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INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS

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Title: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS


1
INTRODUCTION TOANIMALS
  • Chapter 34

2
Animal Basics
  • 4 Defining Characteristics
  • Morphology (animal bodies)
  • Invertebrates versus vertebrates

3
  • 4 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
  • 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls)
  • 2. heterotrophic
  • 3. sexual reproduction and development
  • 4. movement

4
Morphology
  • Symmetry
  • Radial
  • Bilateral
  • Germ Layers
  • Endo, meso and ectoderm
  • Body Cavities
  • aka Coelem

5
Morphology (continued)
  • A closer look at bilateral body symmetry
  • Anatomy terms

6
Morphology (continued)
  • Cephalization concentration of sensory and
    brain structures in anterior region

7
Morphology (continued)
  • A loser look at germ layers and body cavities
  • Animals are either
  • Acoelomates no body cavity
  • Pseudocoelomates false body cavity
  • Coelomates true body cavity

8
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9
INVERTEBRATES
  • Animals without Backbones

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10
REVIEW ANIMALS
  • CHARACTERISTICS
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.

11
REVIEW ANIMALS
  • CHARACTERISTICS
  • 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls)
  • 2. heterotrophic
  • 3. sexual reproduction and development
  • 4. movement

12
PORIFERA
  • Phylum of _____________
  • Digestion, circulation, excretion, and
  • gas exchange by ___________________
  • Body support by ____________
  • No tissues
  • Sexual and asexual
  • reproduction
  • May have evolved from colonial
  • protists

13
PORIFERA
  • Phylum of sponges
  • Digestion, circulation, excretion, and
  • gas exchange by amebocytes
  • Body support by spongin
  • No tissues
  • Sexual and asexual
  • reproduction
  • May have evolved from colonial
  • protists

14
CNIDARIANS
  • Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans
  • Polyp and medusa body forms
  • __________ symmetry
  • Tentacles with _________cells
  • ____________cavity with one
  • opening for digestion
  • Simple ________ ___ in the outer epidermis to
    sense the environment
  • Asexual reproduction by ________and sexual
    reproduction

15
CNIDARIANS
  • Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans
  • Polyp and medusa body forms
  • Radial symmetry
  • Tentacles with stinging cells
  • Gastrovascular cavity with one
  • opening for digestion
  • Simple nerve net in the outer epidermis to sense
    the environment
  • Asexual reproduction by budding and sexual
    reproduction

16
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17
PLATYHELMINTHES
  • Flatworms planarian, tapeworm, and flukes
  • _____________ symmetry
  • _______________ cavity with 1 opening
  • True muscle tissue
  • Ganglia and ____________ nerve cords
  • Asexual fragmentation and
  • _____________ and sexual reproduction
  • Gas exchange by _______ through body wall
  • Acoelomate

18
PLATYHELMINTHES
  • Flatworms planarian, tapeworm, and flukes
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
  • True muscle tissue
  • Ganglia and ventral nerve cords
  • Asexual fragmentation and
  • regeneration and sexual reproduction
  • Gas exchange by diffusion through body wall
  • Acoelomate

19
NEMATODA
  • Roundworms hookworm, pinworm,
  • heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil
  • nematodes
  • ________ digestive tract with mouth
  • and anus
  • ________________ which transports
  • nutrients
  • Gas exchange through _______ body
  • wall
  • Sexual reproduction

20
NEMATODA
  • Roundworms hookworm, pinworm,
  • heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil
  • nematodes
  • Complete digestive tract with mouth
  • and anus
  • Pseudocoelom which transports
  • nutrients
  • Gas exchange through moist body
  • wall
  • Sexual reproduction

21
ANNELIDA
  • ______________ worms earthworm, sandworm, and
  • leech
  • Coelomate
  • ________ circulatory system
  • Many body systems
  • _______ sets of muscles
  • Sexual reproduction most are ________________

22
ANNELIDA
  • Segmented worms earthworm, sandworm, and
  • leech
  • Coelomate
  • Closed circulatory system
  • Many body systems
  • Two sets of muscles
  • Sexual reproduction most are hermaphrodites

23
MOLLUSCA
  • Mollusks snails, sea slugs bivalves such as
    clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels octopus,
    squid, and
  • chambered nautilus (cephalopods)
  • All have a __________ _____ and a
  • _____ that produces a shell in most species
  • _________ circulatory system
  • Gas exchange by _______ in mantle cavity in water
    forms or mantle cavity serves as a ________ in
    land forms

24
MOLLUSCA
  • Mollusks snails, sea slugs bivalves such as
    clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels octopus,
    squid, and
  • chambered nautilus (cephalopods)
  • All have a muscular foot and a
  • mantle that produces a shell in most species
  • Open circulatory system
  • Gas exchange by gills in mantle cavity in water
    forms or mantle cavity serves as a lung in land
    forms

25
ARTHROPODA
  • Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids),
    centipedes, millipedes
  • ___________of protein and chitin _____
    appendages
  • _________ circulatory system
  • ________________ tubules in insects and
  • arachnids remove liquid wastes
  • ____________ _______and/or book lungs
  • in terrestrial forms gills in aquatic
  • species for gas exchange
  • _______eyes and antennae in many forms
  • Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and
    _____________ fertilization

26
ARTHROPODA
  • Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids),
    centipedes, millipedes
  • Exoskeleton of protein and chitin jointed
    appendages
  • Open circulatory system
  • Malpighian tubules in insects and
  • arachnids remove liquid wastes
  • Tracheal tubes and/or book lungs
  • in terrestrial forms gills in aquatic
  • species for gas exchange
  • Compound eyes and antennae in many forms
  • Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and
    internal fertilization

27
IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF
ARTHROPOD
2.
3.
1.
.
5.
6.
4.
9.
8.
7.
28
IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF
ARTHROPOD
crustacean
arachnid
centipede
insect
crustacean
millipede
insect
crustacean
arachnid
29
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30
ECHINODERMATA
  • Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the
    only invertebrates that are ___________________
  • Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea
    urchin, sea cucumber, sea
  • lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit
  • _________ skinned animals
  • Unique ________ _________ system
  • Secondary _________ symmetry with no segmentation

31
ECHINODERMATA
  • Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the
    only invertebrates that are deuterostomes
  • Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea
    urchin, sea cucumber, sea
  • lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit
  • Spiny skinned animals
  • Unique water vascular system
  • Secondary radial symmetry with no segmentation

32
INVERTEBRATES
  • Animals without Backbones
  • Check your answers from slide 1, then correct any
  • that were wrong and add the phylum name.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
33
INVERTEBRATES
  • Invertebrate Web Quest
  • Click on the picture below to begin.

34
Closed and Open Circulatory System
Closed circulatory system Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.                                                                      Open circulatory system The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.                                                                     
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