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Mannerism and Renaissance North

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Time of crisis that gave rise to competing tendencies (kind of like today) ... Bruegel the Elder, Peasant Wedding, c.1565. Crude, heavy people yet respected in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Mannerism and Renaissance North


1
Mannerism and Renaissance North
Extreme Renaissance
2
  • What happened after the High Renaissance?
  • Time of crisis that gave rise to competing
    tendencies (kind of like today)
  • Originally Mannerism was a negative term- used
    for mid-16th century painters whose style was
    artificial but now seen as a group of artists who
    looked inward instead of at the natural world for
    their vision
  • Rebel in Florence!
  • Unreal light, disquieting and creepy
  • Figures are agitated yet rigid

Florentino, Descent From the Cross, 1521
3
  • Distortions are scientifically based
  • Showed that inner views are skewed-there is no
    single correct reality

Parmigianino, Self Portrait, 1524
4
  • Influenced by Raphaels paintings
  • His style changed to elongated figures, very
    smooth- ideal beauty does not copy nature
  • Artificial background- nothing is based on
    reality, unearthly perfection

Parmgianino, The Madonna with the Long Neck, 1535
5
  • First woman artist example since Greece!
  • First widely recognized celebrity woman artist

Sofonisba Anguissola, Portrait of the Artists
Sister Minerva, 1559
6
Tintoretto, The Maundy (Christ Washing The Feet
of His Disciples), 1547
  • Jacobo Titntoretto, Venetian, 1518-94
  • Very emotional, unreal light, sudden lights and
    darks
  • Michelangeloesque figures

7
  • Domenikos Theotocopoulos (1541-1614), worked in
    Venice
  • Settled in Spain, but saw the great works of the
    High Renaissance
  • Counter Reformation, which was intense in Spain
    effected his emotional work
  • Count Orgaz was a medieval benefactor of the
    church
  • Represented as a contemporary event
  • Top of painting- figures are sweeping and
    flamelike

El Greco, Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586
8
  • Color and texture rivals Titian
  • Painting fills an entire wall of a chapel
  • Below the painting is a box that looks like a
    coffin- meant to show that action continues-
    unites the visual world with the real world

9
  • Master at portraiture
  • Religious leaders were seen as mystics and
    intellectuals at the same time

El Greco, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1600
10
  • Correggio was seen as a Proto-Baroque Artist
  • Northern Italian but was influenced by the
    Renaissance masters
  • For him, spiritual and physical ecstasy were one
    and the same
  • Uses Leonardos sfumato
  • Beautiful sense of color like the Venetians
    (Titian)
  • Artist had no immediate successors but his work
    was widely appreciated unlike the mannerists

Correggio, Jupiter and Antiope, 1523
11
  • The most important sculptor in Florence in the
    latter half of the 16th c.
  • Not really a lot of new sculptor talent in the
    later 16th c.- perhaps because of Michelangelo
  • Was untitled- the artist just wanted to show
    three figures in physical turmoil- critics gave
    it its name
  • Not really concerned with subject matter
  • Purpose was to solve a formal problem
  • Looks like choreography rather than pathos

Bologna, Rape of the Sabine Woman, 1583
12
Palladio, Villa Rotunda, 1567-70
  • Mannerist architecture is hard to define
  • Palladio was 2nd only to Michelangelo during this
    time period
  • Thought that architecture should be governed by
    reason and by certain universal rules perfected
    during ancient times
  • Believed in cosmic significance of numerical
    rations-practiced classicism
  • Villa Rotunda is a residence, shaped like a
    temple (he was convinced that Roman buildings
    were also shaped like this)

13
Palladio, S. Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 1565
  • Made a classically integrated façade on a
    basilican church
  • Integrated a tall and a wide temple design

14
  • Renaissance North
  • Italian ideas swept north around 1500
  • Germany had two masters- Grunewald and Durer
  • Grunewald remained relatively unknown
  • Main work was The Isenheim Altarpiece
  • Seen as the most impressive crucifixion ever
    painted
  • Grief shown is very Medieval
  • Jesus is both human and monumental

Grunewald, The Crucifixion, 1510
  • Crucifixion is taken out of its familiar
    surroundings-in darkness yet bathed in bright
    light- symbolic and realistic at the same time

15
  • More jubilant mood
  • Light is extremely bold, full of vibrant energy
  • Color is rich and full
  • Knowledge of perspective came from Italy
  • Psychologically impacted by the Renaissance in
    Italy

Grunewald, The Resurrection, 1510-15
16
  • Albrecht Durer 1471-1528
  • Greatest printmaker of his time
  • Visited Italy and bought into the Artist as
    Genius idea and the rational rules of Renaissance
    art
  • Subject of the Four Horsemen suggests the work of
    Schoengauer, but figures are Renaissance-based
  • This is a woodcut, but the medium has become as
    expressive as engraving

Durer, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 1497-8
17
  • First artist to be fascinated with his own image
  • Christ-like pose- showing not conceit, but how
    seriously Durer regarded his mission as artistic
    reformer
  • Invented a devise for producing an image by
    mechanical means to demonstrate the validity of
    perspective- first step towards the principle of
    the camera

Durer, Self Portrait, 1500
18
  • Hans Holbein the Younger 1497-1543
  • Continued the portrait tradition of Durer
  • Lived in Switzerland (German born)
  • Memorable image of a true Renaissance man

Holbein the Younger, Erasmus of Rotterdam, 1523
19
  • Went to England and became court painter of Henry
    VIII
  • Immobile pose, air of unaproachability
  • Precisely rendered jewelry and costume
  • Molded British aristocracys taste for decades

Holbein, Henry VIII, 1540
20
  • In the Netherlands, there were less and less
    commissions for religious paintings because of
    the strictness of the atmosphere (counter
    reformation)
  • Landscape, still-life, and Genre scenes became
    important
  • Meat stall- a completely secular picture- no
    interest in formal arrangements-just heaps of
    meat (mmm!)
  • Meant to impress us with its detail (4X12)

Pieter Aertsen, The Meat Stall, 1551
21
Bruegel The Elder, The Return of the Hunters, 1565
  • Explored landscapes and peasant life- know little
    about him.
  • Very educated, a humanist, never worked for the
    Church
  • Visited Italy, but was not impressed with the
    masters- returned with landscape drawings instead
  • This painting is a descendant of Lindbourgs
    February- landscape is more important than the
    people- rhythm of nature is the subject matter

22
Bruegel the Elder, Peasant Wedding, c.1565
  • Crude, heavy people yet respected in Bruegels
    view
  • Limited modeling and flat colors, space is in
    linear perspective-attention to detail makes the
    event seem as important as a biblical scene-
    maybe because peasant life is the ideal life for
    him?

23
Bruegal the Elder, Fall of Icarus
What is the philosophy behind this painting- What
is Bruegal trying to say?
24
Chateau of Chambord, 1519
  • France had a hard time adopting classical
    architecture- took a while for Gothic traditions
    to change
  • Based on Gothic design on the outside, but its
    plan is much more geometric and regular- more
    Italian

25
Pierre Lescot, Square Court of the Louvre, 1546
  • Lescot was very influenced by Bramante and his
    ideas
  • This design is a blending of Italian and French
    ideas -can you pick each influence out?
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