In what ways did the early nineteenth

1

• In what ways did the early nineteenth century
  reform movements for abolition and womens rights
  illustrate both the strengths and weaknesses of
  democracy in the early American republic
• In the period 1815 to 1860 improvements in
  transportation and increased inter-regional trade
  should have united Americans but instead
  produced sectional division and finally disunion.
  Discuss with reference to the impact of improved
  transportation and increased inter-regional trade
  on the Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic
  states) the South and the West.
• Discuss the impact of territorial expansion on
  national unity between 1800 and 1850
• Analyze the ways in which supporters of slavery
  in the nineteenth century used legal religious
  and economic arguments to defend the institution
  of slavery.
• Assess the moral arguments and political actions
  of those opposed to the spread of slavery in the
  context of TWO of the following Missouri
  Compromise Mexican War
• Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act

2
No Compromise with Sin The Radicalization of
American Anti-Slavery
3
I. Brief History American Anti-Slavery

• No prob. majority history
• 18th 1) Enlightenment (although also
  legitimated)
• 2) 1st GA (equality before God)
• 3) AR
• By 1810 Dying out N
• 1810-1830 Colonization
• South examples
• North democracy

4
II. William Lloyd Garrison

• 1805 Newbury MA
• Come-outer Baptist mother father alcoholic
• Printers apprentice journalist
• 1820s Demon Rum
• 1828 Ben Lundy (The Genius of Universal
  Emancipation) colonization
• Millennialism purer Chy
• John Noyes (founder Oneida commune)
  perfectionism sinfulness slavery universal
  emancipation
• Christian anarchism

5
III. Radical Abolition A House on Fire

• A. Immediatism
• 1 Jan. 1831 Liberator I am in earnestI will
  not retreat an inchand I will be heard.
• Slavery
• 1) Sin lie of racial inequality
• 2) Crime anti-AR
• Strategy of conversion revivalism
• No compromise w/sin

6

• 1833 Am Anti-Slavery Society propaganda
  violence political suppression
• Gag rule (1836)
• 1834-8 mob violence 1835 WLG symbolically 1837
  Lovejoy actually
• Change in tactics split gradualists
  immediatists

7
B. Abolitionism and Womens Rights

• 1) Non-resistance no compromise w/sin
• 2) Womens rights auxiliary groups violation
  Victorian ideals racial equality fears of
  miscegenation political activity
• Women lecturers promiscuous audiences
• Catalyst Angelina Sarah Grimké lecture tour
• Division w/in movement 1) conservatives vs.
  Garrisonians over womens rights
• Even more 2) 1840s non-resistance calls for
  northern secession

8
IV. Proslavery Argument

• Rage over Garrison positive good
• 1) Aristotle mudsill
• 2) Bible Old and New Testament (curse of Ham)
• 3) King Cotton economic determinism
• 4) Science of racism (multiple creations)
• 5) Fiction writers moonlight magnolias
• 6) George Fitzhugh

9
V. Fitzhugh and the Attack on Free Society

• Sociology for the South or The Failure of Free
  Society (1854) Cannibals All! or Slaves Without
  Masters (1857)
• Slavery servile labor of any form
• Chattel slavery kinder than wage 1st modern
  welfare state
• Slavery survive only if capitalist world market
  destroyed southern values could not survive
  competition bourgeois individualism
• Writing at same time as Marx in Europe unclear
  if F read M

10

• Free labor class conflict violence
• Slavery solves master class combines interest
  w/sentiment security for masses (paternalism)
• Whole world must be all slave or all free
• Compare Lincoln House Divided speech
• Fitzhugh took argument farthest but basic ideas
  common in South

11
VI. Conclusion

• Heated anti- or pro-slavery sentiment was a
  minority position before 1850s
• Uncle Toms Cabin Bleeding Kansas John Brown
  would change that on both sides

12
The Political Crisis
13
I. American West as American Future

• Westward expansion slavery national issue
• White southerners exclusion block future
• White northerners expansion death of
  equality even free blacks threaten whites
• 1840s-1861 4 basic arguments
• 1) Total exclusion
• 2) Extend Missouri
• 3) Pop. sovty.
• 4) Total expansion

14
II. Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso

• 1845 annexation Texas 1848 Mexican-American
  War opens territory south of 3630
• Slave imperialism spot resolutions 22 Dec
  1847 A. Lincoln (Whig Rep. IL) Spotty
  Lincoln
• Emerson swallowing arsenic
• David Wilmot (D. PA) no slavery ever in
  territories echoes NWO
• No morbid sympathy equity free white labor
• House passes 50 times split Senate rejects

15
III. Compromise 1850

• CA Gold Rush 80000 w/in a year mostly North
  some free blacks slaves hostility w/in CA
• CA Const no provision slavery want no blacks
• CA request admit Senate split NM almost ready
  (free) throw it 17 to 15 hints of secession
• Henry Clay (master of Missouri Comp) 1) CA free
  2) NM UT pop. sov. 3) new fugitive slave law
  4) end slave trade D.C.

16

• Pres. Z. Taylor promised to veto Taylor dies
  July 4 binge (cherries milk heart)
• Millard Fillmore favors Clay
• Stephen Douglas (IL)(Little Giant) revives
  compromise urban West connected E by massive RxR
  (through Chicago) requires Union
• SD breaks Compromise into parts passes

17
IV. Fugitive Slave Act and Uncle Toms Cabin

• Mostly symbolic support only few thousand/yr
  few whites afford chase
• N blacks outraged threat of false return
  associations to resist
• HBS Uncle Toms Cabin vision of Christ-like
  black beaten God wrote it
• Focused impact wb families fugitive slave act
  implicated all Americans in slavery required to
  aid chasers

18

• Appeal of UTC slavery breaks families Chn
  martyrdom Tom sexual abuse slave women
  educational neglect children
• Sensation 3 million copies sold by CW
• Gave slavery a face in North converts thousands
  to antislavery (had been violently opposed)
• South damnable lie

Eliza fleeing Simon Legree across the frozen Ohio
River to freedom
19
V. Bleeding Kansas and Dred Scott

• A. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Douglas organize territory W of Chicago
  (competition St. Louis)
• Republican Party forms to oppose
• Kick out Indians organize govt pop. sovty
• Breaks Missouri Compromise SN begin organizing
  (Border Ruffians vs. Emigrant Aid Company
  Beechers Bibles)
• N outnumbers S illegally cross border
  (Missouri) 60 votes illegal

20
Rehearsal for War

• Proslavery govt kick out antislavery element
  crime to speak free soil arg. aiding escaped
  slave capital offense
• Free soil govt outlaws slavery bans entrance
  free blacks
• Attack on Free Soilers in Lawrence John Browns
  Northern Army without bloodshed there is no
  remission of sin guerilla warfare

21
B. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

• Taney Court invalidates Missouri Compromise
  (Congress cannot ban slavery anywhere in nation)
  and possibly pop. sovty
• Lecompton Constitution (1857) proslavery
  rejected by 10000 votes Pres. Buchannan (D)
  tries to push through Congress blatant Slave
  Power
• Douglas Freeport Doctrine (1858) territories
  could still ban alienates southern Democrats
  slavery would only be protected in separate nation

22
VI. John Brown at Harpers Ferry

• Brown directly appointed by God to end slavery
• Trigger Brooks beats Sumner Southerners only
  understand masculine violence
• Plan slave insurrection mountains VA free
  state staging ground
• 4000 to found Provisional Army of US 20 men
• Oct. 16 1859 attacks US arsenal at Harpers
  Ferry VA for guns
• Col. Robert E. Lee crush and take to jail

23

• Browns letter to Gov. refusing to concede
  warns slavery question would be resolved
  published in papers terrifies rush through
  trial
• Dec. 2 1859 hanged in presence 1500 nervous VA
  soldiers
• South convinced real armies of terrorists waiting
  at border (Browns invasion)
• VA paper labels Brown raid most terrible act
  disunifying nation
• Despite Browns prophecy war not fought to
  abolish slavery (at least not at start)