Title:Lessons of Fukushima Powerpoint Majia Nadesan
Description:
Powerpoint Presentation of My Complete Lessons of Fukushima Powerpoint Presentation Delivered at Wiklamette University Feb 2012 – PowerPoint PPT presentation
Title: Lessons of Fukushima Powerpoint Majia Nadesan
1 Lessons From Fukushima
Dr. Majia Holmer Nadesan
2 Abstract
Lessons From Fukushima Governments and the Media Will Deceive the Public and Withhold Vital Information Leaving Citizens to Create Informal Information Sharing NetworksThis paper will demonstrate that the Japanese and U.S. Governments withheld vital information from their citizens about the direction and risks of Fukushima radiation plumes and the degree and consequences of radioactive fallout. Second the paper will demonstrate that the mainstream news media including The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times were complicit in hiding information about fallout levels dispersion and plant conditions. The U.S. media are commonly recognized as more independent from government than Japanese media. This disaster demonstrates that the U.S. mainstream news media censor information even when public safety is at issue. Finally this paper examines the spontaneous creation of information sharing sites and the subsequent development of a robust network of citizen-supported information sites in Japan and the United States.
3 Timeline
The nuclear disaster began on March 11 after Fukushima reactors lost water.
March 12 Fukushima reactor number 1 reactor exploded at 1530 after venting failed to release pressure.
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano confirms that the concrete building surrounding the steel reactor container has collapsed as a result of the blast but the steel containment chamber itself had not been damaged (BBC Timeline http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-1272 2719 )
March 13 Assurances Risk is Low But Releases Steam from Unit 3
0320 The World Health Organisation says the risk to the public from the radiation leak at Fukushima is probably quite low (BBC Timeline)
March 14 An explosion occurred at the number 3 reactor.
March 15 An Explosion occurred at number 2 reactor after initial assurances.
Early March 15 containment structures of the three reactorswhich house the all-important reactor vesselsremain intact Japanese official stressed preventing large-scale radiation leaks.
Later in the day on March 15 an explosion occurred in reactor number (Yuka Hayashi Nuclear Risk Rising in Japan The Wall Street Journal (2011 March 15) A1 A12).
Details of Unit 4 are Hotly Contested Unclear
4 Fukushima Is a Major Disaster
Fukushima cesium leaks equal 168 Hiroshima bombs says report National Aug. 26 2011 http//www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/f ukushima-cesium-leaks-equal-168-hiroshima-bombs-sa ys-report
HOW MUCH FUEL The Daiichi complex had a total of 1760 metric tons of fresh and used nuclear fuel on site last year according to a presentation by its owners the Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco). The most damaged Daiichi reactor number 3 contains about 90 tons of fuel and the storage pool above reactor 4 which the Nuclear Regulatory Commissions (NRCs) Gregory Jaczko reported yesterday had lost its cooling water contains 135 tons of spent fuel. The amount of fuel lost in the core melt at Three Mile Island in 1979 was about 30 tons the Chernobyl reactors had about 180 tons when the accident occurred in 1986. http//news.sciencema g.org/scienceinsider/2011/03/how-much-fuel-is-at-r isk-at-fukushima.htmlrss1
5 Background
I was driven to create this presentation by the scale of the Fukushima disaster and the invisibility of an adequate response.
I drew upon my expertise as a scholar of communication to study government and media reports of the disaster since it began in March of 2011
I study biopolitics the study of the intersections across (1) economic models (2) health (3) and dominant frameworks for interpreting and mitigating disease. In my research Ive studied autism as interpreted across scientific paradigms- including biological psychiatry and genetics Ive also studied how economic models shape attitudes toward the health of the population in relation to the workplace childrearing and environmental risks. The biopolitics of Fukushima are a primary concern of my current research.
To understand the significance of government and media accounts Ive researched radiation dispersion radiation fallout and disease and laboratory research on radiation cell biology and DNA. I received considerable assistance from diverse people including those who post at Enenews Fairewinds Fukushima Diary Ex-SKF Enformable If You Love This Planet NukePimp etc. I also benefited from extended communication with people who have knowledge and expertise in radiation testing and other relevant issues including Ret. Capt. Clyde Stagner Robert Soltysik Craig Daniels and my academic colleagues at ASU
6 Background
Many people know nothing about Fukushima. Yet it has been spewing radiation for almost a year now and fires have raged at the plant.
Japan is extensively contaminated. Fallout is everywhere in the northern hemisphere. Health effects are certain. However doctors are not trained in detecting sub-acute exposure to radiation poisoning. Symptoms will be diverse and not clearly linked to radiation by doctors trained in conventional models of medicine that focus primarily on genes and lifestyle.
My data analysis of crisis communications and press releases reveals that governments have hidden the scope and severity of the crisis including its ongoing nature and the extent of fallout.
So people may very well lose decades of their life and never know the cause even while they see deteriorating health all around them. I believe public health authorities need to take action to project health implications and adopt prevention and remediation strategies.
I believe public health authorities need to take action to project health implications and adopt prevention and remediation strategies especially in Japan but in the US and Canada as well.
This presentation seeks to use a variety of data to demonstrate that governments and media have failed to disclose information vital to human health and welfare.
7 Lessons From Fukushima
Lesson 1 Democratic governments may elect to withhold vital information in the event of severe disasters
The presentation demonstrates that the Japanese and U.S. Governments withheld vital information from their citizens about the direction and risks of Fukushima fallout.
Lesson 2 The Western media may censor vital information
The presentation demonstrates that the mainstream news media including The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times were complicit in hiding information about fallout levels dispersion and plant conditions.
Lesson 3 Spontaneous citizens networks can emerge in response to government censorship and these networks have multiple functions benefits and drawbacks
The presentation illustrates and examines the spontaneous creation of information sharing sites and the subsequent development of a robust network of citizen-supported information sites in Japan and the United States.
8 Overview of Lesson 1 Government Censorship
The Japanese and U.S. Governments withheld vital information from their citizens about the direction and risks of Fukushima radiation fallout. Thus citizens were not adequately protected evacuated to contaminated areas and were not provided with Potassium Iodide tablets to combat uptake of Iodine-131.
Japanese Speedi data censored
Japanese officials resisted releasing important data about dispersion because of fear of panicking residents
Japanese officials did not authorize potassium iodide pills because of their unwillingness to acknowledge scale of disaster
Japanese officials failed to expand evacuation zone adequately because of censorship of dispersion severity
Japanese officials tried to shut down radiation monitoring equipment to reduce public fears about contamination
Japanese government officials set dangerously high standards for exposure and implemented faulty monitoring strategies
Japanese government withheld a report of the worst case scenario and minutes of the Fukushima disaster response task force
The Canadian and US Governments also failed to relay critical information about fallout and asserted no health effects despite evidence to the contrary
Each claim is supported with evidence
9 Lesson 1 Speedi Censored
Japan used a system called SpeediSystem for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose informationto model March radiation releases and blamed the delay in reporting results to the public in mid-April to their efforts to narrow the margin of error in their calculations although nuclear regulators in other countries were privy to Speedis results early on.
In July the Atomic Energy Society of Japan publicly criticized the Japanese government and TEPCO for delays in reporting Speedi data to the public T
the society notes that there is the possibility that the damage to peoples health from radiation exposure has increased because the government Tepco and related institutions did not properly disclose information on the status of the nuclear accidents and the environmental contamination by radioactive substances..
Radiation hot spot in Namie Fukushima Prefecture were not disclosed.
Speedi data were given to the US military before the data were provided to Japanese citizens
Hiroko Tabuchi Keith Bradsher and Andrew Pollack Japanese Officials on Defensive as Nuclear Alert Level Rises The New York Times (2011 April 13) http//www.nytimes.com/2011/04/1 3/world/asia/13japan.html.
Tabuchi Bradsher and Pollack Japanese Officials on Defensive http//www.nytimes.com/20 11/04/13/world/asia/13japan.html
Nuclear Accident Disclosure Japan Times (2011 July 8) http//search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed 20110708a1.html.
10 Japanese Officials Resisted Releasing Data on Radiation Dispersion
Japan Economic Newswire (April 29 2011). Weather chief draws flak over plea not to release radiation forecasts. Excerpted
The chief of the Meteorological Society of Japan has drawn flak from within the academic society over a request for member specialists to refrain from releasing forecasts on the spread of radioactive substances from the troubled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
Niino later said in commenting on the intention he had in issuing the statement If (society members) forecasts were announced it would have carried the risk that ordinary people may panic.
In this new statement he said the principle of keeping information sources unified should be applied when a country is going through a critical situation and should not be applied now that the release of radioactive substances has been prolonged.
The controversy over Niinos statements came to light when a series of delays in the release by the government of information related to the spread of radioactive substances have come under intense public scrutiny. end excerpt
11 Japanese Officials Failed to Dispense Potassium Iodide Pills
Fukushima area municipal entities had supplies of potassium iodide pills but the Japanese disaster manuals stipulated that local officials wait for orders from the national government to distribute.
Tokyo waited 5 days after Mar 11 before ordering distribution
WSJ writes The failure to disburse the preventive pills follows other examples of how the Japanese government failed to implement available measures aimed at protecting local residents from the harms of radiation
Hayashi Y. (2011 September 29). Japan Officials Failed to Hand Out Radiation Pills in Quakes Aftermath The Wall Street Journal.
12 Lesson 1 Governments Censor Risk Leading to Inadequate Evacuation
On March 11 the Japanese government ordered persons within a 1.9 mile radius of the Fukushima I plant to evacuate and recommended that those within 6.2 miles stay within their homes.
On March 12 the evacuation was extended to 20 kilometers.
On March 13 after the first explosion the World health Organization reported that the risk from the reactors was probably quite low.
On March 17 the U.S. declared that U.S. citizens and troops should stay at least 50 miles from the Fukushima reactors.
March 25 the Japanese government declared a voluntary evacuation for people within 30 kilometers of the plant while the official evacuation zone remained 20 kilometers or approximately 20 miles.
On April 4 The Wall Street Journal reported that Japanese authorities had finally acknowledged that the evacuation zone needed to be expanded beyond the 20 kilometer zone.
April 8 Evacuation zone still at 20 kilometers intends to limit exposure to 50 millisieverts
Timeline Japan Power Plant Crisis BBC News (2011 March 13) http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienc e-environment-12722719.
Norihiko Shirouzu and Rebecca Smith U.S. Sounds Alarm On Radiation The Wall Street Journal (2011 March 17) A1.
Andrew Morse and Mitsuru Obe Setback for Japan at Rogue Reactors The Wall Street Journal (2011 March 26-27) A1.
Yoree Koh Daisuke Wakabayashi and Miho Inada Worries Mount Over Residents Still Near Plant The Wall Street Journal (2011 April 4) A11.
Sekiguchi Obe (2011 April 8). Japan Weighs Wider Evacuation Zone. A6.
13 Lesson 1 Mar 31 Japanese Government Sought to Shut Down Radiation Monitoring
During first month of the crisis the Japanese government sought to shut down radiation monitoring to prevent citizens from panicking
The Prometheus Trap / Order to Suspend Radiation Monitoring Feb 6 2012 Asahi
On March 31 2011 Michio Aoyama a 58-year-old researcher at the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency was attending an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conference in Monaco when he received an e-mail from Japan. As he read the message Aoyama could not help but shake his head in incomprehension and disbelief.
Were discontinuing radiation monitoring Now But weve been doing it for more than half a century!
The sender of the e-mail was Takashi Inoue 47 a researcher at the institutes Office of Planning in Tsukuba Ibaraki Prefecture. According to Inoue he received a phone call from the meteorological agencys Planning Division in Tokyo at 6 p.m. on March 31. The caller told Inoue Effective tomorrow there will be no more budget for radiation monitoring. Please do as you see fit at your end.
14 Japanese Government Understated Radiation Threats and Set High Standards for Exposure
Toshiso Kosako resigned from the Japanese Governments panel of nuclear experts on April 30 in response to the governments ceiling on unacceptable standards of radiation levels in schoolyards.
Dr Kosako claimed that the Japanese government understated radiation risks and was slow to test for risks posed by contaminated seawater and seafood
Hayashi Y. (2011 July 2-3). Ex-Advisor Says Tokyo Understated Radiation Threats. The Wall Street Journal p. A7.
15 Lesson 1 Japanese Government Censored Disaster Report
Cabinet Kept Alarming Nuke Report Secret Japan Times January 22
Japanese Government buried a worst-case account of the Fukushima disaster by treating it as a personal document of Japans Atomic Energy Agency.
The report projected that in the worst case scenario the plant would intermittently release radiation for about a year.
The report was buried in part because the Japanese government recognized it could not successfully evacuate citizens the necessary 170 kilometers out. http//www.japantimes.co.jp/text/n n20120122a1.html
An interim report produced by the Japanese Government found that the government delayed relaying vital information to the public about the seriousness of the meltdowns and the radiation releases
Kageyama Yuri (2011 December 260. Japan probe finds nuclear disaster response failed. The Associated Press. Available http//www.google.com /hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jJMKHqE_ffiXqRQKfiRIA rgaojBwdocId38cf0057befd494a98dac1dccbcf47c7 and Japans Executive Summary of the Interim Report found here http//www.bloomberg.com/news/20 11-12-26/fukushima-probe-highlights-nuclear-regula tor-in-list-of-nuclear-failures.html
16 Lesson 1 Japans Industry Minister Kept NO MINUTES of Fukushima Taskforce
TOKYO (Kyodo) Japanese industry minister Yukio Edano on Tuesday apologized for the governments failure to take minutes of meetings of a taskforce dealing with the Fukushima nuclear crisis and said that he has instructed the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency to compile them soon based on notes taken by meeting attendees.
Edano said at a press conference that although the meetings were held in emergency situations soon after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant the government should have created minutes as soon as possible considering the public interest in the matter and the significant social impact that the handling of the accident has.
As then-Chief Cabinet Secretary and the current Economy Trade and Industry Minister I apologize he said.
Various crisis management decisions were made at the taskforces meetings such as setting of the evacuation zone and policies for conducting decontamination work after the leakage of radioactive materials from the crippled power plant.
17 Lesson 1 Government Manipulation of Exposure Data Persists in Japan
AKIKO OKAZAKI Fukushima group calls QRS radiation tests bogus (2012 Jan 2012). http//ajw.asahi.com /article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201201270050
A Fukushima day-care group sent letters earlier this month warning its members of what it sees as fraudulent tests to measure internal radiation exposure among kindergarteners and preschoolers. Many scientists have also questioned the effectiveness and legitimacy of the QRS.
The QRS is an offspring of a device developed by a U.S. physician about a century ago but it is not recognized as medical equipment either in the United States or Japan said Macoto Kikuchi a physics professor at Osaka University who co-authored a book titled Okashina Kagaku (Suspicious science). It is perceived as bogus by scientists. The extent of internal exposure should be indicated in units of becquerels. Assessment of health should be impossible without figures (in becquerels).
Speech by Professor Tasuhiko Kodama Head of the Radioisotope Center at the Univ. of Tokyo July 27 giving testimony to the Committee on Welfare and Labor in Japans Lower House in the Diet Criticized the governments failure to provide sensitive meters to test internal exposure and notes that internal radiation exposure measured in millisieverts is utterly meaningless
18 Lesson 1 Conclusions for Japan
Japanese government and Tepco authorities trivialized the risk and withheld vital information about the risks leading people to take inadequate safety preparations and causing people to fail to evacuate to safe areas.
This inappropriate minimization of risk persists in the monitoring of citizens internal radiation exposure and in the testing of food and water.
19 Overview of Lesson 1 US and Canada
US Canadian Officials Censored and Trivialized Radiation Fallout Preventing Citizens from Taking Simple Measures that Might Have Reduced Exposure Risks
Canadian gov. failed to disclose Iodine-131 in precipitation
Canadian gov. failed to test for contamination (or release results)
US officials minimized risks despite models predicting health effects from exposure to Fukushima Iodine-131 in Alaska and detection of Iodine-131 throughout nation
These incidents reveal a failure to warn and protect the public in a context of new knowledge about the harmful health effects of exposure to relatively low-levels of ionizing radiation
20 Canadian Officials Failed To Disclose Fallout Exceeding Safety Levels
What are officials hiding about Fukushima By Alex Roslin Oct 20 2011 http//www.straight.com/ar ticle-491941/vancouver/what-are-officials-hiding-a bout-fukushima
data shows rainwater in Calgary last March had an average of 8.18 becquerels per liter of radioactive iodine easily exceeding the Canadian guideline of six becquerels per liter for drinking water.
Its above the recommended level for drinking water Eric Pellerin chief of Health Canadas radiation-surveillance division admitted in a phone interview from Ottawa. At any time you sample it it should not exceed the guideline.
Canadian government officials didnt disclose the high radiation readings to the public. Instead they repeatedly insisted that fallout drifting to Canada was negligible and posed no health concerns.
21 Lesson 1 Governments Reduce Perceptions of Risk By Failing to Test
Roslin cont Health Canadas data on rainwater is also puzzling for another reason. It sharply contrasts with the data collected by SFU associate professor of chemistry Krzysztof Starosta. He found iodine-131 levels in rainwater in Burnaby spiked to 13 becquerels per litre in the days after Fukushima. Thats many times higher than the levels detected in Vancouver by Health Canada.
Food is another big question mark. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency briefly tested Japanese food imports from the area around Fukushima but it dropped those measures in June. Canada now relies on Japanese authorities to screen contaminated food.
22 US Officials Minimize Risk
We Do Not Expect Harmful Levels of Radiation To Reach U.S.http//www.youtube.com/watchvlpAqiGSp 29c
Broad W. (2011 March 13). Military Crew Said to Be Exposed to Radiation but Officials Call Risk in US Slight New York Times http//www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/world/asia/14plu me.html_r1
On Sunday the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said it expected no harmful levels of radioactivity to move on the winds to Hawaii Alaska or the West Coast from the reactors in Japan given the thousands of miles between the two countries.
23 Safe Cascades and Hot Particles
Research conducted by Arnie Gunderson and Marco Kaltofen
In the early days of the disaster 10 hot particles a day inhaled in Seattle 100X more in Japan.
Hot spots of hot particles in Seattle and local contamination throughout Cascades of 100 becquerels (disintegrations per second) in about 2 pounds of dirt
Marco Kaltofen found 100 becquerels from Cesium-134 and 137 in a square meter in the Portland Oregon area. This research was conducted before November 6
The radiation is going to cause cancer on a statistical basis
Findings discussed in Update from Gundersen on Robert Knights Five OClock Shadow - WBAI New York http//fairewinds.com/content/update-gunderse n-robert-knights-five-oclock-shadow-wbai-new-york
The data Gunderson discusses in this recent interview were presented in a November 6 Interview - with Marco Kaltofen - titled Airborne Radiation Spread http//enenews.com/uni versity-researcher-weve-seen-radioactive-rain-outs -in-areas-of-oregon-and-washington-areas-with-a-lo t-more-radiation-video 0r http//www.youtube.com/ watchvRJe7rCHXgYs
Paper by Marco Kaltofen (2011 Oct. 31) Radiation Exposure to the Population in Japan after the Earthquake. American Public Health Association. http//apha.confex.com/apha/139am/web program/Paper254015.html
24 Iodine-131 in Kansas and Pacific Northwest
Govt Report Kansas detected Iodine-131 in grass at over 2000 pCi/kg Attributed to Fukushima Report of Radiological Environmental Monitoring of the Environs Surrounding Wolf Creek Generating Station Kansas Department of Health and Environment July 2010-June 2011 Sample WCFV-1-A-005-2.5Location SharpeType PasturageDate April 5 2011
Sample contained 2072.0 72 pCi/kg 131I and 503.0 29 137Cs. This was not a result of WCGS operation but is attributed to the Fukushima nuclear incident in Japan.
Radiation Levels in Northwest Rain Were Up to 131 Times Drinking Water Standards Following Fukushima Japan Nuclear Reactor Explosion. Heart of American Northwest. Press Release July 7 Radiation Levels in Rain in WA and OR were high enough to be of concern despite news reports and officials stating that levels were below any level of public health concern
25 EPA Data and Individual Sampling Show Elevated Levels of Radiation
Analysis of EPA data by Independent Consultant Robert Soltysik (http//freepdfhosting.com/e9ba187 7d6.pdf)
He also analyzed the December EPA radiation data from Corvallis Oregon for 2008 and 2011.
Beta was 2.1 times higher (112). Gamma range 3 (200-400 keV) was up 4.4 gamma range 5 (600-800 keV) was up 8.2 and gamma range 6 (800-1000 keV) was up 4.8.
Ret. Capt. Clyde Stagner conducted similar analysis for Phoenix using EPA Envirofacts database for 2011 and 2010 and found 2011 up 18.3 Gross Beta as compared to 2010
26 Fukushima Uranium Transport Facilitated by Use of Seawater
Uranyl peroxide enhanced nuclear fuel corrosion in seawater
Christopher R. Armstronga1 May Nymanb Tatiana Shvarevaa Ginger E. Sigmonc Peter C. Burnscd and Alexandra Navrotskya2
aPeter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and Nanomaterials in the Environment Agriculture and Technology Organized Research Unit University of California Davis Davis CA 95616
bSandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185
cDepartment of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 and
dDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556
Contributed by Alexandra Navrotsky November 30 2011 (sent for review October 31 2011)
Abstract
The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident brought together compromised irradiated fuel and large amounts of seawater in a high radiation field. Based on newly acquired thermochemical data for a series of uranyl peroxide compounds containing charge-balancing alkali cations here we show that nanoscale cage clusters containing as many as 60 uranyl ions bonded through peroxide and hydroxide bridges are likely to form in solution or as precipitates under such conditions. These species will enhance the corrosion of the damaged fuel and being thermodynamically stable and kinetically persistent in the absence of peroxide they can potentially transport uranium over long distances.
27 Significance of Fallout
Mangano J. Sherman J. (2012). An Unexpected Mortality Increase in the United States Following Arrival of the Radioactive Plume from Fukushima Is There a Correlation International Journal of Health Services 42(1) 47-62.
Excess mortality statistics called by independent researcher Robert Soltysik http//freepdfhosting.c om/ccafb5715d.pdf http//i40.tinypic.com/2q39p8p.j pg
28 Significance
For every 10 mSv of low-dose ionizing radiation there was a 3 increase in the risk of age- and sex-adjusted cancer over a mean follow-up period of five years (hazard ratio 1.003 per milliSievert 95 confidence interval 1.0021.004). Cancer risk related to low-dose ionizing radiation from cardiac imaging in patients after acute myocardial infarction. By M J. Eisenberg Jonathan A. P. R. Lawler M. Abrahamowicz Hugues R. L. Pilote http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC305094 7/toolpubmed
New Research on childhood leukemia and nuclear plants suggests significant health effects from low levels of ionizing radiation International Journal of Cancer study by C. Sermage-Faure D. Laurier S. Goujon-Bellec M. Chartier A. Guyot-Goubin J. Rudant D. Hemon and J. Clavel Childhood leukemia around French nuclear power plants the Geocap study 2002 2007 http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.274 25/pdf.
Prof. Yuri Bandazhevsky found that children contaminated with cesium-137 producing 50 disintegrations per second (becquerels) per kilogram of body weight suffered irreversible heart damage . (Starrr S. 2012 Health Threat From Cesium 1-137. Japan Times Feb 16. Available http//www.japantimes.co.jp/text/rc20120216a1.html
Genomic Damage in Children Accidently Exposed to Ionizing Radiation A Review of the Literature. Fucic A. et al. (2008). Mutation Research 658 111-123. Overall the evidence from the studiesreveals consistently increased chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in exposed than in referent children
New Understandings of radiation Bystander effect and DNA Instability
New model emphasizes how low-dose radiation can cause indirect damage to cells through the bystander effect and through genomic instability. The effects of low-dose ionizing radiation are variable and can reduce DNA repair mechanisms operate lethally on cells or some instances activate them depending upon type of radiation chemical environment etc.
Dietrich Averbeck a Towards a New Paradigm for Evaluating the Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Volume 687 Issues 1-2 1 May 2010 pages 7-12
29 NRC NO HARMFUL LEVELS
excerpt On Sunday the International Atomic Energy Agency offered a spot of good news. The prevailing winds at Daiichi are blowing to the northeast out to sea and should continue to do so for the next three days.
If the wind carries the emissions to sea that will certainly minimize the human and environmental impacts in Japan said Timothy Mousseau of the University of South Carolina who has spent the past decade studying the ecological consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
Such emissions would not endanger the United States the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) announced Sunday in a statement. Given the thousands of miles between the countries the United States is not expected to experience any harmful levels of radioactivity. In other words the danger could simply dissipate over the Pacific.
Ultimate impact of damage to Japan nuclear reactors still unknown. Brian Vastag Published March 13 2011http//www.washingtonpost.com/nation al/ultimate-impact-of-damage-to-japan-nuclear-reac tors-still-unknown/2011/03/13/ABbwoBU_story.html
30 NRC Failed to Disclose Its Scenarios for Fallout in Alaska
Washington Post While assuring Americans publicly that there was no danger the NRC did not disclose one worst-case scenario which did not rule out the possibility of radiation exceeding safe levels for thyroid doses in Alaska the e-mails show. Because things were uncertain we considered it but the data that was available ... did not support that very pessimistic scenario so no it was not discussed publicly at that point NRC spokesman Scott Burnell said. In the end Alaska was not affected. (Mufson S. 2012 Feb 7. Messages show conflict within NRC after Japans earthquakes and tsunami WashingtonPost http//www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/mes sages-show-conflict-within-nrc-after-japan-earthqu ake-and-tsunami/2012/01/09/gIQA2ll6uQ_print.html
Japan not alone in failing to protect population The WSJs criticism of Japan may apply to NRC The failure to disburse the preventive pills follows other examples of how the Japanese government failed to implement available measures aimed at protecting local residents from the harms of radiation Hayashi Y. (2011 September 29). Japan Officials Failed to Hand Out Radiation Pills in Quakes Aftermath
31 Deliberate Government Censorship
No health effects are expected among the Japanese people as a result of the events at Fukushima read a statement issued by the Nuclear Energy Institute the nuclear industry trade group at a June Washington Press conference (Karl Grossman Fukushima and the Nuclear Establishment Counterpunch 2011 June 16 http//counterpunch.org/grossman06162011.html) .
According to The Guardian two days after the earthquake British government authorities contacted nuclear companies including Westinghouse Areva EDF Energy and the Nuclear Industry Association to coordinate a public relations campaign aimed at assuring the public nuclear is safe in order to avoid resistance to a new generation of nuclear plants planned for the UK. In April the UK office for nuclear development met with nuclear companies in London to to discuss a joint communications and engagement strategy aimed at ensuring we maintain confidence among the British public on the safety of nuclear power stations and nuclear new-build policy in light of recent events at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.
Rob Edwards Revealed British Governments Plan To Play Down Fukushima The Guardian (2011 June 30) http//www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/ju n/30/british-government-plan-play-down-fukushima.
32 ConclusionLessons from Government Censorship
Public cannot currently rely on government to accurately describe risks posed by an ongoing disaster nor can they rely on government to evaluate ongoing risks to health posed by disasters
Government regulatory agencies are likely to minimize risks in order to prevent panic and public outrage
33 Lessons from Government Censorship
Japan betrayed citizens over radiation danger ABC Ballarat Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC Australia. Mark Willacy January 19 2012
Japan has been accused of betraying its own people by giving the American military information about the spread of radiation from Fukushima more than a week before it told the Japanese public.
The mayor of a Japanese community abandoned because of its proximity to the Fukushima nuclear plant has told AM the governments actions are akin to murder.
An official from Japans science ministry which was in charge of mapping the spread of radiation has acknowledged to AM that perhaps the public should have been told about the dangers at the same time the US military was informed. ...
Just three days after the tsunami crushed the Fukushima nuclear plant Japans science ministry handed over computer predictions about the radiation dispersal to the US military. ... Namie Mayor Tamotsu Baba
Because we had no information we were unwittingly evacuating to an area where the radiation level was high. So Im very worried about the peoples health
I feel pain in my heart but also rage over the poor actions of the government
Its not nice language but I still think it was an act of murder
What were they thinking when it came to peoples dignity and lives I doubt that they even thought about our existence
Itaru Watanabe from the science ministry says the government
According to the government panel investigating the disaster the information about the potential spread of radiation could have been given to the public
The science ministry should have told the nuclear disaster task force to pass on the data to the people But we didnt think of that
34 Overview Lesson 2
Government censorship and denial can succeed because the mainstream media largely fail to investigate government and Tepco reports.
Censorship/Data Manipulation evident in media reporting
Pattern Exists Between Alarming Initial Reports and Subsequent Efforts by Officials to Minimize Perceptions of Danger Which Are Reported Uncritically by Mainstream Media
Media including western media may directly withhold vital information deliberately and as a result of their unwillingness to question or investigate official pronouncements
Mainstream media may frame issues in ways that inaccurately and/or misleadingly represent the significance and/or severity of the information.
35 Summary of Media Misrepresentations
During the early days of the disaster the Japanese press reported
That no explosions had occurred
That no more explosions would occur within hours of more explosions
That no meltdowns had occurred
That no radiation had been released
that the effects of radiation released was too small to affect health
That contamination was limited to peoples clothes
That no danger was posed by radioactive iodine in tap water
That contaminated food was safe to eat
US news media even less critical in reporting than Japanese press particularly given an inability to formalize in print
that meltdowns had occurred
that melt-throughs were reported
that cold shutdown is a fantasy
Japanese American and other nations media all systematically under-represented the scale of radiation releases their ongoing dynamics and their probable health effects
In particular emphasis on no immediate effects and no acute effects functioned to mislead publics about severity of releases
36 A Note on Method Analyzing Mainstream Press Reporting in Japan Canada US
We learn the most from the Japanese press when they interview experts not employed by Tepco or the national Japanese government.
Typically an informative Japanese press release is followed by contradictory statements from Japanese government and Tepco officials
Observers must discern developments from leaked comments by officials Japanese bloggers investigations (Ex-SKF and Fukushima Diary) from FOIA requests (Enformable) and from crowd-sourced interpretations of the Tepco and JNN reported plant data and webcams.
Observers interpretations of webcam are limited by a variety of factors including increasingly poor visibility and outright censorship.
37 Propaganda Techniques
Or-well January 15 2012 at 1146 am Log in to Reply
RE-BUNK restating a position that is not well-supported factually or restating it with details changed. Serves to promote confusion intended to support a weak or unsupportable position.
E.G. Reactors are in cold-shutdown partial meltdown
POST-BUNKING pro-active and after-the-fact. Restates a position or promotes false/misleading info or adds false/misleading info in response to new or discovered conditions. May serve to reposition or even change a previously stated position or intention.
No immediate health effects
PRE-BUNKING falsely positioning future intended acts or consequences falsely framing terms of future discussion serves to obfuscate and/or limit discovery through complete dialogue.
38 Japanese Authorities on Japanese Television (Pre-Bunking ) No Meltdown No Danger
During the midst of these disasters Japanese authorities insisted that there was little to no danger. On March 12 University of Tokyo Professor Naoto Sekimura appeared repeatedly on Japanese television to reassure local residents that all was under control.
David McNeill of CNN reports Sekimuras comments Only a small part of the fuel may have melted and leaked outside he said. Residents near the power station should stay calm because most of the fuel remains inside the reactor which has stopped operating and is being cooled. In April a former nuclear regulator who had served as a consultant to TEPCO in April claimed publicly that there was no danger of a total meltdown.
David McNeill Whos Telling the Truth On the Fukushima Meltdown CNNGo.Com (2011 June 15) CNNGo.com http//www.cnngo.com/tokyo/life/tell-me- about-it/david-mcneill-whos-telling-truth-fukushim a-448215ixzz1PMTJwTk1.
Ex-Regulator Resigns from Tepco Reuters video (2011 April 19) http//www.reuters.com/article/v ideo/idUSTRE73I10E20110419videoId204721879.
39 Lesson 2 Denying ExplosionsComparison of Initial Reports With Subsequent Statements (Post-Bunking)
Report from Ex-SKF here Saturday March 12 2011
Ex-SKF Explosion at Fukushima Nuclear Plant Evacuation Expanded to 20 Kilometers Government Doesnt Tell the whole Truth
430 pm disaster prevention radio is flowing again. There have been reports (that the explosion) it was a mistake.
http//ex-skf.blogspot.com/2011/03/explosion-at-fu kushima-i-nuclear-plant.html. His links for sources
40 Japanese Press Uncritically Repeat Government Assertions No Radiation Leaks
The Japan Times March 12 2011 Saturday Kan pledges full rescue responseKanako Takahara Staff writer Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government is doing its utmost to ensure the publics safety and minimize the damage including dispatching the Self-Defense Forces for rescue operations following the massive earthquake and tsunami that hit the Tohoku region Friday.
I ask the people to act with calm and continue to listen carefully for information via television and radio Kan said in a televised address.He said some nuclear power plants stopped operations but the government detected no radiation leaks.
41 Sample Analysis Press Releases Aimed at Minimizing Perceptions of Risk Emphasize No Health Effects
Jiji Press March 12 News Addresses Radiation Releases
Jiji Press Ticker Service March 12 2011 Saturday 1113 PM JST (Update) Blast Hits Japan N-Reactor Building Container Unhurt
Because of the pressure release radioactive substance may have leaked. At 329 p.m. on the fringe of the plants grounds the company detected radiation of 1015 microsieverts per hour almost equivalent to the maximum allowable annual radiation exposure of 1000 microsieverts for a civilian. The radiation level was reduced later.
Jiji Press March 13 Information Management Aimed At Reducing Perceptions of Risk
March 13 2011 Sunday 127 PM JST (Update) Safety of Japanese Nuclear Reactor Secured after Blast There appear to be little risk for now that a massive amount of radioactive substances will leak from the reactor officials at the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency said. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said at a news conference that the amount of radioactive substances released due to the work is so small that human health is not affected. (http//www.lexisnexis.com .ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/verbs rcsi169235stermsPUBLICATION(KyodoNewsInterna tionalTokyo))
42 Media Report Official Statements Uncritically Despite Absurdity Radiation Exposure Limited to Clothes
Japanese Residents May Have Been Exposed to RadiationTokyo March 13 Jiji Press Ticker Service 1019 AM http//www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy 1.lib.asu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/verbsrcsi16 9235stermsPUBLICATION(KyodoNewsInternationalT okyo)
Nine residents may have been exposed to radiation while being evacuated from an area near a quake-damaged nuclear plant in northern Japan a government official said Sunday morning. The residents were evacuated by bus from the town of Futaba in Fukushima Prefecture where the No. 1 Fukushima nuclear plant is located Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said at a news conference.
Edano said the exposure was apparently limited to their clothes there will be no serious health damage Edano said
43 March 14 No Danger After Initial Explosions
Jiji Press Ticker Service March 14 2011 Monday 1140 PM JST (Update) Partial Meltdown May Have Occurred at Another Fukushima Reactor http//www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/hot topics/lnacademic/verbsrcsi169235stermsPUBLI CATION(KyodoNewsInternationalTokyo)
Tepco said Monday evening that the No. 2 reactor of its quake-hit Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant may have experienced a partial meltdown. The fuel rods of the reactor each of which is 4 meters long became fully exposed to air because of a substantial drop in the amount of cooling water in the reactor according to the firms report to the prefectural government of Fukushima northeastern Japan. For about two hours after that the reactor appeared to have kept operating without any cooling water and this might have caused the fuel rods to melt
Tepco also said that the No. 1 and No. 2 reactors at its Fukushima No. 2 nuclear plant were no longer in dangerous states as the temperatures inside the reactors fell below 100 degrees Celsius.
Unit 2 Explodes March 15
44 No Danger in From Radioactive Iodine in Tap Water
This analysis of news framing was conducted by blogger Ex-SKF March 19 comparing Kyodo News Japanese and Kyodo News English http//ex-skf.blogspot.com/2011/03/japan-earthquak e-kyodo-news-english-vs.html
One of the major headlines in Kyodo News English site (front page)Radioactive iodine beyond limit detected in tap water in Fukushima
One of the major headlines in Kyodo News Japanese site (front page) (translation)Radioactive iodine and cesium detected in tap water in Ibaragi below limit no health risk
Ex-SKF comments Is this some kind of a joke English language news for doom and gloom foreign media consumption and Japanese language news for extend and pretend Japanese media consumption
45 Japanese Nuclear Regulators Still Mis-Representing Scale of Disaster in April
In April a former nuclear regulator who had served as a consultant to TEPCO in April claimed publicly that there was no danger of a total meltdown.
Ex-Regulator Resigns from Tepco Reuters video (2011 April 19) http//www.reuters.com/article/v ideo/idUSTRE73I10E20110419videoId204721879.
46 Rating of Accident Failed to Reflect Severity of Multiple Explosions and Massive Releases
Fukushima N-Plant Accidents Rated Level 5 Worst in Japan Anonymous. Jiji Press English News Service Tokyo 19 Mar 2011.
Tokyo March 18 (Jiji Press)--Japan on Friday gave a provisional rating of Level 5 to accidents at the No. 1 2 and 3 reactors of Tokyo Electric Power Co.s quake-damaged Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant the worst for any nuclear accident that has happened in the nation.
The No. 1 2 and 3 reactors at the Fukushima plant are seen to have experienced partial meltdowns the first such phenomenon in Japan as their cooling system were damaged by tsunami waves unleashed by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake that hit the Tohoku northeastern Japan region including Fukushima Prefecture.
At the No. 1 2 and 4 reactors of Tokyo Electric Powers Fukushima No. 2 nuclear plant the pumping systems temporarily stopped working. The nuclear safety agency thus gave a rating of Level 3 to the incidents. END
47 US Media Pre-bunkingInitial Assurances Findings
Its simply impossible to imagine anything like Chernobyl happening in these reactors despite all the problems theyre having. http//www.npr.org/2011/03/14/134543680/sizing-up- japan-s-nuclear-emergency-no-chernobyl
Stephen Kurczy Staff writer. The Christian Science Monitor March 17 2011 byline Fear of Japans nuclear crisis far exceeds actual risks say scientists Pop culture has long helped fuel an irrational fear of radiation and dire warnings about Japans embattled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant are likely overblown scientists say.
There is no question of a Chernobyl situation or of anything like the same threat to human health and safety An accident like Chernobyl cannot happen againthis is a reactor of a different generation. Even in the worst-case scenario of a total coolant failure the radiation released will be hundreds of times less than from Chernobyl. http//www.thedailybeast.com/articles/ 2011/03/13/why-japans-nuclear-meltdown-is-no-chern obyl.html
Summary Report of RSMC Beijing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident Emergency Response WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION CBS/CG-NERA/Doc. 5.4 (27.10.2011) Nuclear leaks occurred in Fukushima and lasted for five days. The total release amount was equal to that of Chernobyl nuclear explosion p. 4 48 Lesson 2 WSJ Unable to Write Full Melt-Down
Article Power Stephen Smith Rebecca (2011 July 18). Nuclear plant safety proposals put on fast track. The Wall Street Journal p. A3.
The print version of this article (referenced above) described the Fukushima mega-disaster as a partial meltdown
Article Nuclear Plant Loses Electricity in Temblor. The Wall Street Journal August 24
Electricity is needed to keep the reactor cores covered with coolant and to keep safe temperatures in spent fuel pools. Problems in both those areas led to the near-meltdown of reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi plant in Japan following a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami on March 11. http//online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405311 1903461304576526642400085456.html
49 December WSJ Finally Announces Meltdown
Wall Street Journal finally reports Reactor Core Melted Fully Japan SaysFuel Breeched Vessel Floor Operator Says in its Gravest Status Report M. Obe T. Fowler (2011 Dec 1) p. A8
one reactors molten core likely burned through its primary containment chamber and then ate as far as three-quarters of the way through the concrete in a secondary vessel
The New York Times had reported this level of meltdown May 25 Japan Sees Signs of 2 More Meltdowns by H. Tabuchi p. 10
The plants operator also said that it was possible that the pressure vessels in the three stricken reactors which house the uranium fuel rods had been breeched as well. But most of the fuel remained inside the vessels the company said far from a more severe nuclear meltdown in which molten fuel penetrates the ground a calamity known as the China Syndrome
50 Meltdown was Really a Melt-Through Reported in June by the Yomiuri
Melt-through at Fukushima / Govt report to IAEA suggests situation worse than meltdownhttp//www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110 607005367.htmNuclear fuel in three reactors at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant has possibly melted through pressure vessels and accumulated at the bottom of outer containment vessels according to a government report obtained Tuesday by The Yomiuri Shimbun.A melt-through--when melted nuclear fuel leaks from the bottom of damaged reactor pressure vessels into containment vessels--is far worse than a core meltdown and is the worst possibility in a nuclear accident.
Justin McCurry Fukushima Nuclear Plant May Have Suffered Melt-Through Japan Admits The Guardian (2011 Jun3 8) http//www.guardian.co.uk /world/2011/jun/08/fukushima-nuclear-plant-melt-th roughCMPtwt_gu
Julian Ryall Nuclear Fuel Has Melted Through Base of Fukushima Plant The Telegraph (2011 June 9) http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8565020/ Nuclear-fuel-has-melted-through-base-of-Fukushima- plant.html
TEPCO Melted fuel ate into containment vessel http//www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/20111130_39.ht ml
51 No Major U.S. Newspaper Reported the Melt-Through in June-Nov
Searched ABI and Lexus-Nexus using Fukushima and melt-through Fukushima and meltthrough and Fukushima and China syndrome
Japanese Press Melt-through at Fukushima Govt report to IAEA suggests situation worse than meltdown. The Daily Yomiuri(Tokyo) June 8 2011 Wednesday Pg. 1
1 US PAPER PICKED UP THIS REPORT INDIRECTLY. NO MENTION OF A MELT-THROUGH BE FOUND IN US MAJOR NEWSPAPERS AFTER THIS ONE REPORT UNTIL DEC
52 The 1 indirect report of the melt-through was buried and on page A10.
Chico Harlan (2011 June 8) Japan to create independent nuclear agency. The Washington Post A10.
As the disaster unfolded Japanese authorities relied on computer models and uncertain data while trying to assess the full scope of the damage to the reactor cores. Even now it will probably be years before guesses about units 1 2 and 3 turn into facts. But the governments admission Tuesday of a possible melt-through reaffirmed assumptions held by outside scientists.
Its much like the Japanese government conceding that gravity is a possibility David Lochbaum an independent nuclear power expert wrote in an e-mail. Studies for decades have consistently concluded that a reactor core without cooling and makeup will overheat melt slump to the bottom of the reactor vessel and burn through the vessel wall and drop on to the drywell floor.
53 Australian Media Can Type It Melt-Through
The Age (Melbourne Australia) June 10 2011 Friday First EditionMeltdown to the core JAPANSECTION NEWS In Brief Overseas Pg. 15LENGTH 121 wordsTOKYO. Molten nuclear fuel in three reactors at the Fukushima No. 1 power plant is likely to have burnt through pressure vessels not just the cores. It is the first time Japanese authorities have admitted the possibility that the fuel suffered melt-through - more serious than a core meltdown. The report which is to be submitted to the International Atomic Energy Agency said fuel rods in reactors Nos. 1 2 and 3 had probably not only melted but also breached their inner containment vessels and accumulated in the outer steel containment vessels. The plants operator Tokyo Electric Power (Tepco) says it believes the molten fuel is being cooled by water that has built up in the bottom of the three reactor buildings.
54 Lesson 2 Media Censorship Japanese Gov. and Media Report Cold Shutdown Despite Increasing Evidence of Iodine-131 and Spiking Cesium in Dec 2011.
In this 4 minute clip Prime Minister Noda of Japan explains that the claim of cold shutdown of the reactors was based on the average temperature of the overall reactor pressure vehicles (not bottom).
PM Noda refused to address journalists questions concerning the status of the fuel rods given Tepcos previous admission that melt-throughs had occurred. http//www.youtube.com/watchvMxUQKJwk IeYfeatureplayer_embedded
Fukushima Diary posted finding of Iodine-131 in dehydration sludge sampled between 12/1 12/6 in Japan. Original link here http//www.gesui.metr o.tokyo.jp/oshi/infn0579.htm
Also here http//www.pref.gunma.jp/cate_list/ct000 05089.html
Evidence of Increasing detections of Iodine-131 which has an 8 day half life indicate ongoing fission.
Dr. Chris Busby also asserts ongoing fission in this Dec 27 Russia Today interview http//www.youtube.com/watchv1F0uFAWV7uc
55 Cold Shutdown
The Mainichi Daily News News Navigator What is a cold shutdown at the Fukushima nuclear plant December 17 http//mdn.mainichi.jp/perspectives/ne ws/20111217p2a00m0na015000c.html
Excerpted Question What does it mean when a nuclear reactor has achieved a cold shutdown
Answer It means the reactors have been stabilized and shut down. Under normal circumstances this means control rods have been inserted into the gaps between the fuel rods in the reactor and the temperature of the water in the reactor pressure containers is below 100 degrees Celsius. In this scenario fuel rods are contained within the pressure container with no radiation leaking out.
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