Time Scales And Hierarchical Levels Of Networks That Control Human Movement

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Time Scales And Hierarchical Levels Of Networks
That Control Human Movement
Gottfried Mayer-Kress
Penn State University
Complexity Digest (www.comdig.com)
Presented at the 7th Understanding Complex
Systems Symposium (UCS 2007), UIUC,
Urbana-Champaign, Il. May 14-17, 2007
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Three Levels - Time Scales

• Quantum Level (lt ms - Electrons, Atoms, Photons,
  Gravitons) Trigger neuronal activity
• Neuronal Level (ms - years, neuronal cell
  assemblies) Adaptation, learning, development
• Social Network Level (Minutes - years)
  Flash-Mobs, Fashions, Trends, Traditions

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Snoddy (1926) Elevation in Landscape vs Power
Law of Practice
Collaborators Yeou-Teh Liu (NTNU) Karl Newell
(PSU)
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Performance Landscapes and Characteristic Time
Scales
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Learning Anti-Adaptation Between Practice
Sessions
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Learning vs Adaptation
Rest/Sleep
Unlearning Dynamics in Some Dimensions -gt Role
of Sleep
Practice
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Quantum Entanglement-gt Quantum Information
Processing

• Ultra Low Temperatures
• (Brains are too hot and wet for quantum
  computation, S. Loyd)
• Interaction with Noise
• Thermodynamics
• Entanglement Distillation
• Knots vs Qubits
• Massively Parallel Look-Up

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Partial Collective Entanglement
For the first time physicists have forged
quantum entanglement between two large blobs of
gas. The achievement brings closer the
possibility of super-fast quantum computers and
teleportation1. Eugene Polzik and his co-workers
at the University of Aarhus in Denmark have
entangled about a million million 1012 caesium
atoms. Four was the previous record. Nature
Science update, 21 Sept 2001 Here we
demonstrate experimentally the entanglement of
two macroscopic objects, each consisting of a
caesium gas sample containing about 1012 atoms.
Entanglement is generated via interaction of the
samples with a pulse of light, which performs a
non-local Bell measurement on the collective
spins of the samples. The entangled spin-state
can be maintained for 0.5 milliseconds. Experimen
tal Long-Lived Entanglement Of Two Macroscopic
Objects, B Julsgaard, A. Kozhekin
E. S. Polzik, Nature 413, 400 (2001)
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What is Noise really?

• Thought Experiment Shrink Einsteins elevator to
  atomic scales
• Lower Temperature Number and masses of virtual
  particles created nearby seem to decrease
  (Casimir-Polder Force).
• Davis-Unruh effect Acceleration creates hot
  particles
• Gravitomagnetic fields in rotating
  superconductors Lense-Thirring (Frame Dragging)
  effect 1020 larger than predicted by general
  relativity

(see http//focus.aps.org/story/v8/st19)
Gravitoelectromagnetism and Dark Energy in
Superconductors Clovis Jacinto de Matos, arXiv,
July 2006
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Gravito-magnetism Enhanced in Entangled Systems

• Photons and Gravitons acquire mass in
  super-conductor through Higgs mechanism (gt 1030)
• Gravitomagnetic London Moment and the Graviton
  Mass inside a Superconductor, C.J. de Matos, M.
  Tajmar, arXiv, 2006

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Gravito-magnetism Enhanced in Entangled Systems

• "Superconductors are predicted to be macroscopic
  quantum gravitational antennas and transducers,
  which can directly convert upon reflection a beam
  of quadrupolar electromagnetic radiation into
  gravitational radiation, and vice versa, and thus
  serve as both sources and receivers of
  gravitational waves."
• Conceptual tensions between quantum mechanics and
  general relativity Are there experimental
  consequences, e.g., super conducting transducers
  between electromagnetic and gravitational,
  Raymond Y. Chiao, 2002
• radiation?

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Molecular Information Ratchet -gt Maxwells Demon
Open system key to success Need to feed the demon
Serreli V, Lee C-F, Kay E R, Leigh D A (2007) A
Molecular Information Ratchet, Nature 445523-527
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Evolutionary advantage of quantum properties
and(!) noise

• Quantum Non-Locality and fast, parallel look-up
  of solutions to decision/search problems
• Noise in excitable media can create emerging
  collective structures
• Support/protect entangled states?
• Creation of new types of short-lived quasi
  particles (e.g. Freedman Braids)

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Quantum Computation in Photosynthesis
Evidence For Wavelike Energy Transfer Through
Quantum Coherence In Photosynthetic Systems, G.
S. Engel, T. R. Calhoun, E. L. Read, T.-K. Ahn,
T. Manal, Y.-C. Cheng, R. E. Blankenship, G. R.
Fleming, Nature 446, 782-786, 07/04/12
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Peak Beating Power Spectrum
These 'quantum beats', which persist for
hundreds of femtoseconds, are characteristic of
coherent coupling between different electronic
states. In other words, the electronic excitation
that transfers the energy downhill does not
simply hop incoherently from state to state, but
samples two or more states simultaneously. The
data also suggest that the protein scaffold might
itself be structured to dampen fluctuations that
would induce decoherence of the electronic
excitation. Coherent energy transfer allows the
'wave-like' sampling of the energy landscape to
establish the easiest route for the electronic
excitation to the reaction complex much faster
than the semi-classical hopping mechanism allows
indeed, it does so almost instantaneously. The
process is analogous to Grover's algorithm in
quantum computing, which has been proved to
provide the fastest possible search of an
unsorted information database. Quantum Path To
Photosynthesis, Roseanne J. Sension, Nature 446,
740 - 741, 2007
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Recent Papers (1)(see Complexity Digest)

• We demonstrate the difference between local,
  single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of
  entangled quantum systems coupled to independent
  environments. Using an all-optical experimental
  setup, we showed that, even when the
  environment-induced decay of each system is
  asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly
  disappear. This "sudden death" constitutes yet
  another distinct and counterintuitive trait of
  entanglement.
• Environment-Induced Sudden Death of Entanglement,
  M. P. Almeida, F. de Melo, M. Hor-Meyll, A.
  Salles, S. P. Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, L.
  Davidovich, Science 316 (5824), 579, 07/04/27
• Dissipation Can Enhance Quantum Effects, Joachim
  Ankerhold, Eli Pollak, Phys. Rev. E 75, 07/04/09

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Recent Papers (2)(see Complexity Digest)

• "Some physicists are uncomfortable with the idea
  that all individual quantum events are innately
  random. This is why many have proposed more
  complete theories, which suggest that events are
  at least partially governed by extra "hidden
  variables". (...)
• "Our study shows that 'just' giving up the
  concept of locality would not be enough to obtain
  a more complete description of quantum
  mechanics," Aspelmeyer told Physics Web. "You
  would also have to give up certain intuitive
  features of realism.""
• Quantum Physics Says Goodbye To Reality, Physics
  Web, 07/04/20