Title: The History of Microbiology What is microbiology and how has this science come to be a specialized part of biology?
1The History of MicrobiologyWhat is microbiology
and how has this science come to be a specialized
part of biology?
- Microbiology as a Science
- Organisms of study bacteria, fungi, protozoans,
algae, helminths, viruses - The Discovery of Cells
- Anton Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
- The Cell Theory
- Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
- Francesco Redi and rotten meat (1668)
- Lazarro Spallazani and chicken broth (1765)
- Pasteur and swan-necked flasks (1861)
- Tyndall and Sterility
- The Golden Age of Microbiology (1857-1914)
- Fermentation and Pasteurization
- Germ Theory of Disease (Koch)
- Vaccines (Edward Jenner)
- Developments in the 20th Century
- Salvarsan for syphilis, sulfa drugs
- Antibiotics (penicillin in 1928 by Fleming)
- Discovery of viruses
The study of microbiology came into being with
the discovery of cells and disproving spontaneous
generation.
2Microorganisms in our lives
Food and Chemical Production
Learning about life
Disease
Decomposition Spoilage
3Leading Causes of Death in 1998
United States Africa Southeast
Asia
1. Heart disease 2. Stroke 3. Cancer 4. Resp.
infections 5. Accidents 6. Diabetes 7. Suicide 8.
Liver disease
1. AIDS/HIV 2. Resp. infections 3. Diarrheal
diseases 4. Perinatal conditions 5. Strokes 6.
Heart disease 7. Accidents
- 1. Heart disease
- 2. Resp. infections
- 3. Diarrheal diseases
- 4. Stroke
- 5. Perinatal conditions
- 6. Tuberculosis
- 7. AIDS/HIV
Infectious diseases caused by microbes are
highlighted in red
4Three Domain System of Classification
Extreme bacteria that live in high salt, hot
water, acid, or alkali (unusual bacteria)
Soil bacteria Water bacteria Disease
bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria
Plants Animals Fungi Protists
All living things
5Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-17330
6Leeuwenhoeks microscope
7Leeuwenhoek discovers animalcules in 1670
8Robert Hookes microscope and light source
9Robert Hooke discovers boxes in cork
10Spontaneous generation Francisco Redis
experiments in 1668
Maggots develop spontaneously on meat?
Box uncovered Box
covered with cheesecloth
11Disproving Spontaneous Generation Lazzaro
Spallanzani 1750
Microbes develop spontaneously in chicken broth?
Chicken broth Sealed in flask
Boiled No growth
12Pasteur disproves spontaneous generation
conclusively in 1861
13Pasteurs Swan-necked flask experiment
14Tyndall (1820-1893) Showed That Some Infusions
Had to Be Boiled Longer than in Pasteurs
Experiments
Tyndalls apparatus showing that air without dust
grows no microbes.
15Cell TheoryDeveloped by Virchow, Schleiden,
Schwann and Pasteur
1. All living things are made of one or more
cells 2. All existing cells arise from
pre-existing cells (biogenesis)
16Semmelweis introduces hand-washing to reduce
puerperal fever in 1840
17Pasteur describes fermentation and invents
pasteurization in 1864
18Lister uses phenol as an antiseptic to control
infections in 1860
19Germs Cause Disease Kochs Postulates to prove
causation
20Jenner demonstrates effectiveness of vaccination
with cowpox in 1796
21Paul Ehrlich discovers first chemotherapeutic
agent (salvarsan) in 1910
22Alexander Fleming discovers first antibiotic in
1928
23James Watson and Francis Crick work out DNA
structure in 1952
24DNA technology food, medicines, environmental
cleanup
25Microbial EcologyHow do microbes grow in nature?
How does this information pertain to controlling
or fostering growth?
Biofilm growing on a medical implant
26BioremediationHow can we utilize the abilities
of microbes in cleaning up our messes?
27Modern Branches of Microbiology
Virology Viruses
Bacteriology Bacteria
Parasitology Protozoans animal parasitic
worms
Rabies virus
Staph. aureus
Epidemiology Disease transmission
Trypanosoma
Immunology Resistance to disease
Mycology Fungal diseases
Macrophage
Ebola Virus
Aspergillis
28The History of MicrobiologyWhat is microbiology
and how has this science come to be a specialized
part of biology?
- Microbiology as a Science
- Organisms of study bacteria, fungi, protozoans,
algae, helminths, viruses - The Discovery of Cells
- Anton Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
- The Cell Theory
- Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
- Francesco Redi and rotten meat (1668)
- Lazarro Spallazani and chicken broth (1765)
- Pasteur and swan-necked flasks (1861)
- Tyndall and Sterility
- The Golden Age of Microbiology (1857-1914)
- Fermentation and Pasteurization
- Germ Theory of Disease (Koch)
- Vaccines (Edward Jenner)
- Developments in the 20th Century
- Salvarsan for syphilis, sulfa drugs
- Antibiotics (penicillin in 1928 by Fleming)
- Discovery of viruses
The study of microbiology came into being with
the discovery of cells and disproving spontaneous
generation.