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Sustainable Development and Economic Development: Partners for the Future

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Sustainable Development and Economic Development: Partners for the Future Dr. Cynthia P. Schneider Lelystad October 26, 2001 Post September 11th How to discuss ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sustainable Development and Economic Development: Partners for the Future


1
Sustainable Development and Economic
Development Partners for the Future
  • Dr. Cynthia P. Schneider
  • Lelystad
  • October 26, 2001

2
Post September 11th
  • How to discuss subjects such as sustainable
    development?
  • Are there not other more pressing needs?
  • What is the relevance of todays topic, the
    symbiotic relationship between sustainable
    development and economic development, to the
    horrendous events of September 11th?

3
What is sustainable?
  • Americas patriotism and spirit
  • Americas faith in democracy, freedom and human
    rights
  • Americas alliance with Europe, our essential
    partner
  • Americas broad-based, global alliance against
    terrorism

4
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6
What Is Not Sustainable
  • Terrorist networks with the capacity to commit
    horrendous acts such as the attacks of September
    11th
  • The repression of regimes such as the Taliban
    and
  • The widening gulf between rich and poor, educated
    and UN-educated

7
Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor
  • 500 companies control 42 of the worlds wealth
  • Turnover of the 10 largest companies exceeds the
    combined GOP of the 100 smallest countries
  • Out of the worlds 6 billion people, 4 billion
    live on less than 1500 per year
  • 1 billion live on 1.00 per day or less

8
Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor
  • Shell Oil alone controls 160m hectares of land
    --146 countries in the world cover a smaller area
  • Ten companies effectively control worlds food
    chain
  • Over two billion children go to bed hungry every
    night
  • Over 14 million children suffer eye damage as a
    result of vitamin A deficiency

9
Critical Factors for Economic and Societal Growth
  • YES
  • Education for all
  • Democratic systems
  • Good governance
  • Open markets
  • openness to and investment in innovation and new
    technologies
  • NO
  • Abundant natural resources
  • Distinguished history
  • Wealthy upper class
  • Keeping the trains running on time --totalitarian
    governments

10
Examples
  • YES
  • Singapore
  • Taiwan
  • South Korea
  • Japan
  • Silicon Valley
  • NO
  • Iraq
  • Cambodia
  • Russia
  • Brunei
  • Mexico

11
Growth in Todays World
  • TRUE
  • Knowledge creation is the single most important
    factor
  • Good, widespread education system is the best raw
    material
  • open, democratic system the best environment
  • FALSE
  • Creating material products, not knowledge,
    succeeds
  • Cheap, unlimited supplies of hydrocarbons and
    other non-renewable resources will always be
    available
  • Unlimited capacity for earths ecosystems to
    absorb waste and emissions

12
Example of Knowledge, not Resource, Created
Economic Growth
  • The tulip industry in the Netherlands
  • High standards, horticultural knowledge, good
    infrastructure, efficient production and
    transportation, reliability all outweigh factors
    such as land, cheap labor, sun, and warmth that
    other countries have in abundance

13
How to Achieve Growth for All?
  • Do we not want to share the benefits of
    globalization, and to increase opportunities for
    those who have not partaken of the digital/life
    science/high tech pie?
  • For all 6 billion people on earth to live at same
    levels of consumption as Americans would require
    3 planet earths for source material, energy
    creation, and waste disposal.

14
Old Growth/New Growth
  • Growth and development at all costs
  • use of natural resources through exploration,
    colonialism and industrialization
  • Growth and development through knowledge building
  • triple bottom line
  • shareholder value but also corporate
    responsibility

15
The Challenge of Sustainable Development
  • Chad Halliday, Chairman and CEO of DuPont and
    Chair of the World Business Council for
    Sustainable Development, How do we provide a
    strong return for our shareholders, grow our
    businesses, and meet the human needs of societies
    around the world, while at the same time reducing
    our environmental footprint?

16
Old Paradigm/New Paradigm
  • The best development is no development
  • To protect the environment must stop or slow
    development and consumption
  • Protecting the environment is not cost-effective
    for business
  • Responsible development linked to knowledge
    building
  • And capacity building
  • Requires good governance

17
New Technologies
  • Can preserve environment and re-vitalize economy
  • Can empower, sustain, and liberate, rather than
    exclude, erode, and restrain (Carly Fiorina,
    CEO, Hewlett Packard, September 26, 2001)
  • Can and should be sensitive and responsive to
    local needs and market conditions
  • Can be transferred to the developing world

18
Examples Plant Biotechnology
  • helps to resolve critical need to reduce land and
    water use by increasing plant productivity
  • insect resistant cotton - in US increased 260
    million pounds per year, with 2.7 million pounds
    less of pesticide
  • development of new strain of virus resistant
    papaya saved papaya industry in Hawaii
  • virus resistant raspberry (Oregon/Washington)
    could save up to 10 million pounds per year, add
    11 million of production value and reduce
    fumigant use by 50

19
Biotechnology and Developing World
  • Can increase plant tolerance of pests and
    stressful conditions (40 of plant production in
    Asia and Africa lost to pests and pathogens)
  • Can reinforce staple food with essential vitamins
  • Can eliminate parasites that afflict domestic
    animals, enabling families to achieve sustenance
    (TIGR/ILRI research)

20
Biotechnology Issues
  • Transfer of knowledge, intellectual property
  • Who will pay?
  • Who will sacrifice?
  • Responsibility of public sector/private sector?
  • Who will take responsibility for ensuring
    sustainable development in third world?

21
Kofi Annan and the UN Global Compact
  • ..lets choose to unite the powers of markets
    with the authority of universal ideals. Let us
    choose to reconcile the creative forces of
    private entrepreneurship with the needs of the
    disadvantaged and the requirements of the next
    generations.. Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General

22
But isnt business in the business of business..
  • Sustainability NOT a zero sum game in which
    developed world must lower its standard of living
    so that developing world may rise
  • Market forces can be used to achieve
    sustainability, not the opposite
  • Requires new, creative models, tailored to needs
    of local population

23
Yes, but...
  • In the long run bringing market forces to bear on
    problems of developing world will create a larger
    customer base
  • Will also create knowledge and opportunity
  • opportunity to share benefits of our knowledge of
    clean energy, i.e. wind and solar powered energy

24
Renewable Energy Sources
  • Wind and solar - Siemens Solar GmbH and Shell
    Renewables to cooperate
  • Shell Renewables also has RD in hydrogen and
    fuel cells
  • AES -- electricity produced through clean coal
    and natural gas. Has brought affordable energy
    to many remote areas of Pakistan, India, and
    China, and changed lives in process.

25
Renewable Energy
  • Solar Energy --model project Taquile Island, Peru
  • Dutch supported
  • Island villagers bought 72 solar systems and then
    bought more with their earnings.
  • Solar energy systems enabled them to sell more
    goods and to expand tourism because the hotel was
    lit. This, in turn, provided opportunities and
    incentive for the youth to stay on island.

26
Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility
  • Europe, in general, and the Netherlands, in
    particular, ahead of the US in integrating
    sustainability into corporate vales
  • Examples -- Ahold Earth and Values program,
    sustainable coffee, GAP (good agricultural
    practices).
  • Novartis Eco-efficiency -- producing more with
    less, benefits shareholders and environment.

27
But the U.S. is Catching On
  • Companies such as Dupont, Hewlett Packard, AES,
    Chevron, Nike, Sara Lee, and many others
    recognize the imperative as well as long term
    value of sustainability
  • Governmental programs such as Energy Star have
    encouraged sustainability in many sectors
  • Initial signals from administration were
    misleading

28
Climate Change
  • In US private sector set higher goals than
    government.
  • Shell goal to reduce greenhouse gases from 1990
    by more than 10 in 2002 (Kyoto target 5.2 by
    2008-12).
  • Dupont 1)reduce emissions of greenhouse gas by
    45 from 1990-2000
  • 2) source 10 total global energy needs from
    renewables 25 from non-depletables.

29
Climate Change
  • Additional ways attack the problem
  • AES -- reduces methane emissions by improving
    livestock feeding and digestion for small scale
    farmers, using technologies readily available in
    US
  • Technology transfer of this feed substance to
    developing world
  • Methane reduction is critical piece of puzzle
    (has global warming potential of 21 times carbon
    dioxide).

30
Can Corporations Effectively Preach Sustainable
Development
  • They have the power and influence
  • Of the 100 largest economies in the world, 51 are
    corporations
  • The Top 200 Corporations combined sales are
    bigger than the combined economies of all
    countries minus the biggest 10
  • General Motors, the worlds biggest corporation,
    ranks 23rd in the world economy, ahead of
    Denmark, Poland and Saudi Arabia.

31
But Who Has Credibility ?
  • NGOs trusted nearly two to one to do what is
    right as compared to governments, media or
    corporations.
  • NGOs such as Amnesty International, Greenpeace
    and World Wildlife Fund have more credibility
    than Ford, Microsoft or Nike.
  • Of US respondents to November 1999 survey
  • 80 view Greenpeace and 78 view Amnesty
    International as highly effective
  • only 11 saw governments or companies as making
    the world a better place

32
Growing Strength of NGOs
  • A 1 trillion big nonprofit sector
  • If viewed as a nation, NGOs would rank 8th in
    economic power
  • NGOs distribute more aid than the World Bank
  • Employ over 7 of U.S. workforce
  • Distribute 30 of U.S. aid

33
New Paradigm
  • of the environmentally responsible and
    technologically advanced, knowledge based
    corporation.
  • of making the markets work for sustainability.
  • of creating new markets and building capacity in
    the developing world, in partnership with public
    sector.

34
Leadership in Flevoland
  • Opportunity for model development together with
    sustainability
  • Flevoland already exploring innovative means to
    preserve fishing industry in sustainable way
  • Center for biotechnology research
  • From Urk to Lelystad, potential for economic and
    sustainable growth

35
Leadership
  • After September 11, we all are Americans
  • I Love New York More than Ever T-shirt
  • Corporate leaders, now more than ever before,
    have a responsibility to redefine the role of the
    corporation on a world stage and to leverage our
    ability to impact individuals, companies,
    communities, nations-- for the better. (Carly
    Fiorina, CEO HP, September 26, 2001).

36
The Sustainable Future
  • Dr. Martin Luther King spoke of the need for
    America, the richest and the most powerful
    nation in the world, to lead the way in this
    revolution of values..to shift from a
    thing-oriented society to a person-oriented
    society.
  • In the knowledge-based economy, it is our
    obligation to redeem the dream of our Founding
    Fathers and extend it throughout the globe.
  • Only when there is opportunity for each person to
    live up to his or her potential will we have a
    global sustainable future.
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