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West Nile Virus

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West Nile Virus. Timeline. 1937. First Case reported. 1950. Virus studied in Egypt. 1957 ... Less than 1% of infected develop into severe illness ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: West Nile Virus


1
West Nile Virus
2
Timeline
  • 1937
  • First Case reported
  • 1950
  • Virus studied in Egypt
  • 1957
  • Outbreak in Israel
  • 1960
  • Equine cases
  • 1999
  • Appeared in US

3
World Wide
  • Africa
  • West Asia
  • Eastern Europe
  • Middle East
  • United States

4
New York
  • 1999
  • 62 Human cases
  • 7 deaths
  • 2000
  • 21 Human cases
  • 2 deaths
  • Numerous bird (crow) causes

5
Positive States
  • Connecticut
  • Indiana
  • Ohio
  • Maryland
  • Pennsylvania
  • Florida
  • Virginia
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • New Jersey
  • New York
  • Rhode Island
  • Georgia

6
Transmission of WNV
  • Birds are reservoirs
  • Mosquitoes are Vectors
  • Humans and horses are incidental hosts
  • No horizontal spread of WNV from humans to horses

7

Bird Mosquito HorsesHumans
8
Mild Infection Symptoms
  • Symptoms occur abut 5-15 days after mosquito
    bites
  • Mild fever
  • Headache
  • Body aches
  • Rash
  • Swollen lymph nodes

9
Serious Infection Symptoms
  • Seen mostly in elderly
  • Less than 1 of infected develop into severe
    illness
  • Causes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
  • Rapid onset of severe headache
  • High fever
  • Stiff neck
  • Confusion
  • Coma
  • Muscle weakness

10
Diagnosis
  • Testing
  • Done if person develops symptoms
  • Medical history first assessed
  • People who live in or have traveled to areas
    where WNV has been identified are at high risk
  • People over 50 are at high risk

11
Diagnosis
  • Blood Sample
  • Drawn and taken to commercial or public health
    laboratory for conformation
  • IgM antibodies tested in serum or cerebral spinal
    fluid
  • ELISA test
  • Used to incubate goat IgM and human serum and
    test it with WNV antigen from vero cells infected
    from gulls mice and goats

12
Treatment
  • No treatment
  • Can treat secondary symptoms with fluids
  • Need to seek medical attention immediately
  • Doctor
  • Veterinarian

13
Prevention
  • Eliminate outdoor activities between dusk and
    dawn
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Use mosquito repellant
  • Keep pools treated
  • Empty and clean birdbaths, plant trays once a
    week

14
Prevention
  • Replace outdoor lights with yellow lights
  • Report dead birds to proper authority
  • Vaccinate horses against WNV
  • Make sure screens are bug tight
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