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INDIAN WILDLIFE
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INDIAN WILDLIFE
ASIATIC LION

• India is home to a rich diversity of wildlife
  supplemented by an equally rich variety of flora
  and fauna. The sight and sounds of a majestic
  elephant, a peacocks dance, the stride of a
  camel, the roar of a tiger are unparalleled
  experiences in themselves. Watching birds and
  animals in their natural habitats is an
  experience in itself. There are about 17500 of
  flowering plants from India. The Indian Forest
  Act, 1927 helped to improve protection of the
  natural habitat.

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The Himalayan Sub-Region
THE HIMALAYAS

• The species in the high Himalayas show strong
  affinities with palaeartic region as some of the
  animals are found both in the oriental region as
  well as palaeartic region indicating the
  possibility of their migration from the other
  side of India. The region has accordingly been
  divided into three sub zones 
• The forested area (Himalayan foot hills) of the
  Himalayas from Assam to the Eastern part of
  Kashmir.
• The higher altitude of the western Himalayas from
  Kashmir including Ladakh to the hills.
• The Eastern Himalayan sub-region.

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The forested Area of Himalayas (Himalayan
Foothills)
INDIAN RHINOCEROS

• The area covers, bhabar, tarai and siwalik ranges
  in the south. The area is covered with tropical
  forests. The dominant species is sal. The area is
  characterized by tall grassy meadows with
  adjoining river-beds and river rain forests of
  khair and sisoo. This is an area of big mammals.
  The elephant, sambar, swamp deer, cheetel, hog
  deer, barking deer, wild boar, tiger, panther,
  wild dog, black and sloth bear are found in this
  area. Hyena, and jackal are scavengers. The great
  Indian one horned  rhinoceros, which is
  considered a rare species is found in Assam.
  Other large bovid, wild buffalo shares its
  habitat with rhinoceros. Wild buffalo is also an
  endangered species . The brow-antlered deer, the
  dancing deer, which is one of the most threatened
  deer in the world is found in Manipur. The
  Gangetic gharial exists in the Himalayan
  tributaries. Bispid hare and pigmy hog which are
  on the verge of extinction and golden langur are
  found in Manas National Park in Assam.

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The high altitude sub-region of Western Himalayas
HANGUL

• The animals found in the high altitude region
  are, wild ass, wild goats, sheep and yak. The
  species of wild goat are thar, markhor and ibex.
  Thar roams in coniferous forests. Markhor which
  is considered to be the finest goat is found
  above the tree-line. A very agile goat with rich
  fur, it climbs the tree to browse its leaves. The
  Ibex live above the tree-line and below the
  snowline. The three species of wild sheep found
  here are nayan, bharal and oriel. These sheep
  feed on the Alpine meadows and grassy mountain
  slopes. The antelopes found are chiru and Tibetan
  gazelle.
• Hangul or Kashmir's stag, shou and musk-deer, are
  the members of the deer family is in this zone.
  These rare deer require special attention for
  their protection. The small animals of the Zone
  are marmot, mouse hare and flying squirrel. Among
  mammals of the Zone is snow-leopard, the most
  beautiful animal hunted for its attractive skin.
  Wolf, fox, black and brown bear, palas, cats are
  other predators. A large number of pheasants,
  snow partridges, snow cocks, golden eagle are the
  birds of this sub-region. 

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The Eastern Himalayan Sub Zone
RED PANDA

• The Eastern Himalayan region differs from the
  western region. There is high rainfall and less
  snowfall confined to high altitude. The
  vegetation in this zone consist of oak, birches,
  magnolias, pine, fir, yew, rhododendron dwarf,
  bamboo and moss and fem. The typical species of
  the zone characterized by Indo-Chinese fauna are
  red pandas, badgers, porcupines, ferrests etc.
  The goats found in this area are serow goral and
  takin.
• The National Park falling in this zone is
  Khangchandonga, National Park in Sikkim and Neora
  Valley and Singlila National Park in West Bengal.

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The Tropical Rain Forest Sub-Region
The Tropical Rain Forest Sub-Region

• This sub-region comprises Arunachal Pradesh,
  Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Western
  ghats, West Bengal
• and Andaman and Nicobar Islands which receive
  heavy rainfall. These areas are covered with
  evergreen forests. These forests have  three
  storeyed vegetation. The upper storey consisting
  of tall and magnetic trees forms the top canopy
  receiving most of the sunlight. Trees of lesser
  height form the middle storey. They prefer shade
  and require less height.  The thick, dense and
  rich environment is capable of providing food and
  shelter to a host of animals of all kinds-the
  ground dwellers as well as tree dwellers. In the
  south Nilgiris, Annamalai, Palani hills and other
  south Indian ranges have extensive grass land
  dotted with patches of dense evergreen forests.
  These grasslands are known as sholas. They
  provides shelter to elephants, gaur and other
  large animals. Himalayan animals such as tahr,
  pine marten and European Otter, live here. The
  Vegetation and animals of the region show
  affinity height with high altitude forests of
  Assam.

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• The other species found in this region are
  Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri brown mongoose,
  stripe-necked mongoose, lion-tailed macaque,
  slender toris, malabar civet and spring mouse. In
  north eastern part, hoolock gibbon and golden
  langur are found. Binturong, red-pandas, slow
  lories are the characteristics of this part.
  Giant squirrel, civets and bats also dwell in
  these tropical rain forests.

GOLDEN LANGUR
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• The forests of Andaman and Nicobar islands come
  under the equatorial belt of tropical rain
  forests. Due to their separation from the main
  land, most of the islands are free from human
  settlement. They carry one of the most beautiful
  forest in the world. There are about 200 species
  of trees of which Padauk, Gurjain, silver-gray
  etc are prominent. Some of the endemic species of
  the islands are wild pig, norcondum, hornbill,
  Nicobar-megapode, Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon,
  white bellied sea eagle, Andaman Cat snake,
  Nicobar legless snake etc. There are 16 species
  of bats and 13 species of rats. Constituting
  nearly 3/4th of the total numbers of mammals. The
  representative of ungulates, squirrels,
  carnivores and larger mammals are absent. Deer
  species were introduced in the Island during
  1920s. All of them except Sambar have survived
  civet was also introduced which has multiplied to
  dangerous proportion. The fauna now found are
  macaque, palm civet, spotted deer, barking deer,
  hog deer, dugong etc. The marine life consist of
  crocodile, turtle, coconut-crabs, water monitor,
  green lizard and 40 species of snakes including
  cobra, viper, coral and sea snakes and pythons. 

PYTHON
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• The highest number of tigers are found in
  mangrove forest which are found in Sunderbans
  delta formed by the estuaries of Ganga and the
  Brahmaputra. The animal besides tiger are spotted
  deer, pigs, rhesus, monkey, lizard, water
  monitor, crocodile, crabs and fish . The fish-the
  mud skipper-can climbs trees. Weaver ants found
  here make their nest in the trees. The tiger here
  is the most interesting animal which swims in the
  creeks, preys on fish and crabs besides spotted
  deer and wild boar. The tigers here have the
  propensity of killing human beings. 

THE MUD-SKIPPER
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The Indian Peninsular Sub-Region

• This sub-region comprises the area from the base
  of Himalayas to Kanyakumari but excludes the
  Malabar coast. This is the true home of Indian
  fauna. The whole sub region can be divided into
  two broad zones.
• 1) The desert region of Rajasthan lying on the
  west of the Aravali ranges and east of the Indus
  Valley also known as Thar, connected with salt
  flats of Little Rann of Kutch and
• 2) the tropical deciduous wood lands covering
  peninsular India extending to the drainage basin
  of the Ganges river system.

The Indian Peninsular Sub-Region
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THE DESERT CAT

• The desert area of this sub-region consist of dry
  tropical, dry mixed deciduous, thorn forests,
  scrub forests and dry Savanna forests. The desert
  trees are thorny with reduced leaf surface Cacti
  and Succulents are the plant species in the
  desert area. The animals have also developed
  adaptations to face the scarcity of water and
  severity of high temperature.
• The fauna found in this area are Asiatic
  wild-ass, blackbuck, desert cat, Caracal, desert
  fox, snakes, lizards and tortoises.

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• The peninsular India has a variety of wild
  animals such as elephant, muntjak, sambar, wild
  boar, guar, chettal, hog deer, swamp deer or
  barasingha, nilgai, blackbuck, wild dog, tiger,
  leopard, lion, hyena, jackal, jungle cat, common
  mongoose, wolf, squirrel, hare etc. The spotted
  deer, nilgai, blackbuck, four-horned antelope
  (chausingha) and sloth bear found in the
  triangular land bounded by the Vindhyas in the
  north and the western and eastern ghats on the
  other two sides, constitute the true Indian fauna
  which are not found anywhere else outside India.

NILGAI
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PROTECTED AREA NETWORK IN INDIA
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WILDLIFE PROTECTION

• The country offers immense opportunities for
  wildlife tourism. The immense heritage of
  wildlife in India comprises of more than 70
  national parks and about 400 wildlife sanctuaries
  including the bird sanctuaries. The Indian
  government has established 14 Biosphere Reserves
  of India which protect larger areas of natural
  habitat and often include one or more National
  Parks and/or preserves.

ROYAL BENGAL TIGER
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ASIATIC ELEPHANT

• A paradise for the nature lovers, these forest
  areas are also crucial for the conversation of
  the endangered species like the Leopard, Lion,
  Asiatic Elephant, the Bengal tiger and Siberian
  Crane. Spread across the length and breadth of
  India, these reserves and forest areas, right
  from the Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan
  to the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary in Bihar,
  from the foothills of Himalayas, the Jim Corbett
  National Park to six national parks in Andaman
  the Indian Wildlife circuit is an Incredible
  treat, unmatched by any other experience.

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• Indian wildlife has its share of native birds
  along with the migratory birds. Several hundred
  species of birds can be spotted across India. The
  Himalayan region is well known to be the natural
  habitat for the Pheasant, griffon vulture and
  ravens.

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WILDLIFE SANCTUARIESANDNATIONAL PARKS
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FAMOUS NATIONAL PARKS IN-

• NORTH INDIA
• EAST INDIA
• WEST INDIA
• CENTRAL INDIA
• SOUTH INDIA

CLICK ON THE REGION YOU WANT TO EXPLORE.
TO THE END
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NORTH INDIA

• Keoladeo Ghana or Bharatpur National Park
  Rajasthan
• Corbett National Park Uttaranchal
• Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan

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CLICK ON THE NAMES OF THESE FAMOUS NATIONAL
PARKS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THEM..
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Keoladeo Ghana National Park

• Keoladeo Ghana National Park, one of the most
  spectacular bird sanctuaries in India, nesting
  indigenous water- birds as well as migratory
  water birds and waterside birds. Sambar, chital,
  nilgai and boar also inhabit it. More than 300
  species of birds are found in this small park of
  29 sq. km. of which 11 sq. km. are marshes and
  the rest scrubland and grassland. Keoladeo, the
  name derives from an ancient Hindu temple,
  devoted to Lord Shiva, which stands at the centre
  of the park. 'Ghana' means dense, referring to
  the thick forest, which used to cover the area.
  While many of India's parks have been developed
  from the hunting preserves of princely India,
  Keoladeo Ghana is perhaps the only case where the
  habitat has been created by a maharaja.

BACK TO NORTH INDIA
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Corbett National Park Uttaranchal

• It is India's first ever national park. The park
  was established in 1936 as the Hailey National
  Park, following the advice of the
  hunter-naturalist Jim Corbett. The park covered
  520 sq.kilometres in 1986, and a proposed
  extension of 588 sq. kilometers is under
  consideration. Project Tiger, which was set up
  with the help of the World Wildlife Fund, was
  launched at Dhikala, in the Corbett National Park
  on April 1, 1973. This project was aimed at
  saving the Indian tiger from extinction. Over 50
  mammals, 580 birds and 25 reptile species have
  been listed in the Corbett National Park. The
  insect life is also astounding, noticeably
  specially after the monsoons.

BACK TO NORTH INDIA
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Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan

• Ranthambore National Park is an outstanding
  example of Project Tiger's efforts at
  conservation in the country. The forests around
  the Ranthambore Fort were once, the private
  hunting grounds of the Maharajas of Jaipur. The
  desire to preserve the game in these forests for
  sport, was responsible for their conservation,
  and subsequent rescue by Project Tiger. The entry
  point to the Park, goes straight to the foot of
  the fort and the forest rest house, Jogi Mahal.
  The latter boasts of the second-largest banyan
  tree in India. As a result of stringent efforts
  in conservation, tigers, the prime assets of the
  Park, have become more and more active during the
  day.

BACK TO NORTH INDIA
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EAST INDIA

• Sunderban National Park Calcutta - West Bengal
• Chilika Lake South West of Puri - Orissa
• Manas National Park Guwahati - Assam
• Kaziranga National Park East Of Guwahati - Assam

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SUNDERBANS NATIONAL PARK

• Located in the Ganga delta in West Bengal,
  spanning the Hooghly in the west and Teulia river
  in the east, Sunderbans was declared a National
  Park in 1984. The park covers a vast stretch of
  mangrove swamp, lush forested islands and small
  rivers near the Bay of Bengal. Sunderbans is home
  to the magnificent Royal Bengal tiger. Crocodiles
  and the gangetic dolphin are to be found aplenty
  in the Raimgangal river. The Sajnakhali
  sanctuary, famous for its rich avian population,
  is regarded as a part of the Sunderbans National
  Park.

BACK TO EAST INDIA
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Chilika Lake South West of Puri - Orissa

• Chilika Lake situated southwest of Puri a
  distance of 100 km from Bhubaneshwar. It attracts
  a large number of migratory birds, like the
  flamingo, teal, bar headed goose, shoveller and
  white - bellied sea eagle. One can enjoy boating,
  fishing with 150 variety of fishes. Bird lovers
  can enjoy by visiting here in winter because
  migratory populations wing in from places as far
  as Siberia. Chilika is easily accessible from
  both Bhubaneshwar and Puri.Prominent fauna is
  Flamingo, teal, bar headed goose, shoveller and
  white - bellied sea eagle and Gangetic dolphins.

BACK TO EAST INDIA
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Manas National Park Guwahati - Assam

• Manas is situated in Assam spread over an area of
  391 sq km, earlier it was known as North Kamrup,
  declared as a sanctuary on December 01, 1928. It
  was accorded the status of World Heritage Site in
  1985. Manas houses 19 of India's most endangered
  animal populations. It has the largest population
  of tigers among Indian reserves. It is a home to
  the rare golden langur . The prominent fauna here
  are the rhino, wild buffalos, elephants, gaur,
  swamp deer, capped langur and clouded leopard. .
  The main highlight of the park is the giant
  hornbill, two subspecies of which, the pied and
  grey varieties are to be found here. Butterflies
  and reptiles are also found aplenty in Manas.

BACK TO EAST INDIA
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Kaziranga National Park Assam

• The Park was first established in 1908, as a
  reserve forest with only about a dozen rhinos and
  was declared a National Park in 1974. Kaziranga
  is famous for the great One-Horned Rhinos.
  Tigers, which are natural enemies of rhinos, are
  also there in sizable numbers in this area. Other
  attractions of this national park include the
  wild buffalo, magnificent swamp deer, hog deer,
  wild boar, , capped langur (badger). A wide
  variety of snakes including the rock python and
  the monitor lizards also found here. Many birds
  like pelican, teal etc. are found.

BACK TO EAST INDIA
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WEST INDIA

• THE MOST FAMOUS WILDLIFE PROTECTION AREA IN THE
  WEST IS-
• GIR NATIONAL PARK

BACK
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Gir National Park Sanctuary Gujarat

• The Gir wildlife sanctuary and national park,
  collectively referred to as the Gir Protected
  Area (PA), is located in the Saurashtra peninsula
  of Gujarat in western India. The Gir national
  park is a heaven to about 300 Asiatic lions. The
  Lion, Panther Leo, inhabits the forest of Gir in
  the Saurashtra peninsula, attracting sixty
  thousand visitors to this sanctuary of Gujarat
  every year. Gir today is the only place in the
  world, outside Africa, where the lion can be seen
  in its natural habitat.

TO CENTRAL INDIA
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CENTRAL INDIA

• THE MOST FAMOUS WILDLIFE PROTECTION AREA IN THE
  WEST IS-
• KANHA NATIONAL PARK

BACK
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CENTRAL INDIAKanha Madhya Pradesh

• The Kanha National Park, in Madhya Pradesh, forms
  the core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve created in
  1974, under Project Tiger. Stretching over 940sq
  km, the vegetation, chiefly made of Sal and
  bamboo forests, grasslands and streams, this park
  is the sole habitat of the rare hard ground
  barasingha. Kanha boasts of about 22 species of
  mammals. Some of the inhabitants of this park are
  the gaur, the largest of the world's cattle The
  Sambar, The Largest Indian Deer And The
  Chausingha, The Only Four-Horned Antelope in the
  world. Some 200 species of birds inhabit the
  park that includes the Cattle Egret, Black Ibis
  etc. But for all the astonishing diversity in its
  wildlife population, Kanha is best known as the
  habitat of the Tiger. Sighting and photographing
  this magnificent animal from Elephant back, is an
  unforgettable experience

TO SOUTH INDIA
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SOUTH INDIA

• Periyar / Thekkady Wildlife Sanctuary Kerala
• Silent Valley National Park Kerala

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Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Kerala

• Between Trivandrum and Munnar is Thekkady, the
  home of one of India's oldest and best-known
  wildlife sanctuaries. remains largely undisturbed
  by visitors who must observe it from special
  boats which glide across the surface of the lake.
  although the stars of the sanctuary are the
  families of wild elephants that often gather near
  the water's edge, other inhabitants include
  bears, sambhar, bison and spotted deer, as well
  as many screeching monkeys. The sanctuary was one
  of the first to come under the centeral
  goverment's successful Project Tiger. The bird
  life is rich and varied and Periyar attracts
  dedicated bird- watching enthusiasts.

BACK TO SOUTH INDIA
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Silent Valley National Park Kerala

• The Park is the house to the elephants, tigers,
  wild dog, flying squirrel and lioned tailed
  macaque. The river Kuntipuzha flows through the
  valley and make it a beautiful place to see.
  Admission to the park is restricted. The park has
  a huge variety of wildlife, with over a 100
  species of Butterflies and 400 species of Moths
  and other animals like the Ceylon Frog Moth,
  Great Indian Hornbill, the Nilgiri Laughing
  Thrush and the Lion-Tailed Macaque. The park has
  around 26 species of mammals and 120 species of
  avifauna, many of them considered endangered.
  Apart from these, there are 11 species of snakes,
  19 species of amphibians, and nine species of
  Lizards in the park. The Silent Valley has over
  110 plant species of medicinal value, and seven
  new plant species have been discovered here.

BACK TO SOUTH INDIA
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THE END

• butremember
• Nature has always helped in flourishing the
  mankind. But this isn't about what nature gives
  to you, its what you, as a human being give back
  in return. Are you concerned about nature? Does
  saving the endangered species and taking
  necessary actions for those who are on the brink
  of extinction means something to you? Then lets
  join hands to save mother Earth!!!

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• The most beautiful gift that God has given to
  nature are the wild creatures, they embellish
  the natural beauty by their unique way of
  existence. But due the growing impact of
  deforestation, few concerned animal lovers are
  making continuous efforts to save the endangered
  species as well as those who are on the verge of
  extinction and save the world from loosing its
  green heritage.
• SO WE ALL SHOULD ALL HELP THEM AND SAVE THE GODS
  WONDERFUL CREATIONS..BECAUSE EVERY SINGLE PERSON
  MAKES A DIFFERENCE.

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BY-

• MANI MAKKAR
• ST. MARKS SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL
• NEW DELHI
• INDIA