The Nervous System

1
The Nervous System

• Dont get nervous about the nervous system

2
Functions of the Nervous System

• 1. Communication and coordination
• Adapt and respond to changes from both inside and
  outside the body
• 2. Site of reasoning- your brain
• 3. Two main divisions
• Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal
  cord
• Peripheral nervous system- the nerves

3

• Neuron- basic structural unit of the nervous
  system
• Dendrites- carry impulses towards the cell
• Axon-carry impulses away from the cell
• Myelin sheath
• Synaptic terminal
• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Acetylcholine

4

• Nerves are made of many nerve cells
• Afferent-sensory nerves carry message to brain
• Efferent-motor neurons carry message from brain
  to muscle
• Associate- do both
• Heads up

5
(No Transcript)
6
Central nervous system

• Brain and spinal cord

7

• Cerebrum-largest part of brain. Responsible for
  reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation,
  etc.
• Divided into two halves.
• Further divided into lobes occipital, parietal,
  temporal and frontal

8

• Cerebellum-responsible for muscle coordination
• Brain stem- most basic functions respiration,
  swallowing, blood pressure. Lower part (medulla
  oblongata) is continuous with spinal cord

9

• Spinal cord- begins at foramen magnum and ends at
  second lumbar vertebrae
• Contains both afferent (to the brain) and
  efferent (motor neurons- away from the brain)

10

• Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by a
  membrane system called the meninges
• In addition, the brain has four hollow areas
  called ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is
  produced in the ventricles and baths the brain
  and spinal column

11
Peripheral nervous system

• Somatic system
• 12 pairs cranial nerves
• 31 pairs spinal nerves
• Autonomic
• Sympathetic
• Fight or flight
• Parasympathetic

12
Disorders of the nervous system

• Meningitis- inflammation of the linings of the
  brain and spinal cord
• Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain
• Epilepsy-seizure disorder. Excessive discharge
  from neurons. 1 in 200 suffer. Grand mal or petit
  mal seizures
• Cerebral palsy- disturbance in voluntary muscular
  action
• Parkinsons decreased neurotransmitter
• MS multiple sclerosis- autoimmune