China and the New Imperialism

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China and the New Imperialism

• Ch. 25 sec. 5

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• The British had a trade deficit with China
  buying more from China than they sold to them.
• (1793) British requested increased trading
  rights China refused.
• The Opium War
• (1700s) British discover they can make huge
  profits by trading opium grown in India for
  Chinese tea which was popular in Britain.
• Many Chinese became addicted and silver flowed
  out of China in payment disrupting their economy.

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• China wanted to end the trading of opium because
  of all the negative effects.
• (1839) Chinese warships clashed with British
  merchants. Britain flexed its industrial might
  by bombing Chinese coastal and river ports.
• Chinese were easily defeated.
• (1842) Britain made China accept the Treaty of
  Nanjing.
• 1. Britain got a huge indemnity (payment) of
  losses in the war.
• 2. British gained the island of Hong Kong.
• 3. Granted British citizens extraterritoriality
  the right to live under their own laws and be
  tried in their own courts even when in a
  different country.

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• 4. Included a most favored nation clause.
  Britain would always get the same rights as
  other nations concerning trade.
• Qing dynasty was in decline. Poverty and misery
  were abundant in China.
• (1850-1864) The Taiping Rebellion
• Most devastating peasant revolt in history.
• Hong Xiuquan (shyoo CHWAHN) was a village
  schoolteacher inspired by religious visions.
• He set himself up as a revolutionary prophet and
  wanted a Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peacethe
  Taiping.

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• Taiping rebels won control of large parts of
  China as Hong called for an end to the Qing
  dynasty.
• The rebels held out for 14 years but the govt.
  crushed them.
• 20-30 million deaths altogether.
• Qing dynasty survived but Europeans kept pressure
  on during the rebellion.
• Russia seized lands along the Amur R. in N.
  China. Built port of Vladivostok on the Pacific
  coast.
• (1894) Japan joining the western imperialist
  ideas went to war with China. Japan gained
  Korea and Taiwan.
• The British French Russians and Germans carved
  up the Chinese empire taking land.

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• (1899) U.S. called for an Open Door Policy where
  trade would be open to everyone equally.
• Everyone agreed China was not consulted.
• (1898) The Hundred Days of Reform was launched in
  China by reformers that wanted to westernize.
• (1899) Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded in
  the Boxer Uprising.
• One secret society was called the Righteous
  Harmonious Fists. Westerners watching them train
  in the martial arts dubbed them Boxers.

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• (1900) Boxers attacked foreign communities across
  China.
• In response western powers and Japan organized a
  multinational force crushing the Boxers.
• The flames of Chinese nationalism spread. This
  defeat caused more reforms replacing Confucian
  thought with western ideas.
• (1908) Ci Xi leader of the Qing dynasty died
  uprisings spread and the 2000 year old monarchy
  toppled.
• (1911) Sun Yixian (soon yee SHYAHN) was named
  president of the new Chinese Republic.
• He put forth the 3 Principles of the People.

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• 1. Nationalism freeing China from foreign
  domination.
• 2. Democracy or representative govt.
• 3. Livelihood economic security.