Suffragists won the right to vote with the
Nineteenth Amendment (1919).
9Women Gain the Vote
- NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage
Association. - Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, renamed
National Womens Party (NWP)- strikes and
chaining themselves to railings. - 19th Amendment- 1920. Gave women full voting
rights.
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12Womens Suffrage Movement 317 min.
13Women 212 min.
14Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
- Recall Who was Carrie Nation?
- Identify What did political bosses fear about
women getting the right to vote? - Evaluate What evidence supports the idea that
temperance was a popular cause in the 1870s?
15Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
- Identify Name the four states that allowed
women to vote in the 1890s. - Sequence In what years were the two suffragist
organizations founded?
16Main Idea 2African American reformers
challenged discrimination and called for equality.
Booker T. Washington encouraged African Americans
to improve their educational and economic
well-being.
Ida B. Wells spoke out against discrimination and
drew attention to the lynching of African
Americans.
W. E. B. Du Bois attacked discrimination and
helped found the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People. They called for
economic and educational equality for African
Americans.
The National Urban League, founded in 1911,
helped African Americans moving from the South to
find jobs and housing.
17National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
- 1909 On February 12th The National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People
was founded by a multiracial group of activists,
who answered "The Call." They initially called
themselves the National Negro Committee.
Organized to end discrimination and to prevent
violence against blacks, especially lynching. - FOUNDERS
- Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry
Moscowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison
Villiard, William English Walling and led the
"Call" to renew the struggle for civil and
political liberty.
18N.A.A.C.P.
- The NAACP started its own magazine, Crisis in
November, 1910 - NAACP campaigned, especially in the Supreme Court
against lynching, segregation and racial
discrimination in housing, education, employment,
voting and transportation. - NAACP also fought for Womens Suffrage.
19Ida B. Wells-Barnett
- Born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862.
- Died in Chicago, Illinois 1931 at the age of
sixty-nine. - She had been a slave and after the death of her
parents to Yellow Fever she was left to raise her
brothers and sisters. She turned to teaching. - Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching
crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate,
journalist, and speaker. She stands as one of our
nation's most uncompromising leaders and most
ardent defenders of democracy. - When a respected black store owner and friend of
Barnett was lynched in 1892, Wells used her paper
to attack the evils of lynching and encouraged
the black townsmen of Memphis to go west.
20Before Rosa Parks
- In a famous incident , Ida defied the Plessy
v. Ferguson (1896) supreme court case. - It was in Memphis where she first began to
fight (literally) for racial and gender justice.
In 1884 she was asked by the conductor of the
Chesapeake Ohio Railroad Company to give up her
seat on the train to a white man and ordered her
into the smoking or "Jim Crow" car, which was
already crowded with other passengers. - I refused, saying that the forward car
closest to the locomotive was a smoker, and as
I was in the ladies' car, I proposed to stay. . .
The conductor tried to drag me out of the seat,
but the moment he caught hold of my arm I
fastened my teeth in the back of his hand. I had
braced my feet against the seat in front and was
holding to the back, and as he had already been
badly bitten he didn't try it again by himself.
He went forward and got the baggageman and
another man to help him and of course they
succeeded in dragging me out. - Wells was forcefully removed from the train and
the other passengers--all whites--applauded. When
Wells returned to Memphis, she immediately hired
an attorney to sue the railroad. She won her case
in the local circuit courts, but the railroad
company appealed to the Supreme Court of
Tennessee, and it reversed the lower court's
ruling.
21African Americans Challenge Discrimination
- Recall Name two issues which were often
overlooked by white reformers. - Explain What was the strategy of Booker T.
Washington to end racial discrimination? - Identify Which organization fought
discrimination in the courts?
22African Americans Challenge Discrimination
- Compare Which organizations helped African
Americans the way settlements houses helped new
immigrants? - Interpret How did grandfather clauses
discriminate against African Americans? - Evaluate What approach do you think was more
effective in fighting discrimination,
self-improvement or using the courts?
23Main Idea 3 Progressive reforms failed to
benefit all minorities.
- The Society of American Indians wanted Native
Americans to adopt the ways of white society, but
many of them resisted. - Chinese Americans formed their own groups to help
support their members, including neighborhood and
district associations, cultural groups, churches,
and temples. - Built San Franciscos Chinese hospital in 1925
- Immigration by Mexicans increased during this
period, and many worked in farming. - Progressive reforms did little to improve working
conditions for farm workers.
24Failures of Reform
- Explain Why did many Native Americans resist
adopting white culture? - Identify Cause and Effect What caused Chinese
immigrants to form their own communities? - Predict What are some of the possible ways
American life would have been affected if
progressive reforms had helped migrant farm
workers?