review 2

1
review 2
2
American Demography Immigration

• Nascent Immigration
• The Slave Trade
  South
  Southwest
• Old Immigration
• New Immigration
• Newest Immigration
• Current Immigration

3
Some Basic Concepts
4
Some Basic Concepts
4 Key Questions

• What is the nature of inter-group relations in
  multiethnic societies?
• How are the various ethnic groups ranked and what
  are consequences of that ranking system?
• How does the dominant group maintain its place
  and how do subordinate groups attempt to change
  that?
• What are the long-range outcomes of ethnic
  inter-relations?

5
Some Basic Concepts
Ethnic Groups

• Unique cultural Traits
• Sense of Community
• Ethnocentrism
• Ascribed Membership
• Territoriality

6
Some Basic Concepts
Race

• As a Biological Notion
• As a Social Construct
• In the Ideology of Racism

7
Ethnic Stratification
Dominant Groups
Political, Economic, and Cultural
Dominance Middleman Minorities

• Minority Groups
• Differential Treatment
• Social Definition
• Differential Power
• Categorical Nature
• Sociological and Numerical Meanings

8
Ethnic Stratification
Forms of Contact

• Conquest
• Annexation
• Voluntary Immigration
• Involuntary Immigration

9
Prejudice and Discrimination

• Prejudice
  Stereotypes
  Social Distance
• Discrimination
  Individual
  Institutional Structural

10
Assimilation and Pluralism
Factors Affecting Assimilation

• Manner of Entrance
• Time of Entrance
• Demographic Factors
• Cultural Similarity
• Visibility

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Assimilation and Pluralism
Assimilation

• Cultural Assimilation
• Structural Assimilation
• Biological Assimilation
• Psychological Assimilation

12
Assimilation and Pluralism
Types of Pluralism

• Equalitarian Pluralism
  American Case
  Non-American Cases
• Inequalitarian Pluralism
  Competitive Race Relations
  Internal Colonialism
  Annihilation or Expulsion

13
Assimilation and Pluralism
Typology of Multiethnic Societies

• Colonial Societies
• Corporate Pluralistic Societies
• Assimilationist Societies

See Figure 4.1 and Table 4.2
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Hispanic-Americans
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Historical Context

• Manner of Entry and Racial Status
• Development
• Mexican-Americans
  conquest/annexation
  voluntary immigration-economic
  push-pull
• Puerto Ricans
  voluntary immigration-
  - economic
  push-pull and relative political ease
• Cubans
  involuntary
  immigration-early political push voluntary
  immigration-economic push-pull

16
Demographics Today

• Population-young, rapidly growing, continuing
  migration and high birth rate
• Geography
• Mexican-Americans-Southwest and dispersed
• Puerto Ricans-New York
• Cubans-Miami, Florida
• Others-the same major metropolitan areas

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Socioeconomic Status

• Income and Wealth
• Occupation
• Education
• Special Cuban Case-institutional completeness
• Outlook

18
Political Power

• Mexican-Americans
  increasingly influential
• Puerto Ricans
  limited extent
• Cubans
  dominant force
• Outlook

19
African-Americans
20
Demography Today

• Population-13 of America
• Diversity-involuntary and voluntary immigrants
• Geographical Patterns-urban
• Economic Status
• Occupation-5.2 unemployment vs 10.8
• Education-89 vs 80 and 30 vs 17
• Class or Race?
• Societal Power
• Political Power-mixed and very local
• Economic Power-less than political

21
Prejudice and Discrimination

• Formation of Ghettos-own preference or
  discrimination?
• Residential Segregation-dominative vs aversive?
• Changes in Racial Attitudes-surveys
• Stereotypes and Social Distance-racial liberalism
• Attitudes and Actions-ambivalence in action
• Contrasting Views
• of Socioeconomic Gap-own shortcomings or
  discrimination?
• of Problems and Solutions-mopping up or deeply
  rooted?

22
Assimilation or Pluralism

• Assimilation
• Cultural-reciprocal
• Structural-secondary only
• Assimilation Model-very slow, unstable
  family?
• Assimilation and Visibility
• Inequalitarian Pluralistic Model
• -internal colonial model

23
Asian-Americans
24
Immigration and Settlement

• First Wave
• Chinese
• Japanese
• Second Wave
• Koreans
• Filipinos
• Vietnamese
• Asian Indians
• Others
• Demographics Today

25
In the Class System

• Socioeconomic Status
• Income
• Occupation
• Education
• Ethnic and Class Factors in Upward Mobility
• Political Power

26
Prejudice and Discrimination

• The Yellow Peril
• Japanese Internment
• In the Modern Era
• vs other Minorities
• As Model Minority

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Native Americans
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Historical Context

• as immigrants
• as a conquered indigenous population
• displacement and depopulation
• American policy
  economic-land
  
  cultural-assimilation
  political-control
• Indian policy
  tribal survival
  (maintenance of relations and distinct cultural
  orders)
  political autonomy

29
Native American Demographics

• Population Growth
  Reservation Indians
  Urban Indians
• Socioeconomic Status
  Economic
  Education
  Health

30
Comparative Diversity

• Canada vs US

31
The Evolution of the English-French Schism

• The English Conquest
• Confederation
• The New French-Canadian Nationalism
• The Quiet Revolution
• The Rise of Parti Quebecois
• Sovereignty-Association
• Language
• French-Canadian Ethnic Identity

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Canadas Third Force

• Visible Minorities

Aboriginal Peoples
and
33
Stability and Change

• Melting Pot vs Mosaic
• Canadian Pluralism
• Multiculturalism
• Looking Beyond

34
Global Diversity
35
Shifting Patterns of Immigration

• Uneven Development
• Political Conflict
• Changes in Western Europe

36
The Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism

• Civic vs Ethnic Nationalism
• Breakup of Yugoslovia
• Corporate Pluralism under Tito
• Dissolution of Yugoslav Federation
• Contemporary Conflict
• Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
• The End of Ethnic Harmony
• Kosovo and the Expansion of the Yugoslav
  Conflict
• Exploitation of Ethnicity

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The Endurance of Ethnic Conflict

• Stimulants of Ethnic Conflict
• Inequalities in Power and Wealth
• Cultural Differences
• Physical Distinctions
• Status Inequality
• Containment of Ethnic Conflict