DIVIDED BY WAR

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DIVIDED BY WAR

• 1861-1865

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       8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
       9. William H. Harrison (1841)        10.
John Tyler (1841-1845)        11. James K. Polk
(1845-1849)        12. Zachary Taylor
(1849-1850)        13. Millard Fillmore
(1850-1853)        14. Franklin Pierce
(1853-1857)        15. James Buchanan
(1857-1861)        16. Abraham Lincoln
(1861-1865)
       1. George Washington - Term of Office
(1789-1797)        2. John Adams (1797-1801)
       3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
       4. James Madison (1809-1817)        5.
James Monroe (1817-1825)        6. John Quincy
Adams (1825-1829)        7. Andrew Jackson
(1829-1837)
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THE SECESSION CRISIS

• Lincolns election leads So. Carolina to secede
• Dec. 20th 1860
• Question Would other states follow?

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THE CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE DEC. 1860

• John Crittenden proposes a compromise
• A series of constitutional amendment
• Hopes to convince South not to leave.

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THE TERMS OF THE COMPROMISE

• Restore the Missouri Compromise Line 36,30
• Unamendable amendment to guarantee slavery where
  it exists.
• A special committee formed to work out the deal.

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REPUBLICAN LINCOLN REJECT THE COMPROMISE.

• It would violate the Republican Platforms.
• Compromise is defeated in committee.
• Last hope of avoiding war is gone.

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SIX MORE STATES SECEDE

• Before Lincoln is Inaugurated.
• Feb. 18th, 1861 the confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis elected president

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LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED MARCH 1861

• Inaugural Address tries to reassure the South.
• I have no power or desire to end slavery where
  it exists
• If you want war you will have to start it.

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PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING.

• He was a Lame Duck waiting to leave office

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FORT SUMTER CHARLESTON, SO CAROLINA

• Major Anderson in command of the Fort
• Lincoln tries to send supplies.
• 430 am April 12, 1861 Gen. Beauregard opens
  fire.
• No one killed.

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LINCOLN CALLS FOR 75,000 VOLUNTEERS.

• Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join the
  Confederacy
• The border states are critical. Maryland and
  Kentucky.

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MORE

• Lincoln I hope God is on our side, but I must
  have Kentucky.
• Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Suspends Habeas
  Corpus
• Kentucky remains loyal.

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THE SOUTHERN POSITION

• Confident
• Fighting for independence, not slavery.
• Only had to defend to win
• Yankees had no character would quit.

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THE NORTHERN POSITION

• Confident of Victory
• North was stronger than South
• Fighting to preserve the Union
• Secession was treason!

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THE MILITARY BALANCE SHEET.

• Southern military tradition
• Southerners highly motivated
• Had best officers at start of the war
• Fighting on home ground.

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THE NORTH

• Larger population
• 4 times as many soldiers
• More factories
• Most railroads in the North
• A navy blockade in the South

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CIVIL LEADERS PRES. LINCOLN

• Lincoln had no military experience
• Not respected by many
• Clever and wise politician

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JEFFERSON DAVIS

• Political experience
• West point grad, veteran of Mexican War
• Sec of War
• Not a skilled politician.
• 38 vetoes, all but one overridden.

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MOBILIZING FOR WAR.

• Both sides rely on volunteers
• Union pays bounties
• Bounty jumping
• 1863 Congress passes a draft
• Men 20 to 45

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MORE

• Draft was unfair
• 300 could buy exemption
• You could hire a substitute
• South passes draft in 1862
• 18 to 45 years old.
• Large slave owners exempt
• African Americans Fighting

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PAYING FOR THE WAR

• South sold bonds (40 of costs)
• Rest paid by printing money
• Caused runaway inflation
• North passed income tax
• Taxed manufacturers and sold bonds.

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MORE

• By 1862 War cost 1.75 million per day
• North passes the Legal Tender Act Issues paper
  money called greenbacks
• National Banking Act 1863 Banks must buy
  federal bonds.

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MOVING WEST AND DEATH OF COTTON KING

• Homestead Act 1862
• Gold and mining (62)
• Morrill Land Grant Act (62)
• Pacific Railway Act (63)
• Blockade

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BENDING THE CONSTITUTION

• Blockade
• Increasing Army and Navy
• Extended enlistment
• Security Money
• Habeas Corpus
• Supervised voting

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BRITAIN

• Trent Affair
• Unofficial naval base for Confederacy
• Laird Rams

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FRANCE

• Napoleon III
• Conquer Mexico