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Exploring American History Unit VII – Beginning of Modern America

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Exploring American History Unit VII Beginning of Modern America Chapter 21 - The Progressive Spirit of Reform Section 3- The Rights of Women and Minorities – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Exploring American History Unit VII – Beginning of Modern America


1
Exploring American HistoryUnit VII Beginning
of Modern America
  • Chapter 21 - The Progressive Spirit of Reform
  • Section 3- The Rights of Women and Minorities

2
The Rights of Women and Minorities
  • The Big Idea
  • The Progressive movement made advances for the
    rights of women and some minorities.
  • Main Ideas
  • Women fought for temperance and the right to
    vote.
  • African American reformers challenged
    discrimination and called for equality.
  • Progressive reforms failed to benefit all
    minorities.

3
Main Idea 1 Women fought for temperance and
the right to vote.
  • New educational opportunities drew more women
    into the Progressive movement.
  • Denied access to such professions as law and
    medicine, women entered fields such as social
    work and education.
  • Womens clubs campaigned for many causes,
    including temperance, womens suffrage, child
    welfare, and political reform.

4
Temperance
  • Women reformers took up the cause of temperance
    avoidance of alcohol consumption.
  • The Womans Christian Temperance Union campaigned
    to restrict the sale of alcoholic beverages.
  • Radical temperance fighter Carry Nation stormed
    saloons and smashed bottles with an axe in the
    1890s.
  • Temperance efforts led to the Eighteenth
    Amendment (1919), banning the production, sale,
    and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

5
Womens Christian Temperance Union WCTU
  • founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874.
  • Temperance may be defined asmoderation in all
    things healthfultotal abstinence from all
    things harmful
  • The main objective of the WCTU was to persuade
    all states to prohibit the sale of alcoholic
    beverages.
  • It supported temperance education in schools, as
    well as, prison reform, womens suffrage and the
    abolition of prostitution.
  • The WCTU's programs also promote good
    citizenship, child welfare, world peace, child
    abuse and equal justice for women and minority
    groups.

Francis Willard
6
Carrie Nation
  • Standing at nearly 6 feet tall and weighing 180
    pounds, Carry Amelia Moore Nation, Carrie Nation,
    as she came to be known, cut an imposing figure.
  • Wielding a hatchet, she was downright frightful.
    In 1900, the target of Nation's wrath was
    alcoholic drink.
  • Nation, who described herself as "a bulldog
    running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at
    what he doesn't like," felt divinely ordained to
    forcefully promote temperance.
  • A brief marriage to an alcoholic in the late
    1800's fueled Nation's disdain for alcohol.
    Kiowa, Kansas was the setting of Nation's first
    outburst of destruction in the name of temperance
    in 1900.
  • Between 1900 and 1910 she was arrested some 30
    times after leading her followers in the
    destruction of one water hole after another with
    cries of "Smash, ladies, smash!"

7
Suffrage 249 min.
8
Womens Suffrage
  • Women reformers fought for suffrage, or the right
    to vote.
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
    founded the National American Woman Suffrage
    Association (1890).
  • Alice Paul founded the more radical National
    Womans Party (1913).
  • Used parades and public demonstrations,
    picketing, and hunger strikes to spread their
    message
  • Suffragists won the right to vote with the
    Nineteenth Amendment (1919).

9
Women Gain the Vote
  • NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage
    Association.
  • Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, renamed
    National Womens Party (NWP)- strikes and
    chaining themselves to railings.
  • 19th Amendment- 1920. Gave women full voting
    rights.

10
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11
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12
Womens Suffrage Movement 317 min.
13
Women 212 min.
14
Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
  • Recall Who was Carrie Nation?
  • Identify What did political bosses fear about
    women getting the right to vote?
  • Evaluate What evidence supports the idea that
    temperance was a popular cause in the 1870s?

15
Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
  • Identify Name the four states that allowed
    women to vote in the 1890s.
  • Sequence In what years were the two suffragist
    organizations founded?

16
Main Idea 2African American reformers
challenged discrimination and called for equality.
Booker T. Washington encouraged African Americans
to improve their educational and economic
well-being.
Ida B. Wells spoke out against discrimination and
drew attention to the lynching of African
Americans.
W. E. B. Du Bois attacked discrimination and
helped found the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People. They called for
economic and educational equality for African
Americans.
The National Urban League, founded in 1911,
helped African Americans moving from the South to
find jobs and housing.
17
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
  • 1909 On February 12th The National
    Association for the Advancement of Colored People
    was founded by a multiracial group of activists,
    who answered "The Call." They initially called
    themselves the National Negro Committee.
    Organized to end discrimination and to prevent
    violence against blacks, especially lynching.
  • FOUNDERS
  • Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry
    Moscowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison
    Villiard, William English Walling and led the
    "Call" to renew the struggle for civil and
    political liberty.

18
N.A.A.C.P.
  • The NAACP started its own magazine, Crisis in
    November, 1910
  • NAACP campaigned, especially in the Supreme Court
    against lynching, segregation and racial
    discrimination in housing, education, employment,
    voting and transportation.
  • NAACP also fought for Womens Suffrage.

19
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
  • Born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862.
  • Died in Chicago, Illinois 1931 at the age of
    sixty-nine.
  • She had been a slave and after the death of her
    parents to Yellow Fever she was left to raise her
    brothers and sisters. She turned to teaching.
  • Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching
    crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate,
    journalist, and speaker. She stands as one of our
    nation's most uncompromising leaders and most
    ardent defenders of democracy.
  • When a respected black store owner and friend of
    Barnett was lynched in 1892, Wells used her paper
    to attack the evils of lynching and encouraged
    the black townsmen of Memphis to go west.

20
Before Rosa Parks
  • In a famous incident , Ida defied the Plessy
    v. Ferguson (1896) supreme court case.
  • It was in Memphis where she first began to
    fight (literally) for racial and gender justice.
    In 1884 she was asked by the conductor of the
    Chesapeake Ohio Railroad Company to give up her
    seat on the train to a white man and ordered her
    into the smoking or "Jim Crow" car, which was
    already crowded with other passengers.
  • I refused, saying that the forward car
    closest to the locomotive was a smoker, and as
    I was in the ladies' car, I proposed to stay. . .
    The conductor tried to drag me out of the seat,
    but the moment he caught hold of my arm I
    fastened my teeth in the back of his hand. I had
    braced my feet against the seat in front and was
    holding to the back, and as he had already been
    badly bitten he didn't try it again by himself.
    He went forward and got the baggageman and
    another man to help him and of course they
    succeeded in dragging me out.
  • Wells was forcefully removed from the train and
    the other passengers--all whites--applauded. When
    Wells returned to Memphis, she immediately hired
    an attorney to sue the railroad. She won her case
    in the local circuit courts, but the railroad
    company appealed to the Supreme Court of
    Tennessee, and it reversed the lower court's
    ruling.

21
African Americans Challenge Discrimination
  • Recall Name two issues which were often
    overlooked by white reformers.
  • Explain What was the strategy of Booker T.
    Washington to end racial discrimination?
  • Identify Which organization fought
    discrimination in the courts?

22
African Americans Challenge Discrimination
  • Compare Which organizations helped African
    Americans the way settlements houses helped new
    immigrants?
  • Interpret How did grandfather clauses
    discriminate against African Americans?
  • Evaluate What approach do you think was more
    effective in fighting discrimination,
    self-improvement or using the courts?

23
Main Idea 3 Progressive reforms failed to
benefit all minorities.
  • The Society of American Indians wanted Native
    Americans to adopt the ways of white society, but
    many of them resisted.
  • Chinese Americans formed their own groups to help
    support their members, including neighborhood and
    district associations, cultural groups, churches,
    and temples.
  • Built San Franciscos Chinese hospital in 1925
  • Immigration by Mexicans increased during this
    period, and many worked in farming.
  • Progressive reforms did little to improve working
    conditions for farm workers.

24
Failures of Reform
  • Explain Why did many Native Americans resist
    adopting white culture?
  • Identify Cause and Effect What caused Chinese
    immigrants to form their own communities?
  • Predict What are some of the possible ways
    American life would have been affected if
    progressive reforms had helped migrant farm
    workers?
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