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Early Humans and the Beginning of Civilization

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The entire time that humans have existed can be divided into three periods: ... The Huang He River valley (China) Civilization, cont. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Early Humans and the Beginning of Civilization


1
Early Humans and the Beginning of Civilization
  • A WH1 Presentation
  • by Mr. Hess

2
Introduction
  • The entire time that humans have existed can be
    divided into three periods
  • Early humans (so-called cave men)
  • Neolithic Revolution (when farming began)
  • Civilization

3
1. Early Humans
  • Modern humans are believed to have originated in
    Africa about 50,000 years ago, and then spread to
    other continents.
  • They lived by hunting and gathering, and
    developed tools such as hammers, axes, and spears.

4
Early Humans, cont.
  • Early humans lived in temporary structures, and
    moved as their food needs demanded.
  • Our knowledge of early humans is limited to
    archaeological evidence, due to the lack of
    written records.

5
2. The Neolithic Revolution
  • The Neolithic revolution was the gradual shift
    from gathering and hunting food to producing food
    (agriculture).
  • Agriculture was used in the middle east as far
    back as 8000 BC, and in China and the Americas as
    far back as 4000 BC.

6
The Neolithic Revolution, cont.
  • Along with growing crops, farmers raised animals
    for meat, milk and eggs.
  • Farming caused people to stay longer in one place
    and gave them a more steady food supply, but this
    meant working harder.

7
The Neolithic Revolution, cont.
  • Agricultural villages began to develop in places
    where there was fertile soil and abundant water.
  • Technological advances included the wheel, clay
    bricks, and metal jewelry and weapons.

8
3. Civilization
  • Neolithic villages slowly evolved into
    civilizations.
  • Civilization a highly organized society marked
    by advanced knowledge of trade, government, arts,
    and science.
  • Civilization the rise of cities.

9
Civilization, cont.
  • Early cities were all formed in river valleys
  • The Nile River valley (Egypt)
  • The Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Iraq)
  • The Indus River valley (Pakistan)
  • The Huang He River valley (China)

10
Civilization, cont.
  • All of these civilizations arose between 4000 BC
    and 1500 BC, but there were still agricultural
    villages and nomadic societies in addition.
  • Civilizations depended on farmers growing surplus
    crops that they could sell, freeing other people
    to earn their living in other ways.

11
New Developments of Civilization
  • Massive irrigation systems for watering crops
  • Specialization of labor
  • Long-distance trade by animal caravans or ships
  • Organized government to direct the labor force
    and protect the cities kings came into being
  • Writing
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